scholarly journals Coordinated Changes In The Accumulation Of Metal Ions In Maize (Zea mays ssp. mays L.) In Response To Inoculation With The Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Funneliformis mosseae

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rosario Ramirez-Flores ◽  
Ruben Rellan-Alvarez ◽  
Barbara Wozniak ◽  
Mesfin-Nigussie Gebreselassie ◽  
Iver Jakobsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Funneliformis Mosseae ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
External Hyphae ◽  
The Impact

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis is an ancient interaction between plants and fungi of the phylum Glomeromycota. In exchange for photosynthetically fixed carbon, the fungus provides the plant host with greater access to soil nutrients via an extensive network of root-external hyphae. Here, to determine the impact of the symbiosis on the host ionome, the concentration of nineteen elements was determined in the roots and leaves of a panel of thirty maize varieties, grown under phosphorus limiting conditions, with, or without, inoculation with the fungus Funneliformis mosseae. Although the most recognized benefit of the symbiosis to the host plant is greater access to soil phosphorus, the concentration of a number of other elements responded significantly to inoculation across the panel as a whole. In addition, variety-specific effects indicated the importance of plant genotype to the response. Clusters of elements were identified that varied in a coordinated manner across genotypes, and that were maintained between non-inoculated and inoculated plants.AbbreviationsNCnon-colonizedMmycorrhizalSDWshoot dry weightICP-MSinductively coupled plasma mass spectrometryPCprincipal component

scholarly journals Wheat biochemical response to cadmium toxicity under Funneliformis mosseae and Piriformospora indica symbiosis / Kviečių, esančių simbiozėje su Funneliformis mosseae ir Piriformospora indica, biocheminis atsakas į kadmio toksinį poveikį

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleh Shahabivand ◽  
Ali Asghar Aliloo ◽  
Hassan Zare Maivan
Keyword(s):  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Piriformospora Indica ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Funneliformis Mosseae ◽  
Leaves And Roots ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The effects of root endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Funneliformis mosseae were investigated on some biochemical parameters in leaves and roots of Triticum aestivum cv. ‘Sardari39’ under Cadmium (Cd) stress. The experiment was carried out with inoculation treatments of F. mosseae, P. indica, F. mosseae + P. indica and no-inoculation (control) at four Cd concentrations (0, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 mM Cd). The results revealed that in non-inoculated plants, H2O2, malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline contents increased in leaves and roots in response to increasing soil Cd concentrations. However, guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activity in roots and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in leaves and roots increased at lower Cd concentrations, while at higher Cd concentrations the rate decreased. In the presence of P. indica and F. mosseae + P. indica, H2O2 and MDA contents decreased, and proline accumulation increased in wheat leaves and roots. Also, the presence of P. indica increased GPX and SOD activities in leaves and roots. The study concluded that P. indica and F. mosseae were able to maintain an efficient symbiosis with wheat plants in soil at high Cd concentrations. However, the impact of P. indica in alleviating Cd stress was more noticeable than that of F. mosseae.

scholarly journals Dual RNA-seq reveals large-scale non-conserved genotype x genotype specific genetic reprograming and molecular crosstalk in the mycorrhizal symbiosis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan D. Mateus ◽  
Frédéric G. Masclaux ◽  
Consolée Aletti ◽  
Edward C. Rojas ◽  
Romain Savary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Plant Genes ◽  
Fungal Genetic

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) impact plant growth and are a major driver of plant diversity and productivity. We quantified the contribution of intra-specific genetic variability in cassava (Manihot esculenta) and Rhizophagus irregularis to gene reprogramming in symbioses using dual RNA-sequencing. A large number of cassava genes exhibited altered transcriptional responses to the fungus but transcription of most of these plant genes (72%) responded in a different direction or magnitude depending on the plant genotype. Two AMF isolates displayed large differences in their transcription, but the direction and magnitude of the transcriptional responses for a large number of these genes was also strongly influenced by the genotype of the plant host. This indicates that unlike the highly conserved plant genes necessary for the symbiosis establishment, plant and fungal gene transcriptional responses are not conserved and are greatly influenced by plant and fungal genetic differences, even at the within-species level. The transcriptional variability detected allowed us to identify an extensive gene network showing the interplay in plant-fungal reprogramming in the symbiosis. Key genes illustrated that the two organisms jointly program their cytoskeleton organisation during growth of the fungus inside roots. Our study reveals that plant and fungal genetic variation plays a strong role in shaping the genetic reprograming in response to symbiosis, indicating considerable genotype x genotype interactions in the mycorrhizal symbiosis. Such variation needs to be considered in order to understand the molecular mechanisms between AMF and their plant hosts in natural communities.

scholarly journals Towards Growth of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Independent of a Plant Host

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1919-1924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Hildebrandt ◽  
Katharina Janetta ◽  
Hermann Bothe
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Significant Step ◽  
Hyphal Coils ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Root Tissues

