scholarly journals Physical activity phenotyping with activity bigrams, and their association with BMI

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise AC Millard ◽  
Kate Tilling ◽  
Debbie A Lawlor ◽  
Peter A Flach ◽  
Tom R Gaunt
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
List Type ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Vigorous Activity ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Health Advice ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study

ABSTRACTBackgroundAnalysis of physical activity usually focuses on a small number of summary statistics derived from accelerometer recordings: average counts per minute, and the proportion of time spent in moderate-vigorous physical activity or in sedentary behaviour. We show how bigrams, a concept from the field of text mining, can be used to describe how a person’s activity levels change across (brief) time points. These variables can, for instance, differentiate between two people with the same time in moderate activity, where one person often stays in moderate activity from one moment to the next and the other does not.MethodsWe use data on 4810 participants of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). We generate a profile of bigram frequencies for each participant and test the association of each frequency with body mass index (BMI), as an exemplar.ResultsWe found several associations between changes in bigram frequencies and BMI. For instance, a 1 standard deviation decrease in the number of adjacent minutes in sedentary then moderate activity (or vice versa), with a corresponding increase in the number of adjacent minutes in moderate then vigorous activity (or vice versa), was associated with a 2.36 kg/m2 lower BMI [95% CI: -3.47, -1.26], after accounting for the time spent at sedentary, low, moderate and vigorous activity.ConclusionsActivity bigrams are novel variables that capture how a person’s activity changes from one moment to the next. These variables can be used to investigate how sequential activity patterns associate with other traits.Key MessagesEpidemiologists typically use only a small number of variables to analyse the association of physical activity with other traits, such as the average counts per minute and the proportion of time spent in moderate-vigorous physical activity or being sedentary.We demonstrate how activity bigrams can be used as a set of interpretable variables describing how a person’s activity levels change from one moment to the next.Testing the association of activity bigrams with exposures or outcomes can help us gain further understanding of how physical activity is associated with other traits; with further research they might provide evidence for more refined public health advice.

scholarly journals Youth Physical Activity Patterns During School and Out-of-School Time

Children ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Saint-Maurice ◽  
Yang Bai ◽  
Spyridoula Vazou ◽  
Gregory Welk
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Discrete Time ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
After School ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
School Students ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Out Of School

This study describes age, sex, and season patterns in children’s physical activity behaviors during discrete time periods, both in school and at home. Participants were 135 elementary, 67 middle, and 89 high-school students (128 boys and 163 girls) involved in a larger school activity monitoring project. We examined time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) at recess, physical education (PE), lunch, commuting to/from school, before-school, after-school, evening, and weekend segments. Differences in MVPA by age, sex, and season were examined using a three-way analysis of variance and separately for each individual segment. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels varied by context and were higher during recess (15.4 ± 8.5 min) while at school, and on Saturdays (97.4 ± 89.5 min) when youth were out-of-school. Elementary children were more active than their older counterparts only during lunch time, after-school, and Sunday (p < 0.05). Boys were consistently more active than girls at all segments. Participants were only more active during non-winter than winter months during PE (p = 0.006), after-school (p < 0.001), and Sunday (p = 0.008) segments. These findings showed that activity levels in youth vary during the day and season. The segments reflect discrete time periods that can potentially be targeted and evaluated to promote physical activity in this population.

scholarly journals Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Patterns in Taiwanese Adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (22) ◽  
pp. 4392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Yi Wang ◽  
Yu-Ling Hsieh ◽  
Ming-Chun Hsueh ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Yung Liao
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
After School ◽  
Behavior Patterns ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
School Time ◽  
Sedentary Bouts

