scholarly journals MODELING MECHANICAL INTERACTIONS IN GROWING POPULATIONS OF ROD-SHAPED BACTERIA

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Winkle ◽  
Oleg Igoshin ◽  
Matthew R. Bennett ◽  
Krešimir Josić ◽  
William Ott
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Mechanical Forces ◽  
Computational Tools ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Mechanical Constraints ◽  
Extra Cellular Fluid ◽  
A Cell ◽  
And Control ◽  
Emergent Behaviors

AbstractAdvances in synthetic biology allow us to engineer bacterial collectives with pre-specified characteristics. However, the behavior of these collectives is difficult to understand, as cellular growth and division as well as extra-cellular fluid flow lead to complex, changing arrangements of cells within the population. To rationally engineer and control the behavior of cell collectives we need theoretical and computational tools to understand their emergent spatiotemporal dynamics. Here, we present an agent-based model that allows growing cells to detect and respond to mechanical interactions. Crucially, our model couples the dynamics of cell growth to the cell’s environment: Mechanical constraints can affect cellular growth rate and a cell may alter its behavior in response to these constraints. This coupling links the mechanical forces that influence cell growth and emergent behaviors in cell assemblies. We illustrate our approach by showing how mechanical interactions can impact the dynamics of bacterial collectives growing in microfluidic traps.

scholarly journals Putrescine, a Cell Growth Factor

Nature ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 235 (5338) ◽  
pp. 366-366
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
A Cell

A Zebrafish Embryo Behaves both as a “Cortical Shell – Liquid Core” Structure and a Homogeneous Solid when Experiencing Mechanical Forces

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1841-1847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Liu ◽  
Dan Wu ◽  
Ken Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Zebrafish Embryo ◽  
Large Strain ◽  
Liquid Core ◽  
Small Strain ◽  
Core Structure ◽  
Mechanical Forces ◽  
Cortical Shell ◽  
A Cell

AbstractMechanical properties are vital for living cells, and various models have been developed to study the mechanical behavior of cells. However, there is debate regarding whether a cell behaves more similarly to a “cortical shell – liquid core” structure (membrane-like) or a homogeneous solid (cytoskeleton-like) when experiencing stress by mechanical forces. Unlike most experimental methods, which concern the small-strain deformation of a cell, we focused on the mechanical behavior of a cell undergoing small to large strain by conducting microinjection experiments on zebrafish embryo cells. The power law with order of 1.5 between the injection force and the injection distance indicates that the cell behaves as a homogenous solid at small-strain deformation. The linear relation between the rupture force and the microinjector radius suggests that the embryo behaves as membrane-like when subjected to large-strain deformation. We also discuss the possible reasons causing the debate by analyzing the mechanical properties of F-actin filaments.

The analysis of surface saccharide profiles through fluorescein-labelled lectins in a rat pancreatic tissue with established metabolic syndrome model

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
Yosun Mater ◽  
Sule Beyhan-Ozdas
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Pancreatic Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fructose Diet ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Membrane Surfaces ◽  
High Fructose ◽  
A Cell ◽  
And Control

Abstract“Glycans”, which are generally referred as oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, are structures that are present on all cellular surfaces with proteins and lipids being attached to their basic chain structures. Many studies in the field of glycobiology have identified the various and complicated biological roles of these glycans which make them perfect molecules to use in labelling and selecting body cells specifically. This study aims at analyzing the modifications in saccharide units of glycans on a cell membrane surfaces of the pancreatic tissue of rats to which normal and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are established. To this end, a MetS model was created through a high fructose diet in Spraque Dawley breed of rats and the pancreatic tissue sections of the group with MetS and control group animals were evaluated comparatively. The targeted saccharide units were examined with Fluorescent Microscope by using two different Fluorescein (FITC) labelled lectins, namely Maackia amurensis-1 lectin [FITC-(MAL-I)] and the Wheat Germ Agglutinin (FITC-WGA). It was observed that FITC-MAL-1-labelled Galβ4GlcNAc units did not change much due to high- fructose diet. On the other hand, more GlcNAc, Neu5Ac and β-GlcNAc units which are labelled with FITC-WGA lectin increase in numbers in pancreatic sections of high fructose diet, compared to control group. Thus, a rapid and specific labelling method, which can identify surface saccharide sequences specifically, was developed. The method can be used in early diagnosis and/or treatment for metabolic diseases.

scholarly journals Fetal Bovine Serum-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Persist within Vesicle-Depleted Culture Media

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon Lehrich ◽  
Yaxuan Liang ◽  
Pooya Khosravi ◽  
Howard Federoff ◽  
Massimo Fiandaca
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Fetal Bovine Serum ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Primary Astrocyte ◽  
Fetal Bovine ◽  
Cell Growth And Viability

It is known that culture media (CM) promotes cellular growth, adhesion, and protects explanted primary brain cells from in vitro stresses. The fetal bovine serum (FBS) supplement used in most CM, however, contains significant quantities of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that confound quantitative and qualitative analyses from the EVs produced by the cultured cells. We quantitatively tested the ability of common FBS EV-depletion protocols to remove exogenous EVs from FBS-supplemented CM and evaluated the influence such methods have on primary astrocyte culture growth and viability. We assessed two methodologies utilized for FBS EV removal prior to adding to CM: (1) an 18-h ultracentrifugation (UC); and (2) a commercial EV-depleted FBS (Exo-FBS™). Our analysis demonstrated that Exo-FBS™ CM provided the largest depletion (75%) of total FBS EVs, while still providing 6.92 × 109 ± 1.39 × 108 EVs/mL. In addition, both UC and Exo-FBS™ CM resulted in poor primary astrocyte cell growth and viability in culture. The two common FBS EV-depletion methods investigated, therefore, not only contaminate in vitro primary cell-derived EV analyses, but also provide a suboptimal environment for primary astrocyte cell growth and viability. It appears likely that future CM optimization, using a serum-free alternative, might be required to advance analyses of cell-specific EVs isolated in vitro.

Benchmarking and Robust Multi-Agent-Based Production Planning and Control

2003 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
Daniel Frey ◽  
Jens Nimis ◽  
Heinz Wörn ◽  
Peter Lockemann
Keyword(s):  
Production Planning ◽  
Production Planning And Control ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
And Control
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