scholarly journals Are the neural correlates of consciousness in the front or in the back of the cerebral cortex? Clinical and neuroimaging evidence

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Boly ◽  
Marcello Massimini ◽  
Naotsugu Tsychiya ◽  
Bradley R. Postle ◽  
Christof Koch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Neural Correlates Of Consciousness

AbstractThe role of the frontal cortex in consciousness remains a matter of debate. In this Perspective, we will critically review the clinical and neuroimaging evidence for the involvement of the front versus back of the cortex in specifying conscious contents and discuss promising research avenues.

scholarly journals Evidence for an Active Role of Inferior Frontal Cortex in Conscious Experience

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veith Weilnhammer ◽  
Merve Fritsch ◽  
Meera Chikermane ◽  
Anna-Lena Eckert ◽  
Katharina Kanthak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Conscious Experience ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Bistable Perception ◽  
Inferior Frontal Cortex

2AbstractIn the search for the neural correlates of consciousness, it has remained controversial whether prefrontal cortex determines what is consciously experienced or, alternatively, serves only complementary functions such as introspection or action.Here, we provide converging evidence from computational modeling and two functional magnetic resonance imaging experiments for a key role of inferior frontal cortex in detecting perceptual conflicts that emerge from ambiguous sensory information. Crucially, the detection of perceptual conflicts by prefrontal cortex turned out to be critical in the process of transforming ambiguous sensory information into unambiguous conscious experiences: In a third experiment, disruption of neural activity in inferior frontal cortex through transcranial magnetic stimulation slowed down the updating of conscious experience that occurs in response to perceptual conflicts.These findings show that inferior frontal cortex actively contributes to the resolution of perceptual ambiguities. Prefrontal cortex is thus causally involved in determining the contents of conscious experience.3One-sentence SummaryInferior frontal cortex detects and resolves perceptual conflict during bistable perception.

scholarly journals Are the Neural Correlates of Consciousness in the Front or in the Back of the Cerebral Cortex? Clinical and Neuroimaging Evidence

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (40) ◽  
pp. 9603-9613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Boly ◽  
Marcello Massimini ◽  
Naotsugu Tsuchiya ◽  
Bradley R. Postle ◽  
Christof Koch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Neural Correlates Of Consciousness

Oligodendrocytes in Developing Hameter Cerebral Cortex

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 126-127
Author(s):  
MB. Tank Buschmann
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Sodium Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Sodium Cacodylate ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Layer V ◽  
Adult Hamster

Development of oligodendrocytes in rat corpus callosum was described as a sequential change in cytoplasmic density which progressed from light to medium to dark (1). In rat optic nerve, changes in cytoplasmic density were not observed, but significant changes in morphology occurred just prior to and during myelination (2). In our study, the ultrastructural development of oligodendrocytes was studied in newborn, 5-, 10-, 15-, 20-day and adult frontal cortex of the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus).Young and adult hamster brains were perfused with paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde in sodium cacodylate buffer at pH 7.3 according to the method of Peters (3). Tissue samples of layer V of the frontal cortex were post-fixed in 2% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in acetone and embedded in Epon-Araldite resin.

scholarly journals Pre-motor versus motor cerebral cortex neuromodulation for chronic neuropathic pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Lavrov ◽  
Timur Latypov ◽  
Elvira Mukhametova ◽  
Brian Lundstrom ◽  
Paola Sandroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Motor Cortex Stimulation ◽  
Chronic Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractElectrical stimulation of the cerebral cortex (ESCC) has been used to treat intractable neuropathic pain for nearly two decades, however, no standardized approach for this technique has been developed. In order to optimize targeting and validate the effect of ESCC before placing the permanent grid, we introduced initial assessment with trial stimulation, using a temporary grid of subdural electrodes. In this retrospective study we evaluate the role of electrode location on cerebral cortex in control of neuropathic pain and the role of trial stimulation in target-optimization for ESCC. Location of the temporary grid electrodes and location of permanent electrodes were evaluated in correlation with the long-term efficacy of ESCC. The results of this study demonstrate that the long-term effect of subdural pre-motor cortex stimulation is at least the same or higher compare to effect of subdural motor or combined pre-motor and motor cortex stimulation. These results also demonstrate that the initial trial stimulation helps to optimize permanent electrode positions in relation to the optimal functional target that is critical in cases when brain shift is expected. Proposed methodology and novel results open a new direction for development of neuromodulation techniques to control chronic neuropathic pain.

Role of Cerebral Cortex in Voluntary Movements

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 624-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Cheney
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Voluntary Movements

scholarly journals Brain-Specific SNAP-25 Deletion Leads to Elevated Extracellular Glutamate Level and Schizophrenia-Like Behavior in Mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Yang ◽  
Mengjie Zhang ◽  
Jiahao Shi ◽  
Yunhe Zhou ◽  
Zhipeng Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Glutamate Release ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Conditional Knockout ◽  
Snare Complex ◽  
Extracellular Glutamate ◽  
Glutamate Level

Several studies have associated reduced expression of synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25) with schizophrenia, yet little is known about its role in the illness. In this paper, a forebrain glutamatergic neuron-specific SNAP-25 knockout mouse model was constructed and studied to explore the possible pathogenetic role of SNAP-25 in schizophrenia. We showed that SNAP-25 conditional knockout (cKO) mice exhibited typical schizophrenia-like phenotype. A significantly elevated extracellular glutamate level was detected in the cerebral cortex of the mouse model. Compared with Ctrls, SNAP-25 was dramatically reduced by about 60% both in cytoplasm and in membrane fractions of cerebral cortex of cKOs, while the other two core members of SNARE complex: Syntaxin-1 (increased ~80%) and Vamp2 (increased ~96%) were significantly increased in cell membrane part. Riluzole, a glutamate release inhibitor, significantly attenuated the locomotor hyperactivity deficits in cKO mice. Our findings provide in vivo functional evidence showing a critical role of SNAP-25 dysfunction on synaptic transmission, which contributes to the developmental of schizophrenia. It is suggested that a SNAP-25 cKO mouse, a valuable model for schizophrenia, could address questions regarding presynaptic alterations that contribute to the etiopathophysiology of SZ and help to consummate the pre- and postsynaptic glutamatergic pathogenesis of the illness.

Seasonal changes of SP and NKA in frontal cortex, striatum and testes in the rat. Role of maternal pineal gland

Peptides ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 997-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Vázquez Moreno ◽  
L Debeljuk ◽  
E Dı́az Rodrı́guez ◽  
C Fernández Alvarez ◽  
B Dı́az López
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Seasonal Changes
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