scholarly journals Evolution of age-specific decline in stress phenotypes is driven by both antagonistic pleiotropy and mutation accumulation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth R. Everman ◽  
Theodore J. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Association Mapping ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Mutation Accumulation ◽  
Antagonistic Pleiotropy ◽  
Starvation Resistance ◽  
Theories Of Aging ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Stress Survival

AbstractEfforts to more fully understand and test evolutionary theories of aging have produced distinct predictions for mutation accumulation (MA) and antagonistic pleiotropy (AP) mechanisms. We build on these predictions through the use of association mapping and investigation of the change in additive effects of polymorphisms across age and among traits for multiple stress response phenotypes. We found that cold stress survival with acclimation, cold stress survival without acclimation, and starvation resistance declined with age and that changes in the genetic architecture of each phenotype were consistent with MA predictions. We used a novel test for MA and AP by calculating the additive effect of polymorphisms across ages and found support for both MA and AP mechanisms in the age-related decline in stress tolerance. These patterns suggest both MA and AP contribute to age-related change in stress response and highlight the utility of association mapping to identify genetic shifts across age.

scholarly journals Evolutionary Theories of Aging and Longevity

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 339-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonid A. Gavrilov ◽  
Natalia S. Gavrilova
Keyword(s):  
Mutation Accumulation ◽  
Antagonistic Pleiotropy ◽  
August Weismann ◽  
Evolutionary Theories ◽  
Theories Of Aging ◽  
Programmed Death ◽  
Aging Studies ◽  
Theory Of Aging ◽  
Wide Readership ◽  
Experimental Findings

The purpose of this article is to provide students and researchers entering the field of aging studies with an introduction to the evolutionary theories of aging, as well as to orient them in the abundant modern scientific literature on evolutionary gerontology. The following three major evolutionary theories of aging are discussed: 1) the theory of programmed death suggested by August Weismann, 2) the mutation accumulation theory of aging suggested by Peter Medawar, and 3) the antagonistic pleiotropy theory of aging suggested by George Williams. We also discuss a special case of the antagonistic pleiotropy theory, the disposable soma theory developed by Tom Kirkwood and Robin Holliday. The theories are compared with each other as well as with recent experimental findings. At present the most viable evolutionary theories are the mutation accumulation theory and the antagonistic pleiotropy theory; these theories are not mutually exclusive, and they both may become a part of a future unifying theory of aging.Evolutionary theories of aging are useful because they open new oppor-tunities for further research by suggesting testable predictions, but they have also been harmful in the past when they were used to impose limitations on aging studies. At this time, the evolutionary theories of aging are not ultimate completed theories, but rather a set of ideas that themselves require further elaboration and validation. This theoretical review article is written for a wide readership.

GRAS-domain transcription factor PAT1 regulates jasmonic acid biosynthesis in grape cold stress response

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zemin Wang ◽  
Darren Chern Jan Wong ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Guangzhao Xu ◽  
Chong Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Vitis Amurensis ◽  
Mobility Shift

Abstract Cultivated grapevine (Vitis) is a highly valued horticultural crop, and cold stress affects its growth and productivity. Wild Amur grape (Vitis amurensis) PAT1 (Phytochrome A signal transduction 1, VaPAT1) is induced by low temperature, and ectopic expression of VaPAT1 enhances cold tolerance in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of VaPAT1 during the cold stress response in grapevine. Here, we confirmed the overexpression of VaPAT1 in transformed grape calli enhanced cold tolerance. Yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays highlighted an interaction between VaPAT1 with INDETERMINATE-DOMAIN 3 (VaIDD3). A role of VaIDD3 in cold tolerance was also indicated. Transcriptome analysis revealed VaPAT1 and VaIDD3 overexpression and cold treatment coordinately modulate the expression of stress-related genes including lipoxygenase 3 (LOX3), a gene encoding a key jasmonate biosynthesis enzyme. Co-expression network analysis indicated LOX3 might be a downstream target of VaPAT1. Both electrophoretic mobility shift and dual luciferase reporter assays showed the VaPAT1-IDD3 complex binds to the IDD-box (AGACAAA) in the VaLOX3 promoter to activate its expression. Overexpression of both VaPAT1 and VaIDD3 increased the transcription of VaLOX3 and JA levels in transgenic grape calli. Conversely, VaPAT1-SRDX (dominant repression) and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of PAT1-ED causing the loss of the C-terminus in grape calli dramatically prohibited the accumulation of VaLOX3 and JA levels during cold treatment. Together, these findings point to a pivotal role of VaPAT1 in the cold stress response in grape by regulating JA biosynthesis.

