scholarly journals The dynamic upper limit of human lifespan

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saul Newman ◽  
Easteal Simon
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Rounding Errors ◽  
Human Survival ◽  
Human Lifespan ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
Log Linear ◽  
Linear Regressions

AbstractWe respond to claims by Dong et al. that human lifespan is limited below 125 years. Using the log-linear increase in mortality rates with age to predict the upper limits of human survival we find, in contrast to Dong et al., that the limit to human lifespan is historically flexible and increasing. This discrepancy can be explained by Dong et al.’s use of data with variable sample sizes, age-biased rounding errors, and log(0) instead of log(1) values in linear regressions. Addressing these issues eliminates the proposed 125-year upper limit to human lifespan.

scholarly journals The dynamic upper limit of human lifespan

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saul Newman ◽  
Simon Easteal
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Rounding Errors ◽  
Human Survival ◽  
Human Lifespan ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
Log Linear ◽  
Linear Regressions

We respond to claims by Dong et al. that human lifespan is limited below 125 years. Using the log-linear increase in mortality rates with age to predict the upper limits of human survival we find, in contrast to Dong et al., that the limit to human lifespan is historically flexible and increasing. This discrepancy can be explained by Dong et al.’s use of data with variable sample sizes, age-biased rounding errors, and log(0) instead of log(1) values in linear regressions. Addressing these issues eliminates the proposed 125-year upper limit to human lifespan.

scholarly journals The dynamic upper limit of human lifespan

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 569
Author(s):  
Saul Newman ◽  
Simon Easteal
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Rounding Errors ◽  
Human Survival ◽  
Human Lifespan ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
Log Linear ◽  
Linear Regressions

We respond to claims by Dong et al. that human lifespan is limited below 125 years. Using the log-linear increase in mortality rates with age to predict the upper limits of human survival we find, in contrast to Dong et al., that the limit to human lifespan is historically flexible and increasing. This discrepancy can be explained by Dong et al.’s use of data with variable sample sizes, age-biased rounding errors, and log(0) instead of log(1) values in linear regressions. Addressing these issues eliminates the proposed 125-year upper limit to human lifespan.

Vitamin-A-Exzess durch Pferdefleischprodukte mit hohen Leberanteilen

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (01) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
E. Kienzle ◽  
N. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Eine Analyse ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Upper Limits

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen einer Eliminationsdiät wird regelmäßig Pferdefleisch eingesetzt. Aus Gründen der Praktikabilität verwenden Tierbesitzer häufig kommerziell erhältliches Pferdefleisch aus der Dose. Aufgrund eines Berichts von Zervikalspondylosen bei einer auf Futtermittel allergischen Katze erfolgte eine Analyse verschiedener auf Pferdefleisch basierender Produkte hinsichtlich des Vitamin-AGehalts.In 14 Pferdefleischerzeugnissen wurde der Vitamin-A-Gehalt (Retinol) analysiert. Der Gehalt an umsetzbarer Energie wurde mithilfe von Schätzformeln auf Basis der Deklaration berechnet.In Produkten mit deklarierten Anteilen von Leber, Innereien oder tierischen Nebenprodukten konnten zum Teil erhebliche Vitamin-A-Gehalte festgestellt werden. Bei alleiniger Verfütterung eines dieser Produkte (Deckung des durchschnittlichen Energiebedarfs) würde die Vitamin-A-Versorgung nur knapp unter dem Safe Upper Limit der Katze sowie oberhalb des Safe Upper Limits beim Hund liegen.Bei All-Meat-Produkten sollte nicht nur die Deklaration, sondern auch der Inhalt näher betrachtet werden, um einen Hinweis auf eventuell hohe Leberanteile zu erhalten.Aufgrund der Ergebnisse ist eine exzessive Vitamin-A-Aufnahme bei langfristiger Verfütterung von Pferdefleischprodukten mit hohen Leberanteilen nicht auszuschließen.

scholarly journals Search for π0 decays to invisible particles

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Cortina Gil ◽  
◽  
A. Kleimenova ◽  
E. Minucci ◽  
S. Padolski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higgs Boson ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Branching Ratio ◽  
Standard Model Higgs Boson ◽  
Scalar Mixing ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Model Independent

