scholarly journals Impacts of Bisphenol A and Ethinyl Estradiol on Male and Female CD-1 Mouse Spleen

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin B. Gear ◽  
Scott M. Belcher
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Ethinyl Estradiol ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTThe endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA) and the pharmaceutical 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE) are synthetic chemicals with estrogen-like activities. Despite ubiquitous human exposure to BPA, and the wide-spread clinical use of EE as oral contraceptive adjuvant, the impact of these estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on the immune system is unclear. Here we report results of in vivo dose response studies that analyzed the histology and microstructural changes in the spleen of adult male and female CD-1 mice exposed to 4 to 40,000 μg/kg/day BPA or 0.02 to 2 μg/kg/day EE from conception until 12-14 weeks of age. Results of that analysis indicate that both BPA and EE have dose- and sex-specific impacts on the cellular and microanatomical structures of the spleens that reveal minor alterations in immunomodulatory and hematopoietic functions. These findings support previous studies demonstrating the murine immune system as a sensitive target for estrogens, and that oral exposures to BPA and EE can have estrogen-like immunomodulatory affects in both sexes.

scholarly journals Assessment and Molecular Actions of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals That Interfere with Estrogen Receptor Pathways

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwenneg Kerdivel ◽  
Denis Habauzit ◽  
Farzad Pakdel
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Estrogen Signaling ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
And Function ◽  
Analytical Tools

In all vertebrate species, estrogens play a crucial role in the development, growth, and function of reproductive and nonreproductive tissues. A large number of natural or synthetic chemicals present in the environment and diet can interfere with estrogen signaling; these chemicals are called endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) or xenoestrogens. Some of these compounds have been shown to induce adverse effects on human and animal health, and some compounds are suspected to contribute to diverse disease development. Because xenoestrogens have varying sources and structures and could act in additive or synergistic effects when combined, they have multiple mechanisms of action. Consequently, an important panel ofin vivoandin vitrobioassays and chemical analytical tools was used to screen, evaluate, and characterize the potential impacts of these compounds on humans and animals. In this paper, we discuss different molecular actions of some of the major xenoestrogens found in food or the environment, and we summarize the current models used to evaluate environmental estrogens.

scholarly journals Icam5 Expression Exhibits Sex Differences in the Neonatal Pituitary and Is Regulated by Estradiol and Bisphenol A

Endocrinology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 157 (4) ◽  
pp. 1408-1420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten S. Eckstrum ◽  
Karen E. Weis ◽  
Nicholas G. Baur ◽  
Yoshihiro Yoshihara ◽  
Lori T. Raetzman
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract Endocrine-disrupting chemicals are prevalent in the environment and can impair reproductive success by affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. The developing pituitary gland is sensitive to exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals, such as bisphenol A (BPA), and sex-specific effects can occur. However, effects on the critical window of neonatal pituitary gland development in mice have not been explored. Therefore, this study determined baseline gene expression in male and female pituitaries and consequences of environmental exposure to 17β-estradiol (E2) and BPA on transcription of genes exhibiting sex differences during the neonatal period. Through microarray and quantitative RT-PCR analysis of pituitaries at postnatal day (PND)1, 3 genes were differentially expressed between males and females: Lhb, Fshb, and intracellular adhesion molecule-5 (Icam5). To see whether E2 and BPA exposure regulates these genes, pituitaries were cultured at PND1 with 10−8M E2 or 4.4 × 10−6M BPA. E2 decreased expression of Lhb, Fshb, and Icam5 mRNA in females but only significantly decreased expression of Icam5 in males. BPA decreased expression of Icam5 similarly to E2, but it did not affect Lhb or Fshb. Importantly, in vivo exposure to 50-μg/kg · d E2 from PND0 to PND7 decreased expression of Lhb, Fshb, and Icam5 mRNA in both males and females, whereas 50-mg/kg · d BPA exposure during the same time frame decreased expression of Icam5 in females only. Overall, we have uncovered that genes differentially expressed between the sexes can be regulated in part by hormonal and chemical signals in vivo and directly at the pituitary and can be regulated in a sex-specific manner.

scholarly journals EPIDEMIOLOGICAL, TOXICOLOGICAL AND MOLEСULAR-GENETIC ASPECTS OF ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING CHEMICALS IN THE CHEMICAL SAFETY PROBLEM

