scholarly journals Model based safety ranking of opioid drugs using Adversity index

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Asvalayana ◽  
Samadhan Ghubade ◽  
Sharayu Paranjpe ◽  
Anil Gore
Keyword(s):  
Rate Constant ◽  
Exponential Function ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Opioid Drugs ◽  
Suitable Index

AbstractAnnual ADR report counts of opioid drugs are examined to develop a candidate index of overall safety of a drug. Actual counts for various drugs have been sourced from www.vigiaccess.org. A feature found to be common to all drugs considered is that an exponential function adequately describes the pattern of cumulative counts. In the exponential model, the parameter in the exponent (rate constant) is robust and remains the same whether counts are corrected for exposure or not. We propose use of this rate constant as ‘adversity index’ of a drug. Drugs in use can be ranked by value of adversity index, lower value suggesting safer drug.Key pointsCumulative total of annual ADR report counts of opioid drugs follows an exponential pattern. Rate constant in the model is independent of volume of use of the drug. Hence it is a suitable index of overall safety.

scholarly journals Dynamics of platelet-activating-factor release and uptake in a human neutrophil suspension

1991 ◽  
Vol 278 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Cluzel ◽  
C A Rohde ◽  
D W MacGlashan ◽  
B J Undem ◽  
F H Chilton
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Uptake ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Exponential Function ◽  
Human Neutrophil ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Mathematical Functions ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Zero Baseline ◽  
Factor Release

The present study has examined the dynamics of platelet-activating-factor (PAF) synthesis, release and uptake in order to understand better the trafficking of PAF between cells and medium. Initial experiments indicated that the amount of PAF found on the outside of the cell remained constant well after the synthesis from a precursor had apparently stopped, and in spite of a continued capacity of the cell to take up and catabolize PAF. These results suggested that PAF produced and stored within the cell is eventually released to the outside of the cell at a rate proportional to that of cellular uptake. In order to estimate the amount of PAF released from the cell, the processes of PAF release and uptake were modelled using simple mathematical functions. It was found that, under the experimental conditions used in this study, the uptake of PAF could be expressed as an exponential function tending to a non-zero baseline. Utilizing this rate constant for the uptake of PAF with the amount of PAF outside the cell, the amount of total PAF released from the cell was estimated. Data from the model suggested PAF was released in amounts 10-fold higher than could actually be measured over 30 min. In fact, the model predicted more PAF could be released from the cell than is synthesized, suggesting that a portion of the PAF which is released is taken up and then released again to the outside of the cell. The potential for PAF and/or its intermediates to be recycled was verified by demonstrating that a large proportion of exogenously provided 1-alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is taken up by the neutrophil, converted into PAF and then released again by the cell. These results suggest that PAF trafficking between the cell and medium is complex and involves many processes, which include synthesis, release, uptake, catabolism and recycling.

The Hardness Changing Regularity of Quenched-Steel in Tempering Process and Its Double-Exponential Model

2010 ◽  
Vol 146-147 ◽  
pp. 1578-1582
Author(s):  
Cong Sheng Guo ◽  
Shu Ming Long ◽  
Hai Wa Bo ◽  
Hong Bin Tan
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Exponential Function ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Physical Metallurgy ◽  
Double Exponential ◽  
Quenched Steel ◽  
Double Exponential Function ◽  
Tempering Process

The transformation of tempering for quenched steel corresponded to complicated process of phase transformation, and mechanical properties of quenched-and-tempered steel were related to the phase transformation. In practice, hardness test was adopted to judge whether the properties of tempered-parts qualified because of its facility. Numerous researches indicated that, there existed correlativity expressed by different function forms between tempering hardness of quenched-steel and its tempering parameters. However, considering physical metallurgy of tempering process, the adoption of double-exponential function would help to describe regularity of hardness changing more exactly for quenched-steel during tempering process. Additionally, results of hardness tests for isothermal tempering and molding/simulation researches have shown that, the model of double-exponential function, which can reflect decline law of tempering hardness for quenched-steel, would provide basis for optimization design of tempering parameters, performance prediction of tempered-parts, and energy-saving heat-treatment on tempering process.

scholarly journals Two-Phase Exponential Model of Wealth Distribution

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-52
Author(s):  
Ognjen Radović ◽  
Zoran Tomić ◽  
Jelena Z. Stanković
Keyword(s):  
Exponential Function ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Statistical Physics ◽  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Pareto Principle ◽  
Function Model ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Scientific Fields

AbstractThe topic of wealth and money distribution attracts great attention of economists, as well as researchers from other scientific fields, such as statistical physics and econophysics. An increasing number of models and simulations are being created in order to understand the process of wealth distribution and reaching the steady state of the distribution system. Also, the number of papers dealing with analysis and determining the distribution proportion is constantly growing, and, unlike the previous years, when the Pareto principle was “80-20”, today that principle could be “90-10”and even “90-20”. In this paper we present an agent-based simulation model derived from econophysics that describes the dynamics of wealth distribution. Two models of exponential function are tested: a one-phase model that uses the Newton’s law of cooling and a two-phase exponential function model. We found that exponential decreasing function adequately described the dynamics of wealth distribution, especially in the models without the possibility of borrowing money, and the validity of the Pareto principle “80-20” in these models could be confirmed.

scholarly journals The Model Based Behavior Driven Arithmetic Research

2012 ◽  
Vol 6-7 ◽  
pp. 1066-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Bao Song ◽  
Jun Yu Li ◽  
Qin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Filter ◽  
Behavior Model ◽  
Particle Track ◽  
Prediction Theory ◽  
Discrete Particle ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Trace Model ◽  
Similar Figure

This paper is based on the particle filter for discrete particle track prediction theory, analyses the motion of animation with the methods of picking key points and predicting motion trace by utilizing particle filter. The behavior model has been built for the already existing animation character. During the research, the thesis realized using existed animation motion trace model to drive a similar figure and create a new animation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document