scholarly journals A Systematic Nomenclature for the Drosophila Ventral Nervous System

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Court ◽  
Shigehiro Namiki ◽  
J Douglas Armstrong ◽  
Jana Börner ◽  
Gwyneth Card ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Insect Brain ◽  
Nomenclature System ◽  
Motor Circuits ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
Systematic Nomenclature ◽  
Uniform Nomenclature ◽  
Thoracic And Abdominal

AbstractThe fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is an established and powerful model system for neuroscience research with wide relevance in biology and medicine. Until recently, research on the Drosophila brain was hindered by the lack of a complete and uniform nomenclature. Recognising this problem, the Insect Brain Name Working Group produced an authoritative hierarchical nomenclature system for the adult insect brain, using Drosophila melanogaster as the reference framework, with other taxa considered to ensure greater consistency and expandability (Ito et al., 2014). Here, we extend this nomenclature system to the sub-gnathal regions of the adult Drosophila nervous system, thus providing a systematic anatomical description of the ventral nervous system (VNS). This portion of the nervous system includes the thoracic and abdominal neuromeres that were not included in the original work and contains the motor circuits that play essential roles in most fly behaviours.

scholarly journals Neural basis of hunger-driven behaviour in Drosophila

Open Biology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 180259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suewei Lin ◽  
Bhagyashree Senapati ◽  
Chang-Hui Tsao
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Model System ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Motivational State ◽  
Psychological Sense ◽  
Food Seeking ◽  
Behavioural Repertoire ◽  
Feeding Behaviours

Hunger is a motivational state that drives eating and food-seeking behaviour. In a psychological sense, hunger sets the goal that guides an animal in the pursuit of food. The biological basis underlying this purposive, goal-directed nature of hunger has been under intense investigation. With its rich behavioural repertoire and genetically tractable nervous system, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has emerged as an excellent model system for studying the neural basis of hunger and hunger-driven behaviour. Here, we review our current understanding of how hunger is sensed, encoded and translated into foraging and feeding behaviours in the fruit fly.

scholarly journals The Effects of Central Nervous System Stimulants on Drosophila melanogaster Reproduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blake McMahon ◽  
Julia Willsie
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Human Fetuses ◽  
Stimulant Drugs ◽  
Central Nervous System Stimulants ◽  
The World ◽  
Experimental Populations

AbstractStimulant drugs are used everyday by people around the world. The effect stimulants have on developing human fetuses is widely unknown. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has become a valuable system to model the complex effects and properties of drugs in mammals. In this study, Drosophila is used to analyze the effects of stimulant exposure on reproduction to determine if stimulants cause a significant decrease in the number of offspring produced by parent generations. Caffeine, nicotine, and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride were found to significantly decrease the number of offspring in experimental populations. Further experimentation is necessary to understand the mechanisms underlying these results.

scholarly journals Hox dosage contributes to flight appendage morphology in Drosophila

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Paul ◽  
Guillaume Giraud ◽  
Katrin Domsch ◽  
Marilyne Duffraisse ◽  
Frédéric Marmigère ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Hox Genes ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Wing Morphology ◽  
Hox Proteins ◽  
Spatial Expression ◽  
Flying Insects

AbstractFlying insects have invaded all the aerial space on Earth and this astonishing radiation could not have been possible without a remarkable morphological diversification of their flight appendages. Here, we show that characteristic spatial expression profiles and levels of the Hox genes Antennapedia (Antp) and Ultrabithorax (Ubx) underlie the formation of two different flight organs in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. We further demonstrate that flight appendage morphology is dependent on specific Hox doses. Interestingly, we find that wing morphology from evolutionary distant four-winged insect species is also associated with a differential expression of Antp and Ubx. We propose that variation in the spatial expression profile and dosage of Hox proteins is a major determinant of flight appendage diversification in Drosophila and possibly in other insect species during evolution.

scholarly journals Quantitative investigation reveals distinct phases in Drosophila sleep

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaochan Xu ◽  
Wei Yang ◽  
Binghui Tian ◽  
Xiuwen Sui ◽  
Weilai Chi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Genetic Dissection ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
Quantitative Investigation ◽  
Waking Up ◽  
Set Up

AbstractThe fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has been used as a model organism for the molecular and genetic dissection of sleeping behaviors. However, most previous studies were based on qualitative or semi-quantitative characterizations. Here we quantified sleep in flies. We set up an assay to continuously track the activity of flies using infrared camera, which monitored the movement of tens of flies simultaneously with high spatial and temporal resolution. We obtained accurate statistics regarding the rest and sleep patterns of single flies. Analysis of our data has revealed a general pattern of rest and sleep: the rest statistics obeyed a power law distribution and the sleep statistics obeyed an exponential distribution. Thus, a resting fly would start to move again with a probability that decreased with the time it has rested, whereas a sleeping fly would wake up with a probability independent of how long it had slept. Resting transits to sleeping at time scales of minutes. Our method allows quantitative investigations of resting and sleeping behaviors and our results provide insights for mechanisms of falling into and waking up from sleep.

scholarly journals A Systematic Nomenclature for the Insect Brain

Neuron ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei Ito ◽  
Kazunori Shinomiya ◽  
Masayoshi Ito ◽  
J. Douglas Armstrong ◽  
George Boyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Brain ◽  
Systematic Nomenclature

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal expression of Prospero is finely tuned to allow the correct development and function of the nervous system in Drosophila melanogaster

2007 ◽  
Vol 304 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laure Guenin ◽  
Yaël Grosjean ◽  
Stéphane Fraichard ◽  
Angel Acebes ◽  
Fawzia Baba-Aissa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Temporal Expression ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
And Function
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