scholarly journals EXTENDING THE UTILITY OF THE WHO RECOMMENDED ASSAY FOR DIRECT DETECTION OF ENTEROVIRUSES FROM CLINICAL SPECIMEN FOR RESOLVING POLIOVIRUS CO-INFECTION

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temitope Oluwasegun Cephas Faleye ◽  
Moses Olubusuyi Adewumi ◽  
Naomi Princess Ozegbe ◽  
Oluwaseun Elijah Ogunsakin ◽  
Grace Ariyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Detection ◽  
Clinical Specimen ◽  
Active Participation ◽  
Assay Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Free World ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Enterovirus Type ◽  
Reference Samples ◽  
Forward Primer

ABSTRACTIn a polio-free world there might be reduced funding for poliovirus surveillance. There is therefore the need to ensure that enterovirologist globally, especially those outside the global polio laboratory network (GPLN), can participate in poliovirus surveillance without neglecting their enterovirus type of interest. To accomplish this, assays are needed that allow such active participation.In this light, we used 15 previously identified enterovirus isolates as reference samples for assay development. The first eight were enterovirus species B (EV-B). The remaining seven were EV-Cs; three of which were poliovirus (PV) 1, 2 and 3, respectively. A 16th sample was compounded; a mixture of two EV-Bs, three PVs and one nonPV EV-Cs (all part of the 15). In all, four samples contained PVs with the 16th consisting of mixture of the three PV types. All were subjected to the WHO recommended RT-snPCR assay, and five other modified (with substitution of the second round PCR forward primer) assays. The new primers included the previously described Species Resolution Primers (SRPs; 187and 189) and the Poliovirus Resolution Primers (PRPs: Sab 1, 2 and 3). All amplicons were sequenced and isolate identity confirmed using the Enterovirus Genotyping Tool.The PRPs detected PV types in only the four samples that contained PVs. In addition, it was able to show that the sample 16 (mixture) contained all the three PV types. On the other hand, though the SRPs and the WHO assay also detected the three singleton PVs, in sample 16, they both detected only one of the three PV types present.This study describes a sensitive and specific utility extension of the recently recommended WHO RT-snPCR assay that enables independent detection of the three poliovirus types especially in cases of co-infection. More importantly, it piggy-backs on the first round PCR product of the WHO recommended assay and consequently ensures that enterovirologists interested in nonpolio enteroviruses can continue their investigations, and contribute significantly and specifically to poliovirus surveillance, by using the excess of their first round PCR product.

scholarly journals Discourses on the nursing and psychiatric nurse models, published in the Annals of Nursing (1933-1951)

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle de Macedo Pereira ◽  
Maria Itayra Padilha ◽  
Alexandre Barbosa de Oliveira ◽  
Tânia Cristina Franco Santos ◽  
Antonio José de Almeida Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Active Participation ◽  
Psychiatric Nursing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Psychiatric Nurse ◽  
Historical Sources

Social-historical study aimed at discussing the nursing and psychiatric nurse models, from the discourses published in the Annals of Nursing. The historical sources were articles published in the Annals of Nursing journal, from 1933 to 1951. An analysis of the discourse was subsidized by the genealogy of power by Michel Foucault. The analysis showed that the discourse on nursing and the psychiatric nurse, in the first half of the 20th century, is set, on one side, by the propositions used by psychiatrists, who sought to reiterate stereotypes and vocations to practice nursing, and, on the other side, by the active participation of nurses seeking to legitimize expertise for psychiatric nursing. It was concluded that the discourses analyzed defined a psychiatric care focused on the nurse and not the rest of the nursing staff, at that time.

scholarly journals Sequencing of Gliotoxin Genes in Clinical and Environmental Aspergillus fumigatus isolates in Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Russel S. Abdulhadi ◽  
Nemat J. Abdulbaqi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Conventional Pcr ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Commercial Kit ◽  
Forward Primer

