scholarly journals Hybridization affects life-history traits and host specificity in Diorhabda spp

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.V. Bitume ◽  
D. Bean ◽  
A.R. Stahlke ◽  
R.A. Hufbauer
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Life History ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Cross Hybridization ◽  
Evolutionary Force ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Adult Mass

AbstractHybridization is an influential evolutionary process that has been viewed alternatively as an evolutionary dead-end or as an important creative evolutionary force. In colonizing species, such as introduced biological control agents, hybridization can negate the effects of bottlenecks and genetic drift through increasing genetic variation. Such changes could be beneficial to a biological control program by increasing the chances of establishment success. However, hybridization can also lead to the emergence of transgressive phenotypes that could alter host specificity; an important consideration when assessing potential non-target impacts of planned agents. In a series of lab experiments, we investigated the effects of hybridization between three species of Diorhabda released to control invasive Tamarix (saltcedar) on life history traits through two generations, and through the third generation for one cross. Depending on the cross, hybridization had either a positive or neutral impact on development time, adult mass, and fecundity. We evaluated preference for the target (saltcedar) relative to a non-target host Tamarixaphylla (athel), and found host specificity patterns varied in two of the three hybrids, demonstrating the possibility for hybridization to alter host preference. Importantly, the overall effects of hybridization were inconsistent by cross, leading to unpredictability in the outcome of using hybrids in biological control.

scholarly journals The systematics and biology of Cotesia nonagriae (Olliff) stat. rev. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae), a newly recognized member of the Cotesia flavipes species complex

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1846 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATE MUIRHEAD ◽  
ANDREW AUSTIN ◽  
MOHAMED SALLAM
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Life History ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Cotesia Flavipes ◽  
Taxonomic Study ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Taxonomic History ◽  
Biological Differences

The Australian species Cotesia nonagriae Olliff stat. rev. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is redescribed and formally removed from synonymy with C. flavipes based on molecular, morphological and biological differences. The taxonomic history and phylogenetic relationships of C. nonagriae with other members of the C. flavipes complex are presented and underscore the importance of molecular-based identification within this group. The biology of C. nonagriae on the native noctuid stemborer host, Bathytricha truncata (Walker), is compared with previously recorded C. flavipes life history traits. The implications of this taxonomic study relative to biological control and importation of stemborer parasitoids into Australia are discussed.

Life history traits of Blaptostethus pallescens (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), a candidate for use in augmentative biological control in Egypt

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Islam S. Sobhy ◽  
Amany M. Abdul-Hamid ◽  
Awad A. Sarhan ◽  
Ahmed A. Shoukry ◽  
Nasser S. Mandour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Augmentative Biological Control

scholarly journals A REVIEW OF THE BALSAM WOOLLY APHID IN NEWFOUNDLAND

1960 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Carroll ◽  
D. G. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Forest Insect ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Climatic Control ◽  
Woolly Aphid ◽  
Two Generations

The balsam woolly aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.), first recorded in Newfoundland in 1949, is now the most serious forest insect pest in the Province, having spread over an area of more than 1,600 square miles. Its host is balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. There are three separate infestations, the largest and most important being in southwestern Newfoundland. The aphid has two generations a year. A biological control program was initiated in 1952 and seven species of predators have been released, three of which are established. Silvicultural and climatic control factors are discussed and the possibilities for the extension of outbreaks are considered.

Life history traits of Aedes caspius (Diptera: Culicidae): a laboratory study of larval stages

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 431-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Carron ◽  
L. Bichaud ◽  
N. Platz ◽  
D.J. Bicout
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Aedes Caspius ◽  
Development Times ◽  
Two Populations

AbstractThe larval survival and development times of Aedes caspius (Diptera: Culicidae) were examined in the laboratory. These life history traits were estimated using life tables constructed for two populations, one of which had been subjected to a long-term larvicide control program. Traits were evaluated for eight different population densities. The effects of population, larval stage and larval density were investigated using a general linear model. Density was positively correlated with larval survival but did not affect development time. The fourth instar and pupae had the lowest larval survival rates. First and fourth instar larvae had the longest development times. These traits were not significantly different between the two populations. The effect of larvicide control on these traits is discussed.

Infection success of different trematode genotypes in two alternative intermediate hosts: evidence for intraspecific specialization?

Parasitology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. F. LEUNG ◽  
R. POULIN
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Bivalve Species ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Austrovenus Stutchburyi ◽  
Different Populations

SUMMARYThe evolution of host specificity and the potential trade-off between being a generalist and a specialist are central issues in the evolutionary ecology of parasites. Different species of parasites or even different populations of the same species often show different degrees of host specificity. However, less is known about intraspecific variation in host specificity within a population. We investigated intraspecific variation by experimentally exposing cercariae from different clones of the trematodeCurtuteria australisto two species of second intermediate hosts, the New Zealand cockleAustrovenus stutchburyiand the wedge shellMacomona liliana. We found an overall difference in infection success between the two bivalve species, withA. stutchburyibeing the more heavily infected host. However, the cercariae showed a consistent preference for encysting at the tip of the bivalve's foot, regardless of host species. Importantly, there were no significant differences among parasite clones in either relative infection success in the two hosts or preference for the host foot tip. This lack of intraspecific variation may be due to the life-history traits of both parasite and hosts in our system, which may limit opportunities for variation in performance and exploitation strategies in different hosts to evolve within the population.

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