Levels of physical activity and sedentary behavior among adolescents seem to vary within different settings, but few Asian studies have compared physical activity and sedentary activity patterns in adolescents across weekdays/weekends and during-school time/after-school time. This study aimed to provide objectively measured data describing intensity-specific physical activity and sedentary behavior patterns in Taiwanese adolescents. The results were sorted by gender and divided between weekdays/weekends and during-school time/after-school time. A total of 470 Taiwanese students (49.6% boys, ages 12–15 y) were recruited and fitted with GT3X+ accelerometers for seven days. Intensity-specific physical activity, total sedentary time, and sedentary bouts (number and duration ≥30 min) were measured. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to examine the significant differences in physical activity and sedentary behavior patterns between the genders on weekdays/weekends and during school/after-school time. The results show that the adolescents’ overall activity levels were below recommended thresholds, with girls engaging in significantly less moderate to vigorous physical activity, having longer sedentary time, longer time spent in sedentary bouts, and more frequent sedentary bouts than boys. Similar results were observed in physical activities of each intensity as well as sedentary behavior variables, both on weekdays/weekends and during-school/after-school periods. These findings emphasize the importance of developing and implementing approaches to increase moderate to vigorous physical activity, as well as decrease prolonged sedentary time and long sedentary bouts, especially for Taiwanese girls.

scholarly journals Continuous, objective measurement of physical activity during chemotherapy for breast cancer: the Activity in Treatment pilot study

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1031-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandahl H Nelson ◽  
Lauren S Weiner ◽  
Loki Natarajan ◽  
Barbara A Parker ◽  
Ruth E Patterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
Restricted Cubic Splines

Abstract Despite many potential benefits of physical activity during and after breast cancer treatment, activity levels typically decline from pre- to posttreatment. Most previous research has relied on self-reported activity. The purpose of this study were to assess patterns of daily, to objectively measured physical activity throughout chemotherapy for breast cancer, and to identify predictors of physical activity patterns. Participants were given a Fitbit before starting chemotherapy and asked to wear it throughout chemotherapy. Restricted cubic splines assessed nonlinear patterns of Fitbit measured total physical activity (TPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) throughout the duration of chemotherapy (mean = 17 weeks, standard deviation [SD] = 6.3). Mixed-effects regression models assessed the rate of physical activity decline. Regressions of subject-level random slope assessed predictors of the rate of physical activity decline on participant and cancer characteristics and self-reported physical and cognitive functioning. Participants (n = 32) were on average 50 years old; the majority had stage II breast cancer. MVPA declined linearly at a mean rate of 1.4 min/day (p = .002) for every 10% of chemotherapy completed, whereas TPA declined linearly at an average rate of 13.4 min/day (p = .0007) for every 10% of chemotherapy completed, until around halfway through chemotherapy, when activity rates leveled off. HER+ receptor status was associated with a greater rate of MVPA decline, β = 13.3, p = .04. This novel study of objectively measured daily MVPA throughout chemotherapy showed that most reductions in activity occurred during the first half of a course of chemotherapy. Targeting this early period of chemotherapy may be important for preventing declines in activity levels throughout chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Comparison of Patterns of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Between Children With Cerebral Palsy and Children With Typical Development

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
pp. 1609-1616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Ryan ◽  
Cuisle Forde ◽  
Juliette M. Hussey ◽  
John Gormley
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Vigorous Activity ◽  
Typical Development ◽  
Preadolescent Children ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy

Background Reduced participation in physical activity and increased time spent in sedentary behavior are associated with overweight, chronic disease, and disability. In order to optimize recommendations and interventions to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary behavior in children with cerebral palsy (CP), knowledge of their physical activity and sedentary behavior is needed. Objectives The aim of this study was to describe light, moderate, and vigorous physical activity and sedentary behavior in preadolescent children with and without CP and compare physical activity and sedentary behavior between the 2 groups. Design This was a cross-sectional study of 33 children, aged 6 to 10 years, with CP (Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] levels I–III) and 33 age- and sex-matched children with typical development. Methods Physical activity was measured using the RT3 accelerometer over 7 days. Results Children with CP spent more time in sedentary behavior and accumulated less total activity, moderate activity, vigorous activity, and sustained bouts of moderate-to-vigorous activity (MVPA). They also accumulated a fewer number of bouts of MVPA and vigorous activity, despite spending a similar amount of time in each bout. Limitations The small number of children in GMFCS levels II and III did not allow for adjustment for GMFCS level when comparing physical activity between children with and without CP. Conclusions Preadolescent children with CP spent less time in moderate and vigorous activity and more time in sedentary behavior than children with typical development. Children with CP also accumulated less continuous MVPA and vigorous activity as a result of achieving fewer sustained bouts of MVPA and vigorous activity throughout the day.