Gliotoxin is an important virulence factors in Aspergillus fumigatus. The biosynthesis of this mycotoxin is regulated and expressed by the presence of gliP genes. This study aimed to identify Aspergillus fumigatus isolates in clinical and environmental sources with glip genes using conventional PCR and sequence. To achieve this, DNA was isolated from twenty A. fumigatus isolates using commercial kit. The range of the DNA extracted was 65-210 ng/μl with a purity of 1.5-1.9. Species identification of the A. fumigatus isolates was achieved to a high specificity by using tailored primer. The results showed that all isolates had positive results to the primer and all isolates were able to produce gliotoxin. PCR detected the gliotoxin genes, glip in five isolates. The five PCR product samples were sent for sequence analysis and 25 µl (10 pmol) from the forward primer. The results of all the samples  indicated have a  single band of the desired product of gliP gene of A.fumigatus and the samples sent for sequencing related to molecular weight 190 bp.

Are You a Crusader?

2018 ◽  
pp. 206-242
Author(s):  
Mischa Honeck
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Baby Boomers ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Active Participation ◽  
Postwar Period ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Free World ◽  
Global Order

Moving into the postwar period, this chapter demonstrates how the figure of the endangered and civically engaged boy was mapped onto U.S. constructions of a Cold War citizenry prepared to protect the “free world” from Soviet aggression and the menace of a nuclear holocaust. Tripling its membership with the influx of the baby boomers, the BSA was ideally positioned to marshal the rising generation around the project of a liberal empire in pursuit of domestic and global order. An updated version of “world brotherhood” presented patriotism and peace as indistinguishable duties, recast the exercise of U.S. power as benevolent support for an ailing planet, and taught American Scouts that assuming global responsibilities would earn them the friendship and gratitude of foreign youths. Cold War Scouting’s insistence on paternal authority and religiosity, to be sure, depended on the active participation of boys growing up to the sounds and images of a modern teen culture and a swelling civil rights movement.

Experience the Experimental

Contracultura ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Popular Music ◽  
Active Participation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Experimental Writing ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
Mass Audience ◽  
Other Hand

Chapter 2 explores the connections between the artistic avantgarde and the counterculture. A small, but influential group of artists sometimes identified as “marginal” or “underground” coalesced in the aftermath of Tropicália. Cultura marginal may be located at the intersection of two cultural phenomenon: On one hand it had deep affinities with the emergent counterculture. On the other hand, cultura marginal was indebted to the mid-century constructivist avant-garde, especially neo-concretism. The author discusses the work of experimental artist, Hélio Oiticica and Lygia Clark, who developed a series of environmental and performative works that demanded the active participation of spectators to create meaning. The author explores Oiticica’s dialogue with experimental writer and songwriter, Waly Salomão, whose work circulated within the rarified field of experimental writing, while also finding a mass audience through popular music, notably in the performances of Gal Costa. The author devotes a section to the journalist and artist Torquato Neto, who promoted cultura marginal and also performed in “Nosferato no Brasil,” a celebrated example of Super 8 film. Finally, the author analyzes the publication Navilouca, a graphic and textual project that brought together key figures of cultura marginal and the avantgarde.

Identification of Different Crystalline Forms of Diatrizoic Acid

1978 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-75
Author(s):  
Victor A Folen ◽  
George Schwartzman ◽  
Millard Maienthal ◽  
Wilson L Brannon
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Thermal Gravimetric ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
No Weight Loss ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Crystalline Forms ◽  
Reference Samples

Abstract Standard reference samples of diatrizoic acid gave 2 different infrared (IR) spectra, x-ray diffraction patterns, and differential thermal and thermal gravimetric curves. One form, the anhydrous acid, shows no weight loss when heated to 170°C. The other form, the dihydrate, loses 5.36% of its weight when heated from 86 to 144°C. The anhydrous diatrizoic acid is the preferred reference standard, because it has an IR spectrum and x-ray diffraction pattern suitable for identification purposes.

