scholarly journals The effect of perinatal brain injury on dopaminergic function and hippocampal volume in adult life

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Froudist-Walsh ◽  
Michael A.P. Bloomfield ◽  
Mattia Veronese ◽  
Jasmin Kroll ◽  
Vyacheslav Karolis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Dopamine Synthesis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Perinatal Brain Injury ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Very Preterm Birth ◽  
Injury Group ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractBackgroundVery preterm birth (<32 weeks of gestation) is associated with long-lasting brain alterations and an increased risk of psychiatric disorders associated with dopaminergic abnormalities. Preclinical studies have shown perinatal brain injuries, including hippocampal lesions, cause lasting changes in dopamine function, but it is not known if this occurs in humans. The purpose of this study was to determine whether very preterm birth and perinatal brain injury were associated with altered dopamine synthesis and reduced hippocampal volume in humans in adulthood.MethodsWe compared adults who were born very preterm with associated perinatal brain injury to adults born very preterm without perinatal brain injury, and age-matched controls born at full term using [18F]-DOPA PET and structural MRI imaging.ResultsDopamine synthesis capacity was significantly reduced in the perinatal brain injury group relative to both the group born very preterm without brain injury (Cohen’s d=1.36, p=0.02) and the control group (Cohen’s d=1.07, p=0.01). Hippocampal volume was reduced in the perinatal brain injury group relative to controls (Cohen’s d = 1.17, p = 0.01). There was a significant correlation between hippocampal volume and striatal dopamine synthesis capacity (r = 0.344, p= 0.03).ConclusionsPerinatal brain injury, but not very preterm birth without macroscopic brain injury, is associated with persistent alterations in dopaminergic function and reductions in hippocampal volume. This is the first evidence in humans linking neonatal hippocampal injury to adult dopamine dysfunction, and has implications for understanding the mechanism underlying cognitive impairments and neuropsychiatric disorders following very preterm birth.

scholarly journals The effect of perinatal brain injury on dopaminergic function and hippocampal volume in adult life

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Froudist-Walsh ◽  
Michael AP Bloomfield ◽  
Mattia Veronese ◽  
Jasmin Kroll ◽  
Vyacheslav R Karolis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Dopamine Synthesis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Perinatal Brain Injury ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
Injury Group ◽  
Cohen's D

Perinatal brain injuries, including hippocampal lesions, cause lasting changes in dopamine function in rodents, but it is not known if this occurs in humans. We compared adults who were born very preterm with perinatal brain injury to those born very preterm without perinatal brain injury, and age-matched controls born at full term using [18F]-DOPA PET and structural MRI. Dopamine synthesis capacity was reduced in the perinatal brain injury group relative to those without brain injury (Cohen’s d = 1.36, p=0.02) and the control group (Cohen’s d = 1.07, p=0.01). Hippocampal volume was reduced in the perinatal brain injury group relative to controls (Cohen’s d = 1.17, p=0.01) and was positively correlated with striatal dopamine synthesis capacity (r = 0.344, p=0.03). This is the first evidence in humans linking neonatal hippocampal injury to adult dopamine dysfunction, and provides a potential mechanism linking early life risk factors to adult mental illness.

scholarly journals Neonatal Brain Injury and Neuroanatomy of Memory Processing following Very Preterm Birth in Adulthood: An fMRI Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. e34858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia K. Kalpakidou ◽  
Matthew P. Allin ◽  
Muriel Walshe ◽  
Vincent Giampietro ◽  
Kie-woo Nam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Neonatal Brain ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Neonatal Brain Injury ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Very Preterm Birth ◽  
Fmri Study

Neuroprotection for Premature Birth and Neonatal Brain Injury

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Chang
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Neonatal Brain ◽  
Perinatal Brain Injury ◽  
Neonatal Brain Injury ◽  
Newborn Brain ◽  
Increased Risk

Preterm birth is associated with increased risk of perinatal brain injury. Although there has been little headway made in reducing preterm birth rates, survival of infants born prematurely has improved greatly. Because of this, the neurodevelopmental consequences related to prematurity have become significant issues, especially in those infants born at less than 32 weeks gestation. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy commonly leads to neonatal brain injury both before and after delivery. While perinatal birth asphyxia accounts for a proportion of neonatal brain injury in neonates younger than 37 weeks, preterm birth is the more significant risk factor. This chapter explores the neurodevelopmental consequences associated with preterm birth, the pathophysiology of perinatal brain injury, and the imaging modalities used to assess the newborn brain. Finally, various neuroprotective interventions in clinical use and in development will be described.

