scholarly journals African nonhuman primates are infected with the yaws bacterium Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascha Knauf ◽  
Jan F. Gogarten ◽  
Verena J. Schuenemann ◽  
Hélène M. De Nys ◽  
Ariane Düx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Genomic Structure ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Hybridization Capture ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Treponemal Infection ◽  
Long Range Pcr ◽  
Global Eradication

AbstractTreponema pallidum subsp. pertenue (TPE) is the causative agent of yaws. The disease was subject to global eradication efforts in the mid 20th century but reemerged in West Africa, Southern Asia, and the Pacific region. Despite its importance for eradication, detailed data on possible nonhuman disease reservoirs are missing. A number of African nonhuman primates (NHPs) have been reported to show skin ulcerations suggestive of treponemal infection in humans. Furthermore antibodies against Treponema pallidum (TP) have been repeatedly detected in wild NHP populations. While genetic studies confirmed that NHPs are infected with TP strains, subspecies identification was only possible once for a strain isolated in 1966, pinpointing the involvement of TPE. We therefore collected a number of recently isolated simian TP strains and determined eight whole genome sequences using hybridization capture or long-range PCR combined with next-generation sequencing. These new genomes were compared with those of known human TP isolates. Our results show that naturally occurring simian TP strains circulating in three African NHP species all cluster with human TPE strains and show the same genomic structure as human TPE strains. These data indicate that humans are not the exclusive host for the yaws bacterium and that a One Health approach is required to achieve sustainable eradication of human yaws.

Nonvenereal endemic treponematoses: Yaws, endemic syphilis (bejel), and pinta

2020 ◽  
pp. 1204-1210
Author(s):  
Michael Marks ◽  
Oriol Mitjà ◽  
David Mabey
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Genomic Structure ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Sexual Contact ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Penicillin Treatment ◽  
Granulomatous Diseases ◽  
And Cartilage

The endemic treponematoses are chronic, granulomatous diseases caused by morphologically and serologically identical spirochaetes of the genus Treponema. They are spread by intimate but non-sexual contact and possibly by fomites, mainly among children. Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue causing yaws (framboesia), T. pallidum subsp. endemicum causing endemic syphilis (bejel) and T. carateum causing pinta (carate) are distinguishable from T. pallidum subsp. pallidum, causing venereal syphilis, by their epidemiology and pathological effects and genomic structure (e.g. the arp gene). Despite the successful WHO/UNICEF mass penicillin treatment campaign (1952–1964), there has been a resurgence of yaws, mainly in West Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific. Children living in rural areas in warm, humid climates in tropical countries are most affected by yaws. About 10% of untreated cases develop late, disfiguring, or crippling lesions of skin, bone, and cartilage.

scholarly journals Comparison of target enrichment strategies for ancient pathogen DNA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Furtwängler ◽  
Judith Neukamm ◽  
Lisa Böhme ◽  
Ella Reiter ◽  
Melanie Vollstedt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Dna ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Target Enrichment ◽  
Hybridization Capture ◽  
Research Outcomes ◽  
Pathogen Dna ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Rna And Dna ◽  
Better Than

AbstractIn ancient DNA research, the degraded nature of the samples generally results in poor yields of highly fragmented DNA, and targeted DNA enrichment is thus required to maximize research outcomes. The three commonly used methods – (1) array-based hybridization capture and in-solution capture using either (2) RNA or (3) DNA baits – have different characteristics that may influence the capture efficiency, specificity, and reproducibility. Here, we compared their performance in enriching pathogen DNA of Mycobacterium leprae and Treponema pallidum of 11 ancient and 19 modern samples. We find that in-solution approaches are the most effective method in ancient and modern samples of both pathogens, and RNA baits usually perform better than DNA baits.Method summaryWe compared three targeted DNA enrichment strategies used in ancient DNA research for the specific enrichment of pathogen DNA regarding their efficiency, specificity, and reproducibility for ancient and modern Mycobacterium leprae and Treponema pallidum samples. Array-based capture and in-solution capture with RNA and DNA baits were all tested in three independent replicates.

scholarly journals Genetic studies on the pacific abalone. Thermostability variations at multiple loci in the pacific abalone.

1981 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1627-1630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sei-ichi OKUMURA ◽  
Kiyoshi SASAKI ◽  
Kazuo FUJINO
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Pacific Abalone ◽  
Multiple Loci ◽  
The Pacific

scholarly journals Comparison of target enrichment strategies for ancient pathogen DNA

BioTechniques ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 455-459
Author(s):  
Anja Furtwängler ◽  
Judith Neukamm ◽  
Lisa Böhme ◽  
Ella Reiter ◽  
Melanie Vollstedt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Dna ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Capture Efficiency ◽  
Target Enrichment ◽  
Hybridization Capture ◽  
Research Outcomes ◽  
Pathogen Dna ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Better Than

In ancient DNA research, the degraded nature of the samples generally results in poor yields of highly fragmented DNA; targeted DNA enrichment is thus required to maximize research outcomes. The three commonly used methods – array-based hybridization capture and in-solution capture using either RNA or DNA baits – have different characteristics that may influence the capture efficiency, specificity and reproducibility. Here we compare their performance in enriching pathogen DNA of Mycobacterium leprae and Treponema pallidum from 11 ancient and 19 modern samples. We find that in-solution approaches are the most effective method in ancient and modern samples of both pathogens and that RNA baits usually perform better than DNA baits.