Acute cold stress in rheumatoid arthritis inadequately activates stress responses and induces an increase of interleukin 6

2008 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
R H Straub ◽  
G Pongratz ◽  
H Hirvonen ◽  
T Pohjolainen ◽  
M Mikkelsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Cold Therapy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sympathetic Stress

Objective:Acute stress in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) should stimulate a strong stress response. After cryotherapy, we expected to observe an increase of hormones of the adrenal gland and the sympathetic nervous system.Methods:A total of 55 patients with RA were recruited for whole-body cryotherapy at −110°C and −60°C, and local cold therapy between −20°C and −30°C for 7 days. We measured plasma levels of steroid hormones, neuropeptide Y (sympathetic marker), and interleukin (IL)6 daily before and after cryotherapy.Results:In both therapy groups with/without glucocorticoids (GC), hormone and IL6 levels at baseline and 5 h after cold stress did not change over 7 days of cryotherapy. In patients without GC, plasma levels of cortisol and androstenedione were highest after −110°C cold stress followed by −60°C or local cold stress. The opposite was found in patients under GC therapy, in whom, unexpectedly, −110°C cold stress elicited the smallest responses. In patients without GC, adrenal cortisol production increased relative to other adrenal steroids, and again the opposite was seen under GC therapy with a loss of cortisol and an increase of dehydroepiandrosterone. Importantly, there was no sympathetic stress response in both groups. Patients without GC and −110°C cold stress demonstrated higher plasma IL6 compared to the other treatment groups (not observed under GC), but they showed the best clinical response.Conclusions:We detected an inadequate stress response in patients with GC. It is further shown that the sympathetic stress response was inadequate in patients with/without GC. Paradoxically, plasma levels of IL6 increased under strong cold stress in patients without GC. These findings confirm dysfunctional stress axes in RA.

scholarly journals Alternative Oxidase Involvement in Cold Stress Response of Arabidopsis thaliana fad2 and FAD3+ Cell Suspensions Altered in Membrane Lipid Composition

2007 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 856-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Rita Matos ◽  
Cécile Hourton-Cabassa ◽  
Dominique Ciçek ◽  
Nathalie Rezé ◽  
Joao Daniel Arrabaça ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Alternative Oxidase ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Cell Suspensions ◽  
Membrane Lipid Composition

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of the WRKY Gene Family and Cold Stress Response in Acer truncatum

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1867
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Jiatong Wei ◽  
Kewei Cai ◽  
Hongzhi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Wrky Gene ◽  
Wrky Transcription Factors ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Genome Wide

WRKY transcription factors constitute one of the largest gene families in plants and are involved in many biological processes, including growth and development, physiological metabolism, and the stress response. In earlier studies, the WRKY gene family of proteins has been extensively studied and analyzed in many plant species. However, information on WRKY transcription factors in Acer truncatum has not been reported. In this study, we conducted genome-wide identification and analysis of the WRKY gene family in A. truncatum, 54 WRKY genes were unevenly located on all 13 chromosomes of A. truncatum, the highest number was found in chromosomes 5. Phylogenetic relationships, gene structure, and conserved motif identification were constructed, and the results affirmed 54 AtruWRKY genes were divided into nine subgroup groups. Tissue species analysis of AtruWRKY genes revealed which were differently exhibited upregulation in flower, leaf, root, seed and stem, and the upregulation number were 23, 14, 34, 18, and 8, respectively. In addition, the WRKY genes expression in leaf under cold stress showed that more genes were significantly expressed under 0, 6 and 12 h cold stress. The results of this study provide a new insight the regulatory function of WRKY genes under abiotic and biotic stresses.

scholarly journals Age and genetic background modify hybrid male sterility in house mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel J. Widmayer ◽  
Mary Ann Handel ◽  
David L. Aylor
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
House Mouse ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Hybrid Male ◽  
Hybrid Male Sterility ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
In The Wild

AbstractHybrid male sterility (HMS) contributes to reproductive isolation commonly observed among house mouse (Mus musculus) subspecies, both in the wild and in laboratory crosses. Incompatibilities involving specific Prdm9 alleles and certain Chromosome (Chr) X genotypes are known determinants of fertility and HMS, and previous work in the field has demonstrated that genetic background modifies these two major loci. We constructed hybrids that have identical genotypes at Prdm9 and identical X chromosomes, but differ widely across the rest of the genome. In each case, we crossed female PWK/PhJ mice representative of the M. m. musculus subspecies to males from a classical inbred strain representative of M. m. domesticus: 129S1/SvImJ, A/J, C57BL/6J, or DBA/2J. We detected three distinct trajectories of fertility among the hybrids using breeding experiments. The PWK129S1 males were always infertile. PWKDBA2 males were fertile, despite their genotypes at the major HMS loci. We also observed age-dependent changes in fertility parameters across multiple genetic backgrounds. The PWKB6 and PWKAJ males were always infertile before 15 weeks and after 35 weeks, yet some PWKB6 and PWKAJ males were fertile between fifteen and 35 weeks. This observation could resolve previous contradictory reports about the fertility of PWKB6. Taken together, these results point to multiple segregating HMS modifier alleles, some of which have age-related modes of action. The ultimate identification of these alleles and their age-related mechanisms will advance understanding both of the genetic architecture of HMS and of how reproductive barriers are maintained between house mouse subspecies.

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