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-203
Author(s):  
Oksana O. Sinitsyna ◽  
Yu. A. Rakhmanin ◽  
Z. I. Zholdakova ◽  
M. G. Aksenova ◽  
A. V. Kirillov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
The Body ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Chemical Safety ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
The Impact

The literature review has shown the problem of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) to be associated with their wide distribution in the environment, the abundance, and variety of the chemical structure. Three leading mechanisms of EDCs action are identified as follows: imitation of the naturally occurring hormones action, blocking of receptors within the target cells of hormones, the impact of their kinetics in the body. Epidemiological studies indicate an increase in diseases caused by a disorder of the hormonal system. They are associated with the effect of EDCs. Substances that are completely dissimilar in chemical structure can cause the same effects. According to WHO [6], it is impossible, based on the chemical structure, to determine whether a substance is a disruptor of the endocrine system. However, some structural features determine the estrogenic, thyreogenic and glucocorticoid activity of chemicals. Hence, the need to differentiate the specific (primary) effect of a chemical substance on the endocrine system and the indirect (secondary) effect on it via other mechanisms comes to the fore. In own research, specific mechanisms were shown to be determined in the experiment when studying the complexity of effects, taking into account the processes of adaptation and decompensation, and identifying the effects manifested with the lowest doses. One of the methodological approaches can be the developed “structure-biotransformation-activity” prediction system aimed at revealing the primary types of effects: using quantum-chemical calculations and the plausible reasoning class (called the JSM-reasoning in honour of John Stuart Mill) logico-combinatorial method, it was possible to identify structural fragments of substances responsible for the manifestation of carcinogenic, allergenic effects, methemoglobin formation, etc. The results of clinical studies show the use of pharmacological drugs as models for in vivo study of the effects of EDC to allow not only studying atypical mechanisms of the impact of EDCs from the point of view of molecular genetics but also to predict the individual susceptibility to them taking into account polymorphism of candidate genes. The EDCs problem poses the need for a complex of interdisciplinary research, including three main relationships: exposure assessment-biomonitoring data-the prevalence of endocrine-dependent diseases, taking into account the qualitative and quantitative contribution of individual endocrine disrupters to the development of an ecologically dependent endocrine pathology using molecular genetic methods.

scholarly journals The different effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on estrogen receptor-mediated transcription through interaction with coactivator TRAP220 in uterine tissue

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Inoshita ◽  
H Masuyama ◽  
Y Hiramatsu
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Uterine Tissue ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemical ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting

An endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) can alter endocrine functions through a variety of mechanisms, including nuclear receptor-mediated changes in protein synthesis, interference with membrane receptor binding, steroidogenesis or synthesis of other hormones. Although major chemicals have been shown to disrupt estrogenic actions mainly through their binding to estrogen receptor (ER) or androgen receptor, it is not clear how EDCs affect endocrine functions in vivo. We present evidence that the EDCs bisphenol A and phthalate activate ER-mediated transcription through interaction with TRAP220. Moreover, bisphenol A had positive effects on the interaction between ER-beta and TRAP220 and on the expression of ER-beta and TRAP220 compared with phthalate and estradiol in uterine tIssue. These data suggested that some EDCs might alter endocrine function through the change of the receptor and coactivator levels in uterine tIssue and through the different effect on the interaction between ERs and coactivator TRAP220.

Effect of Polyphosphate on Removal of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals of Nonylphenol and Bisphenol-A by Activated Carbons

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 484-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keun J. Choi ◽  
Sang G. Kim ◽  
Chang W. Kim ◽  
Seung H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Surface Charge ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Dipole Interaction ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Calcium Polyphosphate ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Positively Charged

Abstract This study examined the effect of polyphosphate on removal of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as nonylphenol and bisphenol-A by activated carbons. It was found that polyphosphate aided in the removal of nonylphenol and bisphenol- A. Polyphosphate reacted with nonylphenol, likely through dipole-dipole interaction, which then improved the nonylphenol removal. Calcium interfered with this reaction by causing competition. It was found that polyphosphate could accumulate on carbon while treating a river. The accumulated polyphosphate then aided nonylphenol removal. The extent of accumulation was dependent on the type of carbon. The accumulation occurred more extensively with the wood-based used carbon than with the coal-based used carbon due to the surface charge of the carbon. The negatively charged wood-based carbon attracted the positively charged calcium-polyphosphate complex more strongly than the uncharged coal-based carbon. The polyphosphate-coated activated carbon was also effective in nonylphenol removal. The effect was different depending on the type of carbon. Polyphosphate readily attached onto the wood-based carbon due to its high affinity for polyphosphate. The attached polyphosphate then improved the nonylphenol removal. However, the coating failed to attach polyphosphate onto the coal-based carbon. The nonylphenol removal performance of the coal-based carbon remained unchanged after the polyphosphate coating.