Treponemal infection rates, risk factors and pregnancy outcome in a rural area of Senegal

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Lagarde ◽  
Emmanuelle Guyavarch ◽  
Jean-Pierre Piau ◽  
AÏssatou Gueye-Ndiaye ◽  
Karim Seck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Syphilis Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Treponemal Infection ◽  
Active Syphilis

A rural population of east Senegal has been under demographic surveillance for more than 30 years and a high rate of infertility has been reported. The aim of the study is to describe HIV and treponemal infection epidemiology and association with outcome of pregnancy in a population of rural Senegal. A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 952 randomly-selected adults of a rural community of Senegal. No participant was found to be infected with HIV, 11% had evidence of past syphilis and 5% of active syphilis. Active syphilis was associated among men with age, long-term mobility and having partners in an urban area in the last 12 months and among women with being divorced or widowed. No association was found between past or active syphilis and abortion or stillbirth but women aged 40 and more with past or active syphilis were significantly more likely to have had no history of gestation than women with no evidence of syphilis infection. In conclusion our results call for more research to understand the epidemiology of treponemal infection and to elucidate types of Treponema pallidum involved.

scholarly journals Global Eradication of Yaws: Neglected Disease with Research Priority

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Md Robed Amin ◽  
Ariful Basher ◽  
Md Ferdous Zaman ◽  
MA Faiz
Keyword(s):  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
World Health ◽  
Benzyl Penicillin ◽  
Neglected Disease ◽  
World Health Assembly Resolution ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Global Eradication ◽  
Long Acting

Yaws is a disfiguring, debilitating non-venereal treponemal infection caused by Treponema pallidum subspecies pertenue. It is a contagious disease transmitted by direct (person-to-person) contact with the infectious yaws lesion. Early lesions of this disease manifest in the form of skin lesions, which on healing show little scarring. The disease can be progressive wherein bone and cartilage are affected leading to disability. The disease can be cured and prevented by a single injection of long acting (benzathine benzyl) penicillin. Between 1952 and 1964, a worldwide campaign led by WHO and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) to control and eventually eradicate yaws and other endemic treponematoses were undertaken.By the end of the 1970s, reemergence of yaws occured in many countries and it prompted a World Health Assembly Resolution requesting the implementation of integrated treponematoses control programmes. While the programme initially showed tremendous result but yaws control efforts paved the way for the development of the primary healthcare system in affected areas. The disease is amenable to eradication epidemiologically, technologically, historically and from political point of view if appropriate research based programme in national and international arena is set. Key words: Eradication, Yaws, Neglected,disease,Research   doi: 10.3329/jom.v10i2.2825   J MEDICINE 2009; 10 : 109-114

scholarly journals Wound healing and inflammation: embryos reveal the way to perfect repair

2004 ◽  
Vol 359 (1445) ◽  
pp. 777-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Redd ◽  
Lisa Cooper ◽  
Will Wood ◽  
Brian Stramer ◽  
Paul Martin
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Small Gtpase ◽  
Null Mouse ◽  
Purse String ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Epithelial Migration ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Development Proceeds

Tissue repair in embryos is rapid, efficient and perfect and does not leave a scar, an ability that is lost as development proceeds. Wheras adult wound keratinocytes crawl forwards over the exposed substratum to close the gap, a wound in the embryonic epidermis is closed by contraction of a rapidly assembled actin purse string. Blocking assembly of this cable in chick and mouse embryos, by drugs or by inactivation of the small GTPase Rho, severely hinders the re–epithelialization process. Live studies of epithelial repair in GFP–actin–expressing Drosophila embryos reveal actin–rich filopodia associated with the cable, and although these protrusions from leading edge cells appear to play little role in epithelial migration, they are essential for final zippering of the wound edges together—inactivation of Cdc42 prevents their assembly and blocks the final adhesion step. This wound re–epithelialization machinery appears to recapitulate that used during naturally occurring morphogenetic episodes as typified by Drosophila dorsal closure. One key difference between embryonic and adult repair, which may explain why one heals perfectly and the other scars, is the presence of an inflammatory response at sites of adult repair where there is none in the embryo. Our studies of repair in the PU.1 null mouse, which is genetically incapable of raising an inflammatory response, show that inflammation may indeed be partly responsible for scarring, and our genetic studies of inflammation in zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) larvae suggest routes to identifying gene targets for therapeutically modulating the recruitment of inflammatory cells and thus improving adult healing.

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