scholarly journals Maternal pregestational glucose level and adverse neonatal outcomes: a population-based retrospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyao Zeng ◽  
Yang He ◽  
Min Li ◽  
Liu Yang ◽  
Qianxi Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Very Preterm Birth ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Adverse Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background: Women with diabetes or hyperglycemia during the pregnancy have been proved to be at increased risk for adverse outcomes such as primary cesarean section rate and macrosomia. However, a lack of studies have focused on the maternal glucose level prior to the pregnancy and the effect of maternal pregestational hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia on pregnancy outcomes is unclear. Hence, we conducted this study to investigate the association between maternal pregestational fasting blood glucose level and adverse neonatal outcomes.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in the Chongqing Municipality of China between April 2010 and December 2016. A total of 54365 women with their live birth singletons from all 39 counties of Chongqing who participated in the National Free Preconception Health Examination Project were included. They all took a once fasting glucose testing within one year prior to pregnancy and without a definite diagnosis of diabetes at that point. Our primary outcomes were preterm birth, very preterm birth, macrosomia, large for gestational age (LGA), low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA). Results: Of the 54365 women, 2813 (5.17%) were hypoglycemia, 48400 (89.03%) were normoglycemia, 2582 (4.75%) had impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and 570 (1.05%) were diabetic hyperglycemia. Compared to the normoglycemia group, women with pregestational glucose at the diabetic level had a higher rate of macrosomia (4.16% vs. 6.18%), while impaired fasting glucose group seemed to be associated with decreased risks for preterm birth (7.38% vs. 5.78%), very preterm birth (1.25% vs. 0.74%), LBW (1.18% vs. 0.59%) and SGA (5.92% vs. 4.29%), p<.05 for all. No significant difference was found between hypoglycemia and normoglycemia in the neonatal outcomes. After adjusting for potential confounders, pregestational diabetic hyperglycemia was remained significantly associated with an increased risk for macrosomia (aRR, 1.49; 95%CI, 1.07-2.09). Conclusion: Though without an overt diabetes mellitus, women with once diabetic fasting glucose level during their preconception examinations were still associated with an increased risk for macrosomia. Once fasting glucose within one year before pregnancy might also be considered as an early sign to help the obstetricians to prejudge and control the risk of macrosomia in advance.

scholarly journals MATERNAL DEPRESSION FOLLOWING VERY PRETERM BIRTH † 1584

1996 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 266-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Hagan ◽  
Sherryl Pope ◽  
Sharon Evans ◽  
Sue Priest ◽  
Rosie Rooney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Very Preterm Birth

scholarly journals Country of first birth and neonatal outcomes in migrant and Norwegian-born parous women in Norway: a population-based study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eline Skirnisdottir Vik ◽  
Roy Miodini Nilsen ◽  
Vigdis Aasheim ◽  
Rhonda Small ◽  
Dag Moster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Migrant Women ◽  
First Birth ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Very Preterm Birth ◽  
Adverse Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Moderately Preterm

Abstract Background: This study compares subsequent birth outcomes in migrant women who had already had a child before arriving in Norway with those in migrant women whose first birth occurred in Norway. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between country of first birth and adverse neonatal outcomes (very preterm birth, moderately preterm birth, post-term birth, small for gestational age, large for gestational age, low Apgar score, stillbirth and neonatal death) in parous migrant and Norwegian-born women. Methods: National population-based study including second and subsequent singleton births in Norway from 1990-2016. Data were retrieved from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway and Statistics Norway. Neonatal outcomes were compared between births to: 1) migrant women with a first birth before immigration to Norway (n=30,062) versus those with a first birth after immigration (n=66,006), and 2) Norwegian-born women with a first birth outside Norway (n=6,205) versus those with a first birth in Norway (n=514,799). Associations were estimated as crude and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using multiple logistic regression. Results: Migrant women with a first birth before immigrating to Norway had increased odds of adverse outcomes in subsequent births relative to those with a first birth after immigration: very preterm birth (22-31 gestational weeks (gwks); aOR=1.27; CI 1.09-1.48), moderately preterm birth (32-36 gwks; aOR=1.10; CI 1.02-1.18), post-term birth (≥42 gwks; aOR=1.19; CI 1.11-1.27), low Apgar score (<7 at 5 minutes; aOR=1.27; CI 1.16-1.39) and stillbirth (aOR=1.29; CI 1.05-1.58). Similar results were found in the sample of births to Norwegian-born women. Conclusions: The increased odds of adverse neonatal outcomes for migrant and Norwegian-born women who had their first births outside Norway should serve as a reminder of the importance of taking a careful obstetric history in these parous women to ensure appropriate care for their subsequent pregnancies and births in Norway. Keywords: immigration, parous women, neonatal outcomes, obstetric history, predictor

scholarly journals Perinatal factors associated with initiation of breastfeeding following very preterm birth < 29 weeks

2022 ◽  
Vol 226 (1) ◽  
pp. S455
Author(s):  
Meg Raymond ◽  
Christy Pylypjuk ◽  
Molly Seshia ◽  
Ruben Alvaro ◽  
Michael Helewa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Perinatal Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Very Preterm Birth ◽  
Initiation Of Breastfeeding
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