Environmental exposures to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and their role in endometriosis: a systematic literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diksha Sirohi ◽  
Ruqaiya Al Ramadhani ◽  
Luke D. Knibbs
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Phthalate Esters ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Environmental Chemicals ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Organochlorinated Pesticides ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractPurposeEndocrine-related diseases and disorders are on the rise globally. Synthetically produced environmental chemicals (endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs)) mimic hormones like oestrogen and alter signalling pathways. Endometriosis is an oestrogen-dependent condition, affecting 10–15% of women of the reproductive age, and has substantial impacts on the quality of life. The aetiology of endometriosis is believed to be multifactorial, ranging from genetic causes to immunologic dysfunction due to environmental exposure to EDCs. Hence, we undertook a systematic review and investigated the epidemiological evidence for an association between EDCs and the development of endometriosis. We also aimed to assess studies on the relationship between body concentration of EDCs and the severity of endometriosis.MethodFollowing PRISMA guidelines, a structured search of PubMed, Embase and Scopus was conducted (to July 2018). The included studies analysed the association between one or more EDCs and the prevalence of endometriosis. The types of EDCs, association and outcome, participant characteristics and confounding variables were extracted and analysed. Quality assessment was performed using standard criteria.ResultsIn total, 29 studies were included. Phthalate esters were positively associated with the prevalence of endometriosis. The majority (71%) of studies revealed a significant association between bisphenol A, organochlorinated environmental pollutants (dioxins, dioxin-like compounds, organochlorinated pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls) and the prevalence of endometriosis. A positive association between copper, chromium and prevalence of endometriosis was demonstrated in one study only. Cadmium, lead and mercury were not associated with the prevalence of endometriosis. There were conflicting results for the association between nickel and endometriosis. The relationship of EDCs and severity of endometriosis was not established in the studies.ConclusionWe found some evidence to suggest an association between phthalate esters, bisphenol A, organochlorinated environmental pollutants and the prevalence of endometriosis. Disentangling these exposures from various other factors that affect endometriosis is complex, but an important topic for further research.

scholarly journals Metabolic syndrome and endocrine disrupting chemicals: exposure and health effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Haverinen ◽  
R Lange ◽  
H Tolonen
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Human Biomonitoring ◽  
European Population ◽  
Priority Substances ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting

Abstract Increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is causing significant health burden among the European population. Current knowledge supports the notion that endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) interfere with human metabolism and hormonal balance, contributing to the conventionally recognized life-style related risk factors for MetS. In relation to the Human biomonitoring initiative (HBM4EU) five priority substances (Bisphenol A, Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), Phthalates, Cadmium and Arsenic) and their association with adverse metabolic health effects were examined. A methodological framework for scoping reviews was followed to increase consistency and transparency throughout the process. A literature review was conducted to identify epidemiological studies focusing on the association between MetS or its individual components and the five HBM4EU priority substances. Human biomonitoring studies have been able to present evidence supporting EDC exposure and development of individual MetS components; however the strength of the association varies between the components and EDCs. Most of the identified literature examined Bisphenol A and Phthalate exposure, usually targeting obesity, anthropometrics or glucose metabolism. Evidence suggests a positive association between Bisphenol A and Phthalate exposure and obesity-related components. The substance group of PFASs indicated weakest association, as the results were inconsistent and were suggestive only for a positive association with development of dyslipidaemia. Current evidence on metabolic disturbances and EDCs are inconclusive and fragmented, hence establishing harmonized and standardized human biomonitoring procedures among the European population are needed. Rigorous and ongoing human biomonitoring in combination with health monitoring could provide comprehensive information on EDC exposure and association of metabolic disturbances. Key messages EDC exposure is ubiquitous within European population, hence more human biomonitoring in combination with health surveys is needed to strengthen knowledge on human’s metabolic health. MetS is an increasing global health concern, which requires novel approaches to tackle the challenge.

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