scholarly journals Objectively Quantified Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Predicting Visceral Adiposity and Liver Fat

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelley E. Keating ◽  
Helen M. Parker ◽  
Toby G. Pavey ◽  
Michael K. Baker ◽  
Ian D. Caterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Habitual Physical Activity ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Physical Activity Levels

Objective. Epidemiologic studies suggest an inverse relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and self-reported physical activity levels. However, subjective measurements can be inaccurate and prone to reporter bias. We investigated whether objectively quantified physical activity levels predicted liver fat and VAT in overweight/obese adults.Methods. Habitual physical activity was measured by triaxial accelerometry for four days (n=82). Time spent in sedentary behavior (MET < 1.6) and light (MET 1.6 < 3), moderate (MET 3 < 6), and vigorous (MET 6 < 9) physical activity was quantified. Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy were used to quantify visceral and liver fat. Bivariate correlations and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed.Results. There were no associations between physical activity or sedentary behavior and liver lipid. Sedentary behavior and moderate and vigorous physical activity accounted for just 3% of variance for VAT (p=0.14) and 0.003% for liver fat (p=0.96). Higher levels of VAT were associated with time spent in moderate activity (r=0.294,p=0.007), but there was no association with sedentary behavior. Known risk factors for obesity-related NAFLD accounted for 62% and 40% of variance in VAT and liver fat, respectively (p<0.01).Conclusion. Objectively measured levels of habitual physical activity and sedentary behavior did not influence VAT or liver fat.

scholarly journals Activity Patterns and Correlates among Youth: Differences by Weight Status

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendell C. Taylor ◽  
James F. Sallis ◽  
Marsha Dowda ◽  
Patty S. Freedson ◽  
Karen Eason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Twelfth Graders ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Significant Factors

The purposes of the study were to assess differences in physical activity levels and correlates of physical activity among overweight (‡ 85 th percentile of body mass index for their sex and age) and non-overweight (< 85th percentile) youth. The sample included 509 seventh through twelfth graders. Activity was measured by a 7-day, 46-item activity checklist. Overweight girls were more sedentary than non-overweight girls (p < .03), and non-overweight girls engaged in more vigorous physical activity than overweight girls (p < .03). For boys, there were no significant differences in activity. The regression analyses for vigorous activity yielded the largest total R2’s (R2 = .49 for overweight and R2 = .27 for non-overweight.) The significant factor for overweight youth was greater athletic coordination (p < .01). For non-overweight youth, the significant factors were greater family support (p < .05), greater peer support (p < .001), fewer barriers (p < .03), and greater athletic coordination (p < .01). Correlates of physical activity vary by weight status of young people.

scholarly journals Descriptive Epidemiology of Physical Activity in Adolescents

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell R. Pate ◽  
Barbara J. Long ◽  
Greg Heath
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Vigorous Activity ◽  
Descriptive Epidemiology ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines ◽  
Objective Monitoring ◽  
Number Of Males

This paper reviews the descriptive epidemiology of physical activity in adolescents. Large population-based studies were reviewed, along with smaller studies using objective monitoring of physical activity. Estimates showed that adolescents engage in physical activity of any intensity for a mean of one hour per day. Approximately two thirds of males and one quarter of females participate in moderate to vigorous activity for 20 min 3 or more days per week. Activity levels decline with increasing age across adolescence, and this decrease is more marked in females than in males. Comparison of these data to physical activity guidelines for adolescents suggests the vast majority are meeting the guideline of accumulating physical activity. However, a substantial number of males, and the majority of females, are not meeting the guideline for moderate to vigorous physical activity.

