scholarly journals Boron Hyperaccumulation Mechanisms in Puccinellia distans as Revealed by Transcriptomic Analysis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saniye Elvan Öztürk ◽  
Mehmet Göktay ◽  
Canan Has ◽  
Mehmet Babaoğlu ◽  
Jens Allmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Boron Toxicity ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Boron Tolerance ◽  
Puccinellia Distans ◽  
Accumulation Mechanism ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Transcriptomic Changes ◽  
Boron Transporter

AbstractBoron is an essential plant micronutrient; but is toxic at high concentrations. Boron toxicity can severely affect crop productivity in arid and semi-arid environments. Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Par1., common alkali grass, is found throughout the world and can survive under boron concentrations that are lethal for other plant species. In addition, P. distans can accumulate very high levels of this element. Despite these interesting features, very little research has been performed to elucidate the boron tolerance mechanism in this species. In this study, P. distans samples were analyzed by RNA sequencing to identify genes related to boron tolerance and hyperaccumulation. Abundance levels of selected differentially expressed transcripts were validated by real-time PCR. The results indicated that the hyperaccumulation mechanism of P. distans involves many transcriptomic changes including those that lead to: alterations in the malate pathway, changes in cell wall components that allow sequestration of excess boron without toxic effects, and increased expression of at least one putative boron transporter and two putative aquaporins. Elucidation of the boron accumulation mechanism is important to develop approaches for bioremediation of boron contaminated soils.

scholarly journals Cross species multi-omics reveals cell wall sequestration and elevated global transcription as mechanisms of boron tolerance in plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guannan Wang ◽  
Sandra Feuer DiTusa ◽  
Dong-Ha Oh ◽  
Achim D. Herrmann ◽  
David G. Mendoza-Cozatl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boric Acid ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Boron Toxicity ◽  
Boron Tolerance ◽  
Metabolomics Data ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Genetic Responses ◽  
Boron Transporter

AbstractBoron toxicity is a worldwide problem for crop production, yet we have only a limited understanding of the genetic responses and adaptive mechanisms to this environmental stress in plants. Here we identified responses to excess boron in boron stress-sensitive Arabidopsis thaliana and its boron stress-tolerant extremophyte relative Schrenkiella parvula using comparative genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and ionomics. S. parvula maintains a lower level of total boron and free boric acid in its roots and shoots and sustains growth for longer durations than A. thaliana when grown with excess boron. S. parvula likely excludes boron more efficiently than A. thaliana, which we propose is partly driven by BOR5, a boron transporter that we functionally characterized in the current study. Both species allocate significant transcriptomic and metabolomic resources to enable their cell walls to serve as a partial sink for excess boron, particularly discernable in A. thaliana shoots. We provide evidence that the S. parvula transcriptome is pre-adapted to boron toxicity, exhibiting substantial overlap with the boron-stressed transcriptome of A. thaliana. Our transcriptomic and metabolomics data also suggest that RNA metabolism is a primary target of boron toxicity. Cytoplasmic boric acid likely forms complexes with ribose and ribose-containing compounds critical to RNA and other primary metabolic functions. A model depicting some of the cellular responses that enable a plant to grow in the presence of normally toxic levels of boron is presented.

scholarly journals The Sustainable Production of a Novel Laccase from Wheat Bran by Bordetella sp. JWO16: Toward a Total Environment

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 677
Author(s):  
John Onolame Unuofin
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Dye Decolorization ◽  
Fermentation Medium ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Capital Intensive ◽  
Agroindustrial Residue

Laccase is increasingly adopted in diverse industrial and environmental applications, due to its readily accessible requirements for efficient catalytic synthesis and biotransformation of chemicals. However, it is perceived that its industrial production might incur some unfavorable overhead, which leads to expensive market products, and the corresponding negative environmental feedback, due to the use of capital-intensive and precarious chemicals. To this end, this study was designed to evaluate the performance indicators of the valorization of wheat bran by a novel Jb1b laccase and its subsequent application in waste minimization and water management, on a laboratory scale. Optimal Jb1b laccase was produced in submerged fermentation medium containing wheat bran, an agroindustrial residue, through response surface methodology (RSM) algorithm, and was applied in dye decolorization and denim bioscouring, respectively. Results showed that the resultant enzyme manifested unique biochemical properties, such as enhanced tolerance at certain physicochemical conditions, with a residual activity of at least ca. 76%. Furthermore, phenomenally high concentrations of synthetic dyes (0.2% w v−1) were decolorized over 56 h, and a 6 h mediator-supported simultaneous denim bleaching and decolorization of wash effluent was observed. The sustainability of the production and application processes were inferred from the reusability of the fermentation sludge as a potential biofertilizer, with subsequent prospects for the biostimulation and bioaugmentation of contaminated soils, whereas the decolorized water could be adopted for other uses, amongst which horticulture and forestry are typical examples. These phenomena therefore authenticate the favorable environmental feedbacks and overhead realized in this present study.

