scholarly journals CENP-A associated lncRNAs influence chromosome segregation in human cells

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delphine Quénet ◽  
David Sturgill ◽  
Marin Olson ◽  
Yamini Dalal
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Histone Variant ◽  
Data Support ◽  
Dna Elements

ABSTRACTTranscription occurs ubiquitously throughout non-coding parts of the genome, including at repetitive α-satellite DNA elements which comprise the majority of human centromeres. The function of temporally regulated centromeric transcription, and transcripts, is consequently a topic of intense investigation. In this study, we use high throughput approaches to identify and describe lncRNAs associated with the centromere specific histone variant CENP-A that arise from the transcription of specific centromeres at early G1, which we then show are physically associated with centromeres, and which are functionally necessary for accurate chromosome segregation. Targeted depletion of one such centromeric RNA, which originates from a single centromere, is sufficient to increase the frequency of chromosome segregation defects. These data support the emerging paradigm of the necessity of centromere-specific lncRNAs in the integrity of faithful chromosome segregation.

scholarly journals Novel Genes Required for Meiotic Chromosome Segregation Are Identified by a High-Throughput Knockout Screen in Fission Yeast

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (18) ◽  
pp. 1663-1669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juraj Gregan ◽  
Peter K. Rabitsch ◽  
Benjamin Sakem ◽  
Ortansa Csutak ◽  
Vitaly Latypov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Novel Genes

scholarly journals DeepTetrad: high-throughput analysis of meiotic tetrads by deep learning in plants

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun-Cheon Lim ◽  
Jaeil Kim ◽  
Jihye Park ◽  
Eun-Jung Kim ◽  
Juhyun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Genetic Dissection ◽  
Crossover Frequency ◽  
Tetrad Analysis ◽  
High Throughput Analysis ◽  
Crossover Interference ◽  
Pollen Tetrad

AbstractMeiotic crossovers facilitate chromosome segregation and create new combinations of alleles in gametes. Crossover frequency varies along chromosomes and crossover interference limits the coincidence of closely spaced crossovers. Crossovers can be measured by observing the inheritance of linked transgenes expressing different colors of fluorescent protein in Arabidopsis pollen tetrads. Here we establish DeepTetrad, a deep learning-based image recognition package for pollen tetrad analysis that enables high-throughput measurements of crossover frequency and interference in individual plants. DeepTetrad will accelerate genetic dissection of mechanisms that control meiotic recombination.

Connecting Microbial Population Genetics with Microbial Pathogenesis Engineering Microfluidic Cell Arrays for High-throughput Interrogation of Host-Pathogen Interaction

2011 ◽  
pp. 533-548
Author(s):  
Palaniappan Sethu ◽  
Kalyani Putty ◽  
Yongsheng Lian ◽  
Awdhesh Kalia
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Cell Array ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Gradient Generator ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Host Pathogen

A bacterial species typically includes heterogeneous collections of genetically diverse isolates. How genetic diversity within bacterial populations influences the clinical outcome of infection remains mostly indeterminate. In part, this is due to a lack of technologies that can enable contemporaneous systems-level interrogation of host-pathogen interaction using multiple, genetically diverse bacterial strains. This chapter presents a prototype microfluidic cell array (MCA) that allows simultaneous elucidation of molecular events during infection of human cells in a semi-automated fashion. It shows that infection of human cells with up to sixteen genetically diverse bacterial isolates can be studied simultaneously. The versatility of MCAs is enhanced by incorporation of a gradient generator that allows interrogation of host-pathogen interaction under four different concentrations of any given environmental variable at the same time. Availability of high throughput MCAs should foster studies that can determine how differences in bacterial gene pools and concentration-dependent environmental variables affect the outcome of host-pathogen interaction.

scholarly journals Intrinsic elasticity of nucleosomes is encoded by histone variants and calibrated by their binding partners

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (48) ◽  
pp. 24066-24074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniël P. Melters ◽  
Mary Pitman ◽  
Tatini Rakshit ◽  
Emilios K. Dimitriadis ◽  
Minh Bui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Histone Variants ◽  
Histone Variant ◽  
Binding Partners ◽  
Damage Repair ◽  
Fine Tune

Histone variants fine-tune transcription, replication, DNA damage repair, and faithful chromosome segregation. Whether and how nucleosome variants encode unique mechanical properties to their cognate chromatin structures remains elusive. Here, using in silico and in vitro nanoindentation methods, extending to in vivo dissections, we report that histone variant nucleosomes are intrinsically more elastic than their canonical counterparts. Furthermore, binding proteins, which discriminate between histone variant nucleosomes, suppress this innate elasticity and also compact chromatin. Interestingly, when we overexpress the binding proteins in vivo, we also observe increased compaction of chromatin enriched for histone variant nucleosomes, correlating with diminished access. Taken together, these data suggest a plausible link between innate mechanical properties possessed by histone variant nucleosomes, the adaptability of chromatin states in vivo, and the epigenetic plasticity of the underlying locus.

scholarly journals High Throughput Analyses of Budding Yeast ARSs Reveal New DNA Elements Capable of Conferring Centromere-Independent Plasmid Propagation

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 993-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Hoggard ◽  
Ivan Liachko ◽  
Cassaundra Burt ◽  
Troy Meikle ◽  
Katherine Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Budding Yeast ◽  
Dna Elements

scholarly journals The nucleolar phosphataseCdc14Bis dispensable for chromosome segregation and mitotic exit in human cells

Cell Cycle ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1184-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eli Berdougo ◽  
Maxence V. Nachury ◽  
Peter K. Jackson ◽  
Prasad V. Jallepalli
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
Mitotic Exit ◽  
Human Cells

scholarly journals The RAD51 recombinase protects mitotic chromatin in human cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel E. Wassing ◽  
Emily Graham ◽  
Xanita Saayman ◽  
Lucia Rampazzo ◽  
Christine Ralf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
Genome Stability ◽  
Spindle Assembly Checkpoint ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Genomic Stability ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Genome Integrity ◽  
Chromosomal Replication ◽  
Anaphase Onset ◽  
Mitotic Chromatin

AbstractThe RAD51 recombinase plays critical roles in safeguarding genome integrity, which is fundamentally important for all living cells. While interphase functions of RAD51 in maintaining genome stability are well-characterised, its role in mitosis remains contentious. In this study, we show that RAD51 protects under-replicated DNA in mitotic human cells and, in this way, promotes mitotic DNA synthesis (MiDAS) and successful chromosome segregation. In cells experiencing mild replication stress, MiDAS was detected irrespective of mitotically generated DNA damage. MiDAS broadly required de novo RAD51 recruitment to single-stranded DNA, which was supported by the phosphorylation of RAD51 by the key mitotic regulator Polo-like kinase 1. Importantly, acute inhibition of MiDAS delayed anaphase onset and induced centromere fragility, suggesting a mechanism that prevents the satisfaction of the spindle assembly checkpoint while chromosomal replication remains incomplete. This study hence identifies an unexpected function of RAD51 in promoting genomic stability in mitosis.

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