scholarly journals SUPERMAN prevents stamen formation and promotes stem cell termination in the fourth whorl of the Arabidopsis flower

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathanaël Prunet ◽  
Weibing Yang ◽  
Pradeep Das ◽  
Elliot M. Meyerowitz ◽  
Thomas P. Jack
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Genetic Networks ◽  
Confocal Imaging ◽  
Identity Change ◽  
Floral Organ Identity ◽  
Organ Identity

SummaryThe molecular and genetic networks underlying the determination of floral organ identity are well studied, but much less is known about how the flower is partitioned into four developmentally distinct whorls. The SUPERMAN gene is required for proper specification of the boundary between stamens in whorl 3 and carpels in whorl 4, as superman mutants exhibit supernumerary stamens but usually lack carpels. However, it has remained unclear whether extra stamens in superman mutants originate from an organ identity change in whorl 4 or the overproliferation of whorl 3. Using live confocal imaging, we show that the extra stamens in superman mutants arise from cells in whorl 4, which change their fate from female to male, while floral stem cells proliferate longer, allowing for the production of additional stamens.

scholarly journals SUPERMAN prevents class B gene expression and promotes stem cell termination in the fourth whorl of Arabidopsis thaliana flowers

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (27) ◽  
pp. 7166-7171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathanaël Prunet ◽  
Weibing Yang ◽  
Pradeep Das ◽  
Elliot M. Meyerowitz ◽  
Thomas P. Jack
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Genetic Networks ◽  
Confocal Imaging ◽  
Identity Change ◽  
Floral Organ Identity ◽  
Organ Identity ◽  
Class B

The molecular and genetic networks underlying the determination of floral organ identity are well studied, but much less is known about how the flower is partitioned into four developmentally distinct whorls. The SUPERMAN gene is required for proper specification of the boundary between stamens in whorl 3 and carpels in whorl 4, as superman mutants exhibit supernumerary stamens but usually lack carpels. However, it has remained unclear whether extra stamens in superman mutants originate from an organ identity change in whorl 4 or the overproliferation of whorl 3. Using live confocal imaging, we show that the extra stamens in superman mutants arise from cells in whorl 4, which change their fate from female to male, while floral stem cells proliferate longer, allowing for the production of additional stamens.

A Mathematical Model of Genetic Control of Determination of Floral Organ Identity in Arabidopsis thaliana

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Skryabin ◽  
D. V. Alekseev ◽  
T. A. Ezhova ◽  
V. N. Kozlov ◽  
V. B. Kudryavtsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Floral Organ Identity ◽  
Organ Identity

scholarly journals Determination of floral organ identity by Arabidopsis MADS domain homeotic proteins AP1, AP3, PI, and AG is independent of their DNA-binding specificity.

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1243-1259 ◽  
Author(s):  
J L Riechmann ◽  
E M Meyerowitz
Keyword(s):  
Dna Binding ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Binding Specificity ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Floral Organ Identity ◽  
Chimeric Genes ◽  
Amino Terminal ◽  
Dna Binding Specificity ◽  
Organ Identity

The MADS domain homeotic proteins APETALA1 (AP1), APETALA3 (AP3), PISTILLATA (PI), and AGAMOUS (AG) combinatorially specify the identity of Arabidopsis floral organs. AP1/AP1, AG/AG, and AP3/PI dimers bind to similar CArG box sequences; thus, differences in DNA-binding specificity among these proteins do not seem to be the origin of their distinct organ identity properties. To assess the overall contribution that specific DNA binding could make to their biological specificity, we have generated chimeric genes in which the amino-terminal half of the MADS domain of AP1, AP3, PI, and AG was substituted by the corresponding sequences of human SRF and MEF2A proteins. In vitro DNA-binding assays reveal that the chimeric proteins acquired the respective, and distinct, DNA-binding specificity of SRF or MEF2A. However, ectopic expression of the chimeric genes reproduces the dominant gain-of-function phenotypes exhibited by plants ectopically expressing the corresponding Arabidopsis wild-type genes. In addition, both the SRF and MEF2 chimeric genes can complement the pertinent ap1-1, ap3-3, pi-1, or ag-3 mutations to a degree similar to that of AP1, AP3, PI, and AG when expressed under the control of the same promoter. These results indicate that determination of floral organ identity by the MADS domain homeotic proteins AP1, AP3, PI, and AG is independent of their DNA-binding specificity. In addition, the DNA-binding experiments show that either one of the two MADS domains of a dimer can be sufficient to confer a particular DNA-binding specificity to the complex and that sequences outside the amino-terminal basic region of the MADS domain can, in some cases, contribute to the DNA-binding specificity of the proteins.

scholarly journals The Origin of Floral Organ Identity Quartets

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Ruelens ◽  
Zhicheng Zhang ◽  
Hilda van Mourik ◽  
Steven Maere ◽  
Kerstin Kaufmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Floral Organ ◽  
Floral Organ Identity ◽  
Organ Identity

Alteration of floral organ identity in rice through ectopic expression of OsMADS16

Planta ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 217 (6) ◽  
pp. 904-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sichul Lee ◽  
Jong-Seong Jeon ◽  
Kyungsook An ◽  
Yong-Hwan Moon ◽  
Sanghee Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Floral Organ Identity ◽  
Organ Identity

scholarly journals N6-Methyladenosine in RNA and DNA: An Epitranscriptomic and Epigenetic Player Implicated in Determination of Stem Cell Fate

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengfei Ji ◽  
Xia Wang ◽  
Nina Xie ◽  
Yujing Li
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Stem Cell Fate ◽  
Base Modification ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation

Vast emerging evidences are linking the base modifications and determination of stem cell fate such as proliferation and differentiation. Among the base modification markers extensively studied, 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) and its oxidative derivatives (5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5-fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5-caC)) dynamically occur in DNA and RNA and have been acknowledged as important epigenetic markers involved in regulation of cellular biological processes. N6-Methyladenosine modification in DNA (m6dA), mRNA (m6A), tRNA, and other noncoding RNAs has been defined as another important epigenetic and epitranscriptomic marker in eukaryotes in recent years. The mRNA m6A modification has been characterized biochemically, molecularly, and phenotypically, including elucidation of its methyltransferase complexes (m6A writer), demethylases (m6A eraser), and direct interaction proteins (readers), while limited information on the DNA m6dA is available. The levels and the landscapes of m6A in the epitranscriptomes and epigenomes are precisely and dynamically regulated by the fine-tuned coordination of the writers and erasers in accordance with stages of the growth, development, and reproduction as naturally programmed during the lifespan. Additionally, progress has been made in appreciation of the link between aberrant m6A modification in stem cells and diseases, like cancers and neurodegenerative disorders. These achievements are inspiring scientists to further uncover the epigenetic mechanisms for stem cell development and to dissect pathogenesis of the multiple diseases conferred by development aberration of the stem cells. This review article will highlight the research advances in the role of m6A methylation modifications of DNA and RNA in the regulation of stem cell and genesis of the closely related disorders. Additionally, this article will also address the research directions in the future.

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