scholarly journals The potentional of plants to cleanup metals from an old landfill site

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahya Jani ◽  
Charlotte Marchand ◽  
William Hogland
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Landfill Site ◽  
Group Company ◽  
Timothy Grass ◽  
Xrf Scanning ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Stability

Old landfill sites contain different hazardous materials like heavy metals which have the ability to affects the entire environment. These places are sometimes covered by plants to increase the stability of the soil and to reduce the effects of erosion. 15 soil samples (3 samples from each place) and 5-7 timothy-grass (Phleum pretense) plants from 5 different places were taken from an old landfill place in an active landfill site in Högbytorp /Sweden owned by Ragn-sells Group Company. XRF scanning was used to analyze the metal content of soil samples and of plants. High concentrations of metals were detected in the soil samples like Fe with an average of about 25000 ppm, Mn about 250 ppm and 2800 ppm of Ti. The plants results showed an average concentration of Fe in the shoots about 730 ppm, Mn about 60 ppm and Ti about 1760 ppm. On the other hand, the roots results showed an average concentration of about 10 000 ppm of Fe, about 160 ppm of Mn and 2200 ppm of Ti. These results gave the indication that the Timothy-grass has the ability to extract metals from contaminated soils and can help to cleanup these soils.

scholarly journals Transcriptional and biochemical analyses of gibberellin expression and content in germinated barley grain

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1870-1884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie S Betts ◽  
Christoph Dockter ◽  
Oliver Berkowitz ◽  
Helen M Collins ◽  
Michelle Hooi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Germinated Barley ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

Abstract Mobilization of reserves in germinated cereal grains is critical for early seedling vigour, global crop productivity, and hence food security. Gibberellins (GAs) are central to this process. We have developed a spatio-temporal model that describes the multifaceted mechanisms of GA regulation in germinated barley grain. The model was generated using RNA sequencing transcript data from tissues dissected from intact, germinated grain, which closely match measurements of GA hormones and their metabolites in those tissues. The data show that successful grain germination is underpinned by high concentrations of GA precursors in ungerminated grain, the use of independent metabolic pathways for the synthesis of several bioactive GAs during germination, and a capacity to abort bioactive GA biosynthesis. The most abundant bioactive form is GA1, which is synthesized in the scutellum as a glycosyl conjugate that diffuses to the aleurone, where it stimulates de novo synthesis of a GA3 conjugate and GA4. Synthesis of bioactive GAs in the aleurone provides a mechanism that ensures the hormonal signal is relayed from the scutellum to the distal tip of the grain. The transcript data set of 33 421 genes used to define GA metabolism is available as a resource to analyse other physiological processes in germinated grain.

Accumulation and transport of antimony and arsenic in terrestrial and aquatic plants in an antimony ore concentration area (south-west China)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 314
Author(s):  
Ling Li ◽  
Lu Liao ◽  
Yuhong Fan ◽  
Han Tu ◽  
Shui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Pueraria Lobata ◽  
West China ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
South West ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Preferred Species

Environmental contextPhytoremediation requires an understanding of bioconcentration and translocation processes that determine behaviour and fate of potentially toxic elements. We studied the distribution of antimony and arsenic in terrestrial and aquatic soil-plant systems in an antimony ore zone. We found that the common climbing plant Kudzu (Pueraria lobata) is suitable for phyto-stabilisation of antimony-bearing tailings, while tiger grass (Thysanolaena maxima) was able to extract antimony and arsenic from contaminated soils. AbstractAntimony (Sb) pollution is a major environmental issue in China. Many historical abandoned tailings have released high concentrations of Sb and its associated element arsenic (As) to surrounding environments. This has prompted the need to understand accumulation and translocation processes that determine the behaviour and fate of Sb and As in contaminated soil–plant systems and to identify suitable plant species for phytoremediation. Here we investigate distribution of Sb and As in terrestrial and aquatic dominant plant species and associated soils, all of which are naturally found in an Sb ore concentration area in south-west China. Total Sb and As concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The percentage of soluble Sb and As in the total concentrations were determined; the results showed that the basic soil environment facilitates the release of Sb and As from contaminated soils, and that Sb has higher mobility than As. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) were used for evaluating the ability of plants to accumulate and transport Sb and As, respectively. The results indicated that all selected plant species have the potential to tolerate high concentrations of Sb and As. Consequently, this study suggested that Pueraria lobata (PL) can be used as the preferred species for phytostabilisation of abandoned Sb-bearing tailings, given that PL has well-developed roots and lush leaf tissues and the ability to translocate Sb from roots to aboveground parts. Thysanolaena maxima (TM) is suitable for phyto-extraction of Sb and As in contaminated soils.