ABSTRACT When surface-sterilized spores of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Glomus intraradices Sy167 were germinated on agar plates in the slightly modified minimum mineral medium described by G. Bécard and J. A. Fortin (New Phytol. 108:211-218, 1988), slime-forming bacteria, identified as Paenibacillus validus, frequently grew up. These bacteria were able to support growth of the fungus on the agar plates. In the presence of P. validus, hyphae branched profusely and formed coiled structures. These were much more densely packed than the so-called arbuscule-like structures which are formed by AMF grown in coculture with carrot roots transformed with T-DNA from Agrobacterium rhizogenes. The presence of P. validus alone also enabled G. intraradices to form new spores, mainly at the densely packed hyphal coils. The new spores were not as abundant as and were smaller than those formed by AMF in the monoxenic culture with carrot root tissues, but they also contained lipid droplets and a large number of nuclei. In these experiments P. validus could not be replaced by bacteria such as Escherichia coli K-12 or Azospirillum brasilense Sp7. Although no conditions under which the daughter spores regerminate and colonize plants have been found yet, and no factor(s) from P. validus which stimulates fungal growth has been identified, the present findings might be a significant step forward toward growth of AMF independent of any plant host.

scholarly journals Identification of a cDNA from the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Glomus intraradices that is Expressed During Mycorrhizal Symbiosis and Up-Regulated by N Fertilization

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan M. Ruiz-Lozano ◽  
Carlos Collados ◽  
Rosa Porcel ◽  
Rosario Azcón ◽  
JoséM. Barea
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Product ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Transcript Accumulation ◽  
Reading Frame

A cDNA library was constructed with RNA from Glomus intraradices-colonized lettuce roots and used for differential screening. This allowed the identification of a cDNA (Gi-1) that was expressed only in mycorrhizal roots and was of fungal origin. The function of the gene product is unknown, because Gi-1 contained a complete open reading frame that was predicted to encode a protein of 157 amino acids which only showed little homology with glutamine synthetase from Helicobacter pylori. The time-course analysis of gene expression during the fungal life cycle showed that Gi-1 was expressed only during the mycorrhizal symbiosis and was not detected in dormant or germinating spores of G. intraradices. P fertilization did not significantly change the pattern of Gi-1 expression compared with that in the unfertilized treatment, whereas N fertilization (alone or in combination with P) considerably enhanced the Gi-1 transcript accumulation. This increase in gene expression correlated with plant N status and growth under such conditions. The possible role of the Gi-1 gene product in intermediary N metabolism of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis is further discussed.

scholarly journals Suppression of the Biocontrol AgentTrichoderma harzianum by Mycelium of the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Glomus intraradices in Root-Free Soil

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1428-1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helge Green ◽  
John Larsen ◽  
Pål Axel Olsson ◽  
Dan Funck Jensen ◽  
Iver Jakobsen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Gus Activity ◽  
Hyphal Length ◽  
External Mycelium ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Trichoderma harzianum is an effective biocontrol agent against several fungal soilborne plant pathogens. However, possible adverse effects of this fungus on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi might be a drawback in its use in plant protection. The objective of the present work was to examine the interaction between Glomus intraradices and T. harzianum in soil. The use of a compartmented growth system with root-free soil compartments enabled us to study fungal interactions without the interfering effects of roots. Growth of the fungi was monitored by measuring hyphal length and population densities, while specific fatty acid signatures were used as indicators of living fungal biomass. Hyphal 33P transport and β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity were used to monitor activity ofG. intraradices and a GUS-transformed strain of T. harzianum, respectively. As growth and metabolism of T. harzianum are requirements for antagonism, the impact of wheat bran, added as an organic nutrient source for T. harzianum, was investigated. The presence of T. harzianum in root-free soil reduced root colonization by G. intraradices. The external hyphal length density of G. intraradices was reduced by the presence of T. harzianum in combination with wheat bran, but the living hyphal biomass, measured as the content of a membrane fatty acid, was not reduced. Hyphal 33P transport by G. intraradices also was not affected by T. harzianum. This suggests that T. harzianum exploited the dead mycelium but not the living biomass of G. intraradices. The presence of external mycelium of G. intraradices suppressed T. harzianum population development and GUS activity. Stimulation of the hyphal biomass ofG. intraradices by organic amendment suggests that nutrient competition is a likely means of interaction. In conclusion, it seemed that growth of and phosphorus uptake by the external mycelium ofG. intraradices were not affected by the antagonistic fungus T. harzianum; in contrast, T. harzianumwas adversely affected by G. intraradices.

scholarly journals Co-ordinated Changes in the Accumulation of Metal Ions in Maize (Zea mays ssp. mays L.) in Response to Inoculation with the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Funneliformis mosseae

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 1689-1699 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Rosario Ram�rez-Flores ◽  
Rub�n Rell�n-�lvarez ◽  
Barbara Wozniak ◽  
Mesfin-Nigussie Gebreselassie ◽  
Iver Jakobsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Funneliformis Mosseae
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