scholarly journals Association between physical activity patterns and sarcopenia in Arab men

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 030006052091869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaea Alkahtani ◽  
Osama Aljuhani ◽  
Maha Alhussain ◽  
Syed Shahid Habib
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physical Activity Patterns ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Arab Men

Objective In this study, we aimed to examine the association between physical activity patterns and sarcopenia in Arab men. Methods This cross-sectional study included 363 men (47.7 ± 15.4 years). We analyzed appendicular lean mass (ALM), handgrip strength test, and physical activity levels. ALM divided by height (meters) squared was calculated (ALM/Ht 2 ), and participants with −1 and −2 standard deviations below the sex-specific mean for Saudi young adults were considered to have sarcopenia class I and class II, respectively. Independent t-tests, analysis of variance, and Mann–Whitney U tests were performed to determine mean and median differences. Results We observed a significant difference between participants with and without sarcopenia in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA); the correlation between ALM/H2 and MVPA was borderline significant. With a 1-hour/week increase in MVPA, ALM/Ht 2 increased by 0.30 kg/m2. Total and ALM, handgrip strength, and MVPA were significantly lower in participants age >60 years; fat mass and waist circumference were unchanged as compared with middle-aged participants. Conclusions We identified an association between time spent in recreational MVPA and lean muscle mass among Arab men. Future studies should examine the role of MVPA training programs on muscle mass and strength in older men.

scholarly journals Association between physical activity and scoliosis: a prospective cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1152-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon H Tobias ◽  
Jeremy Fairbank ◽  
Ian Harding ◽  
Hilary J Taylor ◽  
Emma M Clark
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Physical Ability ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Idiopathic Adolescent Scoliosis ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
Dxa Scans ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study

Abstract Background Little is understood about the causes of adolescent onset idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). No prospective studies assessing the association between physical activity and idiopathic adolescent scoliosis have been carried out. We aimed to carry out the first prospective population-based study of this association. Methods The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) collected self-reported measures of physical ability/activity at ages 18 months and 10 years. Objective measures of physical activity were collected by accelerometry at age 11 years. scoliosis was identified using the dxa scoliosis Method at age 15 years. Participants with scoliosis at age 10 years were excluded. Results Of 4640 participants at age 15 years who had DXA scans, 267 (5.8%) had scoliosis. At age 18 months, those infants who were able to stand up without being supported were 66% less likely to have developed scoliosis by age 15 (P = 0.030) compared with infants who could not. Those children whose mothers reported they did most vigorous physical activity at age 10 years were 53% less likely to develop scoliosis (P = 0.027). Those children who did more objectively measured moderate/vigorous physical activity at age 11 were 30% less likely to have developed scoliosis (P &lt; 0.001). Results were not affected by adjustment for age, gender, lean mass, fat mass or back pain. Conclusions We report reduced physical ability and activity as early as age 18 months in those who go on to develop scoliosis by age 15 years. Further research is justified to examine the mechanisms underlying this association.

scholarly journals Differences in Physical Activity Levels between White and South Asian Children in the United Kingdom

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Duncan ◽  
Lorayne Woodfield ◽  
Yahya Al-Nakeeb ◽  
Alan M. Nevill
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Vigorous Activity ◽  
White Children ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Asian Children ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
The Uk

The purpose of this study was to compare physical activity levels between white and South Asian children in the UK. The data were obtained from 606, 11–14 year old schoolchildren (397 white; 209 Asian). Physical activity was assessed using the ‘four by one day’ recall questionnaire from which the time spent in moderate and vigorous physical activity was calculated. Boys were significantly more active than girls (p = .0001), and white children reported significantly greater physical activity than south Asian children (p = .001). Mean ± SD of time spent in moderate and vigorous activity was 90.2 ± 65.4 mins and 68.2 ± 49.3 mins for white and south Asian children and 103.5 ± 63.4 mins and 65.6 ± 53.5 mins for boys and girls respectively. These findings indicate that south Asian children are significantly less active than their white peers and there may be a need for specific interventions to target South Asian children particularly.

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