scholarly journals Effects of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi and Heavy Metals (Pb, Zn, and Cd) on Growth and Mineral Nutrition of Pinus halepensis Seedlings in North Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2033
Author(s):  
Chadlia Hachani ◽  
Mohammed S. Lamhamedi ◽  
Claudio Cameselle ◽  
Susana Gouveia ◽  
Abdenbi Zine El Abidine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
High Concentrations

The pollution of soils by heavy metals resulting from mining activities is one of the major environmental problems in North Africa. Mycorrhizoremediation using mycorrhizal fungi and adapted plant species is emerging as one of the most innovative methods to remediate heavy metal pollution. This study aims to assess the growth and the nutritional status of ectomycorrhizal Pinus halepensis seedlings subjected to high concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Cd for possible integration in the restoration of heavy metals contaminated sites. Ectomycorrhizal and non-ectomycorrhizal P. halepensis seedlings were grown in uncontaminated (control) and contaminated soils for 12 months. Growth, mineral nutrition, and heavy metal content were assessed. Results showed that ectomycorrhizae significantly improved shoot and roots dry masses of P. halepensis seedlings, as well as nitrogen shoot content. The absorption of Pb, Zn, and Cd was much higher in the roots than in the shoots, and significantly more pronounced in ectomycorrhizal seedlings—especially for Zn and Cd. The presence of ectomycorrhizae significantly reduced the translocation factor of Zn and Cd and bioaccumulation factor of Pb and Cd, which enhanced the phytostabilizing potential of P. halepensis seedlings. These results support the use of ectomycorrhizal P. halepensis in the remediation of heavy metal contaminated sites.

Puccinellia distans - A potential plant to reveal boron toxicity and salt tolerance mechanisms

2019 ◽  
Vol 305 ◽  
pp. S19
Author(s):  
E.E. Hakki ◽  
A. Pandey ◽  
M.K. Khan ◽  
M. Hamurcu ◽  
O. Celik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Boron Toxicity ◽  
Tolerance Mechanisms ◽  
Puccinellia Distans

Effects of boron toxicity on root and leaf anatomy in two Citrus species differing in boron tolerance

Trees ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1653-1666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-Hao Huang ◽  
Zi-Jian Cai ◽  
Shou-Xing Wen ◽  
Peng Guo ◽  
Xin Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Boron Toxicity ◽  
Citrus Species ◽  
Boron Tolerance ◽  
Root And Leaf Anatomy

What do we know about how the terrestrial multicellular soil fauna reacts to microplastic?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Büks ◽  
Loes van Schaik ◽  
Martin Kaupenjohann
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Soil Food Webs ◽  
Soil Ecosystems ◽  
Plastic Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Using Data

<p><span>The ubiquitous accumulation of microplastic particles across all global ecosystems comes along with the uptake into soil food webs. In this work, we evaluated studies on passive translocation, active ingestion, bioaccumulation and adverse effects within the phylogenetic tree of multicellular soil faunal life. The representativity of these studies for natural soil ecosystems was assessed using data on the type of plastic, shape, composition, concentration and time of exposure.</span></p><p><span>Available studies cover a wide range of soil organisms, with emphasis on earthworms, nematodes, springtails, beetles and lugworms, each focused on well known model organisms. Most of the studies applied microplastic concentrations similar to amounts in slightly to very heavily polluted soils. In many cases, however, polystyrene microspheres have been used, a combination of plastic type and shape, that is easily available, but do not represent the main plastic input into soil ecosystems. In turn, microplastic fibres are strongly underrepresented compared to their high abundance within contaminated soils. Further properties of plastic such as aging, coating and additives were insufficiently documented. Despite of these limitations, there is a recurring pattern of active intake followed by a population shift within the gut microbiome and adverse effects on motility, growth, metabolism, reproduction and mortality in various combinations, especially at high concentrations and small particle sizes.</span></p><p><span>For future experiments<span>, we recommend a </span><span>modus operandi</span><span> that takes into account </span><span>the</span> <span>type, shape, grade of aging and specific concentrations of microplastic </span><span>fractions</span><span> in natural and contaminated soils </span><span>as well as long-term incubation within</span><span> soil </span><span>meso</span><span>cosms.</span></span></p>

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