An Experiment On Spacing-Out as a Defence Against Predation

Behaviour ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 307-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Franck ◽  
M. Impekoven ◽  
N. Tinbergen
Keyword(s):  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Standard Sample ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Detection Distance ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Density Dependent Mortality ◽  
Scattered Population ◽  
Dependent Mortality

AbstractThe paper is concerned with the tracing of a selection pressure which would account for the fact (believed to be sufficiently well established) that individuals of many well-camouflaged species live further away from other individuals of their species than the distance from which even bird predators are able to detect them. Artificially camouflaged hens' eggs were laid out in plots of different densities. Wild Carrion Crows were attracted to each plot by a standard "sample egg" which, while painted in the same way as the other eggs on the uppermost half, was laid out in a more conspicuous way. In spite of the fact that the Crows spent more time searching in the "scattered" than in the "crowded" plots, the crowded eggs suffered a much higher mortality. It is concluded that even for individuals of a well-camouflaged species it must be of advantage to live further away from others than the Direct Detection Distance of their predators. However, the experiments do not show that a crowded population as a whole suffers higher predation than a scattered population; experiments to test this and other aspects of the problem are in progress. It is argued that the absolute values of the density dependent mortality scores of the experiments cannot be applied to natural populations, because their density will in most cases be determined by other ultimate factors as well.

Identification and Characterization of L1-Mediated Large Tandem Duplication, Spanning Exon 4 to 10 of the F13A1, In a Patient with Congenital Factor XIII Deficiency.

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 3659-3659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Inaba ◽  
Keiko Shinozawa ◽  
Kagehiro Amano ◽  
Katsuyuki Fukutake
Keyword(s):  
Factor Xiii ◽  
Tandem Duplication ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Reverse Primer ◽  
Exon 9 ◽  
Exon 4 ◽  
L1 Element ◽  
Exon 10 ◽  
Forward Primer

Abstract Abstract 3659 Blood coagulation factor XIII (FXIII) is a plasma glycoprotein that plays an important role in the stabilization of fibrin clot in the final stage of blood coagulation. The FXIII circulates as a heterotetramer composed of two A and two B subunits in plasma. The A subunit (FXIIIA) possesses catalytic activity and this catalytic subunit is carried and protected by the B subunit (FXIIIB). Inherited deficiency of FXIII is a rare autosomal recessive bleeding disorder. Based on the genotype, it is classified into two types: FXIIIA deficiency (>95% of all cases), characterized by mutations in the F13A1 gene, and FXIIIB deficiency, characterized by mutations in the F13B gene. At the time of writing, at least 86 different mutations, most of which are point mutations, have been identified and registered in the F13-database. Here we show a novel, large tandem duplication in the F13A1 gene of a patient with congenital factor XIII deficiency. A female patient, born to consanguineous parents, suffered from severe bleeding diathesis, including menorrhagia, intracranial hemorrhage and ovarian hemorrhage, from childhood. Bleeding manifestations had been successfully controlled by monthly prophylactic replacement therapy using factor XIII concentrate (Fibrogammin). Trough levels of both factor XIII activity and antigen were 19% (Berichrom FXIII) and <10% (ELISA method), respectively. No pathogenic mutations associated with FXIII deficiency were detected from nucleotide sequencing of the coding region, 5′-UTR and 3′-UTR of both F13A1 and F13B. However, from an observation of the RT-PCR amplification state, the F13A1 mRNA level of the patient was apparently lower than that of healthy individuals. This result suggested the existence of abnormalities in the patient's F13A1. Relative exon copy number analysis using real-time PCR revealed two times as many of the continuing 7 exons (exon 4–10) as in the remaining region of the F13A1. This is likely due to some genomic rearrangement, probably homologous recombination in the F13A1 gene. IVS-3 and IVS-10 of F13A1 were very large and contained many repetitive sequences. The existence of an almost full-length (≂f6kb) L1 element, a well known long interspersed repetitive element (LINE) in humans, in both introns suggests that the recombination might arise from the L1 element. The provision of the PCR product (amplified by an IVS-10 specific forward primer and an IVS-3 specific reverse primer) confirmed that IVS-10 connected to IVS-3 with L1 as the boundary. Furthermore, sequencing this PCR product identified the 15bp sequence in the L1 element as an actual breakpoint. Taken together with the results of the analysis of the genomic DNA, this confirmed that the L1-mediated large (≂f109kb) tandem duplication was located in the patient's F13A1. In order to quantify the F13A1 mRNA, a relative real-time PCR quantification was performed using TaqMan Gene Expression Assays. Three different positions: one upstream of duplication (Exon2-3), one at duplication (Exon5-6) and one downstream of the duplication (Exon13-14) were used. The mRNA level of the patient was a markedly low compared to the normal control and the duplicated region (28% of normal) was clearly higher than both the upstream and downstream positions (9% of normal for each). This result reflected that the mRNA was probably maintaining the duplication. In order to analyze the mRNA splicing of the joint between the two duplicated regions, RT-PCR using a forward primer in exon 9 and a reverse primer in exon 4 of F13A1 was performed. Two major transcripts were amplified. The larger transcript was the product that keeps the genomic exon order and connects exon 10 to 4. However, the transcript is thought to lead to frameshift and to generate premature termination codon in exon 4. The other was the product that was skipping exon 10 and connected exon 9 to 4. This transcript is thought to escape frameshift and may translate to the unusual extra large FXIIIA. However, it is unlikely that the protein translated from the extra large mRNA circulates in blood. In conclusion, we identified an L1-mediated large tandem duplication, spanning exon 4 to 10 of the F13A1 gene, as an etiology of the congenital FXIII deficiency. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

GEOPHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN 1962

Geophysics ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1049-1071
Author(s):  
Neal J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
The Other ◽  
Free World ◽  
Geophysical Exploration ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Ground Magnetic

Petroleum geophysical exploration in the Free World, consisting of seismic, gravity, ground magnetic, and other nonairborne geophysical methods, declined 10.0 percent over 1961. This is the sharpest in the continual series of declines that began in 1957 and amounts to a loss of 1,008 crew‐months; it is 32 percent down from the peak year of 1956. Airborne magnetometer activity, on the other hand, rose from 347,841 line‐miles in 1961 to 433,473, an increase of 25 percent.

scholarly journals Extending the utility of the WHO recommended assay for direct detection of enteroviruses from clinical specimen for resolving poliovirus co-infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Temitope Oluwasegun Cephas Faleye ◽  
Moses Olubusuyi Adewumi ◽  
Naomi Princess Ozegbe ◽  
Oluwaseun Elijah Ogunsakin ◽  
Grace Ariyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Detection ◽  
Clinical Specimen

Quality control methods for thermally modified wood

Holzforschung ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 875-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim Willems ◽  
Charalampos Lykidis ◽  
Michael Altgen ◽  
Lothar Clauder
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Chemical Marker ◽  
Commercial Success ◽  
Thermally Modified Wood ◽  
Reference Samples ◽  
Modified Wood

Abstract Thermally modified wood (TMW) is currently produced commercially by a range of processes across many countries. A prerequisite of the commercial success is an efficient quality control (QC), and methods with this regard are discussed in this review. When direct measurement of the key attribute of the material is not feasible, QC is based on a suitably chosen physical or chemical “marker”. A critical evaluation of currently applied markers reveals that most of them only provide data for comparative purposes for a particular species and/or over a narrow process range. Such markers do not allow making an objective judgment of quality, which is independent of process information or reference samples provided by the manufacturer. On the other hand, they can be very useful for monitoring product variability in the TMW factory and wood during the heat treatment. Recommendations for future development are the general validation of (combinations of) known TMW markers for different wood species and processes, resulting in (1) a reliable and fast laboratory QC method for given samples of unknown origin, (2) a simple and fast indicative QC test for end users, and (3) in-line product markers for feedback-controlled production.

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