Abstract The NA62 experiment at the CERN SPS reports a study of a sample of 4 × 109 tagged π0 mesons from K+ → π+π0(γ), searching for the decay of the π0 to invisible particles. No signal is observed in excess of the expected background fluctuations. An upper limit of 4.4 × 10−9 is set on the branching ratio at 90% confidence level, improving on previous results by a factor of 60. This result can also be interpreted as a model- independent upper limit on the branching ratio for the decay K+ → π+X, where X is a particle escaping detection with mass in the range 0.110–0.155 GeV/c2 and rest lifetime greater than 100 ps. Model-dependent upper limits are obtained assuming X to be an axion-like particle with dominant fermion couplings or a dark scalar mixing with the Standard Model Higgs boson.

scholarly journals Upper limits on the extent of seafloor anoxia during the PETM from uranium isotopes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew O. Clarkson ◽  
Timothy M. Lenton ◽  
Morten B. Andersen ◽  
Marie-Laure Bagard ◽  
Alexander J. Dickson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Uranium Isotopes ◽  
Biogeochemical Model ◽  
Emission Scenarios ◽  
Isotope Data ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Thermal Maximum ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
Anoxic Events

AbstractThe Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) represents a major carbon cycle and climate perturbation that was associated with ocean de-oxygenation, in a qualitatively similar manner to the more extensive Mesozoic Oceanic Anoxic Events. Although indicators of ocean de-oxygenation are common for the PETM, and linked to biotic turnover, the global extent and temporal progression of de-oxygenation is poorly constrained. Here we present carbonate associated uranium isotope data for the PETM. A lack of resolvable perturbation to the U-cycle during the event suggests a limited expansion of seafloor anoxia on a global scale. We use this result, in conjunction with a biogeochemical model, to set an upper limit on the extent of global seafloor de-oxygenation. The model suggests that the new U isotope data, whilst also being consistent with plausible carbon emission scenarios and observations of carbon cycle recovery, permit a maximum ~10-fold expansion of anoxia, covering <2% of seafloor area.

scholarly journals Reactive quenching of electronically excited NO<sub>2</sub><sup>∗</sup> and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>∗</sup> by H<sub>2</sub>O as potential sources of atmospheric HO<sub><i>x</i></sub> radicals

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 14005-14015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry J. Dillon ◽  
John N. Crowley
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Laser Excitation ◽  
Pulsed Laser ◽  
Work Rate ◽  
Rate Coefficients ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Gas Phase Reaction ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
Electronically Excited

Abstract. Pulsed laser excitation of NO2 (532–647 nm) or NO3 (623–662 nm) in the presence of H2O was used to initiate the gas-phase reaction NO2∗+H2O → products (Reaction R5) and NO3∗+H2O → products (Reaction R12). No evidence for OH production in Reactions (R5) or (R12) was observed and upper limits for OH production of k5b/k5<1×10-5 and k12b/k12<0.03 were assigned. The upper limit for k5b∕k5 renders this reaction insignificant as a source of OH in the atmosphere and extends the studies (Crowley and Carl, 1997; Carr et al., 2009; Amedro et al., 2011) which demonstrate that the previously reported large OH yield by Li et al. (2008) was erroneous. The upper limit obtained for k12b∕k12 indicates that non-reactive energy transfer is the dominant mechanism for Reaction (R12), though generation of small but significant amounts of atmospheric HOx and HONO cannot be ruled out. In the course of this work, rate coefficients for overall removal of NO3∗ by N2 (Reaction R10) and by H2O (Reaction R12) were determined: k10=(2.1±0.1)×10-11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 and k12=(1.6±0.3)×10-10 cm3 molecule−1 s−1. Our value of k12 is more than a factor of 4 smaller than the single previously reported value.

scholarly journals DIGITAL DIVIDE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES: AN ANALYSIS OF INFLUENCING FACTORS USING THE TOE THEORY

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
CESAR ALEXANDRE DE SOUZA ◽  
ÉRICA SOUZA SIQUEIRA ◽  
NICOLAU REINHARD
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Adoption Model ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Linear Regressions

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study describes the phenomenon of digital divide in small and medium enterprises in Brazil by means of an indicator of ICTs use in these organizations. Originality/gap/relevance/implications: There are several studies on the adoption of ICTs by organizations, however rare are those that explore the topic using the concept of digital divide. This study addresses the second order digital divide, related to the effective use of ICTs by companies. Key methodological aspects: The study was carried out based on a sample of 3,231 companies participating in the "TIC Empresas" survey of 2014 (published in 2015). By means of structural equations, an index was created to measure the intensity of the ICTs use in organizations and factors that affect it were verified through linear regressions. Summary of key results: The first result concerns the feasibility of an index that measures the ICTs use. Then, when analyzing its distribution, we can see the discrepancy of values between companies in relation to their size. The regression analysis indicates that the access to technology and the Internet, as well as ICTs skills and attitudes are factors correlated to a more intense use of ICTs by organizations. Key considerations/conclusions: Digital divide is a phenomenon related to high enterprise mortality rates and low productivity in small and medium-sized enterprises. This study outlines a possible way to study this phenomenon, integrating an adoption model (TOE) and a model of ICTs use in the context of second order digital divide.

Ingestion and survival of Y. pseudotuberculosis in HeLa cells

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1997-2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Åke Bovallius ◽  
Gustaf Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Intracellular Bacteria ◽  
Antibody Staining ◽  
Upper Limit

HeLa cells were infected with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis for 0.5–3 h. Intracellular bacteria could then be demonstrated by three different techniques: viable count, fluorescent-antibody staining, and electron microscopy. Most of the bacteria seemed to be viable, since there was a good positive correlation (0.94) between viable and fluorescent bacteria. The bacterial uptake seemed to be mediated by a phagocytic-like procedure. The intracellular bacteria seemed to reside in vacuoles some of which increased in size as a function of time. The kinetics of infection was studied after addition of 107 or 109 bacteria per cell culture (2 × 106 cells). After a lag period of about 30 min there was a linear increase of intracellular bacteria, and this uptake proceeded for 1–2 h until most of the bacteria were ingested or an upper limit of ingested bacteria was reached. The upper limit was calculated to be a mean of 60 per infected cell in the cell culture. More than 90% of the cells could be infected and a reasonable number of the bacteria survive in the cells for at least 3 days, as demonstrated by the viable-count technique.The bacteria–cell system may be used to study, for example, the effect of antibiotics or antibodies on intracellular bacteria and pathogenicity of intracellular diseases.

scholarly journals Hypertension and coronary artery disease in non-insulin dependent diabetes--cause and effect?

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. S126
Author(s):  
J S Yudkin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Log Linear

There is a log-linear increase in the risk of coronary heart disease with elevation of levels of blood pressure. Allowing for the phenomenon of regression dilution bias, this corresponds to around a 20 to 25% increase in risk for each 5 to 6 mm Hg elevation in usual diastolic blood pressure. In diabetic subjects, a similar relationship occurs, but of somewhat lesser degree. Recent overviews of therapy suggest that in nondiabetics, reducing blood pressure reverses around 50% of the excess coronary heart disease risk, but this has not yet been conclusively shown in patients with diabetes. The reduction in risk with therapy is a prerequisite to defining the antecedent as a causal influence on outcome, but it is as likely that the incomplete reversibility of excess risk represents other pathways of connection between hypertension and coronary heart disease as a consequent of iatrogenic effects of current treatments. Several alternative mechanisms are outlined, and the suggestion is made that only in the context of randomized controlled studies could the possible benefits on coronary heart disease of agents influencing such mechanisms be assessed.

Stemmen in Vlaanderen op 13 december 1987 : Een statistische analyse

Res Publica ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-50
Author(s):  
Marc Swyngedouw ◽  
Jaak Billiet
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
The Political ◽  
Voting Behaviour ◽  
National Elections ◽  
Statistische Analyse ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Linear Modelling ◽  
Log Linear

Taking into account the limits of such data, this study analyses the shifts in voting behaviour from the national elections in 1985 to those in 1987 in Flanders, using log-linear modelling. The use of data from poll surveys for estimating shifts between subsequent elections poses some methodological problems.The second part presents the results of the analysis. About 13,51 % of -the 1985-voters switched. Although there are significant shifts between all the political parties, the Christian Democratic Party (CVP) loses on all fronts. A log-linear analysis of party-reference by sex, age and occupational status shows the strength and weakness of each party in different societal categories. In conclusion, an interpretation of the shifts is proposed. The following factors can account for the major shifts : the desintegration of the catholic pillar, the emergence of a dual society, the affinity between neo-liberalism and yuppie-culture and the conflict between the language communities.

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