scholarly journals Resilience, Invariability, and Ecological Stability across Levels of Organization

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Haegeman ◽  
Jean-François Arnoldi ◽  
Shaopeng Wang ◽  
Claire de Mazancourt ◽  
José M. Montoya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Complete Loss ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Loss Of Stability ◽  
Stability Studies ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
Broad Concept ◽  
Variable Species

AbstractEcological stability is a bewildering broad concept. The most common stability measures are asymptotic resilience, widely used in theoretical studies, and measures based on temporal variability, commonly used in empirical studies. We construct measures of invariability, defined as the inverse of variability, that can be directly compared with asymptotic resilience. We show that asymptotic resilience behaves like the invariability of the most variable species, which is often a rare species close to its extinction boundary. Therefore, asymptotic resilience displays complete loss of stability with changes in community composition. In contrast, mean population invariability and ecosystem invariability are insensitive to rare species and quantify stability consistently whether details of species composition are considered or not. Invariability provides a consistent framework to predict diversity-stability relationships that agree with empirical data at population and ecosystem levels. Our findings can enhance the dialogue between theoretical and empirical stability studies.

scholarly journals How ecosystems recover from pulse perturbations: A theory of short- to long-term responses

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-F. Arnoldi ◽  
A. Bideault ◽  
M. Loreau ◽  
B. Haegeman
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Median Response ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Recovery Dynamics

AbstractQuantifying stability properties of ecosystems is an important problem in ecology. A common approach is based on the recovery from pulse perturbations, and posits that the faster ecosystems return to their pre-perturbation state, the more stable they are. In theoretical studies the recovery dynamics are often collapsed into a single quantity: the long-term rate of return, called asymptotic resilience. However, empirical studies typically measure the recovery dynamics at much shorter time scales. In this paper we explain why asymptotic resilience is rarely representative of the short-term recovery. First, we show that, in contrast to asymptotic resilience, short-term return rates depend on features of the perturbation, in particular on the way its intensity is distributed over species. We argue that empirically relevant predictions can be obtained by considering the median response over a set of perturbations, for which we provide explicit formulas. Next, we show that the recovery dynamics are controlled through time by different species: abundant species tend to govern the short-term recovery, while rare species often dominate the long-term recovery. This shift from abundant to rare species typically causes short-term return rates to be unrelated to asymptotic resilience. Finally, we discuss how these findings might help to better connect empirical observations and theoretical predictions.

scholarly journals Money: An Integrated Review and Synthesis From a Psychological Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xijing Wang ◽  
Zhansheng Chen ◽  
Eva G. Krumhuber
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Goal Pursuit ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Psychological Perspective ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Social Distinction ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Broad Concept ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Future Work

Many empirical studies have demonstrated the psychological effects of various aspects of money, including the aspiration for money, mere thoughts about money, possession of money, and placement of people in economic contexts. Although multiple aspects of money and varied methodologies have been focused on and implemented, the underlying mechanisms of the empirical findings from these seemingly isolated areas significantly overlap. In this article, we operationalize money as a broad concept and take a novel approach by providing an integrated review of the literature and identifying five major streams of mechanisms: (a) self-focused behavior; (b) inhibited other-oriented behavior; (c) favoring of a self–other distinction; (d) money’s relationship with self-esteem and self-efficacy; and (e) goal pursuit, objectification, outcome maximization, and unethicality. Moreover, we propose a unified psychological perspective for the future—money as an embodiment of social distinction—which could potentially account for past findings and generate future work.

scholarly journals Theoretical Developments In Environmental Management Accounting And The Role And Importance Of MFCA

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mishelle Doorasamy
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Management Accounting ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Company Performance ◽  
Management Decision Making ◽  
Environmental Management Accounting

Abstract Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) is a broader concept of accounting which uses accounting tools and practices to support company-internal management decision making on environmental issues and its impact on company performance. Research on EMA can be divided into two broad categories: theoretical and empirical studies. The theoretical studies based on framework that aim to explain the nature of the relationship between economic and environmental performance and the adoption of Environmental Management Accounting in a business environment. The empirical studies follow two lines of research, instrumental studies aim to empirically test the relationships hypothesized in theoretical studies; descriptive studies are intended to examine the factors that encourage the adoption of EMA. This review paper examined the role of MFCA in identifying non-product output (waste) and its impact on an organisations profitability. Various case studies are examined in this article that demonstrates MFCA to an important environmental management tool to ensure future sustainability of an organisation.

scholarly journals Ocena pozycji walut kluczowych międzynarodowego systemu walutowego w latach 1990 – 2016 i perspektywy zmian

2017 ◽  
Vol 17(32) (2) ◽  
pp. 267-286
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Twarowska
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
International Monetary System ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Currency Area ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
Trade Potential ◽  
System Methodology ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the paper is to analyze and evaluate the position of the key currencies as a determinant of changes in the functioning of the international monetary system. Methodology includes theoretical studies (scientific literature and research reports) and empirical studies (statistical analysis of BIS, IMF, SWIFT, ECB, UNCTAD data). The analysis makes it possible to conclude that the dollar remains the main international currency, and the creation of a single currency area in the EU has not led to the expected changes in the main currencies positions as well as the euro has not reached the position of the second global currency competing effectively against the dollar as a global currency. Moreover, the growing economic and trade potential of China and the transformation of the global economic power are not reflected in the changes of developing countries’ currencies positions in the functions of global money. The presented scenarios of the IMS transformation do not give a clear answer about the future of the key currencies, but the implementation of a single global currency seems too difficult in the current conditions.

scholarly journals AN ANALYSIS OF THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL STIDIES ON METADISCOURSE

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 118-127
Author(s):  
Lichan Wang ◽  
Yi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Future Studies

Metadiscourse refers to the method in organizing discourse, expressing the writer’s attitudes towards the texts and readers. It has been studied by many scholars in discourse analysis in recent years. This article reviewed previous studies on metadiscourse, including definitions, classifications, theoretical studies and empirical studies. Moreover, critical comments on previous studies of metadiscourse were discussed. The analysis suggests that more studies are supposed to focus on different discourse genres and interdisciplinary research could also be explored in future studies.

Taxonomic note on Calymperes flaviusculum, a synonym of C. moluccense (Calympereaceae, Bryophyta)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 399 (2) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
ORAWANYA SUWANMALA ◽  
SI HE ◽  
LEONARD T. ELLIS ◽  
SAHUT CHANTANAORRAPINT
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Taxonomic Note ◽  
Broad Concept ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
Variable Species ◽  
The Indian Ocean

Calymperes Sw. ex Weber (1813) is the second largest genus in the family Calymperaceae (after Syrrhopodon Schwägrichen (1824: 110)) and comprises approximately 53 accepted species worldwide, mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions (Frey & Stech 2009). It is easily separated from other genera of the Calymperaceae by its distinctive sporophytes, which lack peristome teeth, but possess a persistent calyptra. Calymperes palisotii Schwägrichen (1816: 334) is an extremely variable species, occurring from the Neotropics, across Africa, through the islands of the Indian Ocean, to India and Sri Lanka, rarely penetrating eastwards into Indochina and Malesia (Ellis 2018). In their broad concept, Reese & Mohamed (1985) treated many species of Calymperes as synonyms of C. palisotii. These included C. moluccense Schwägrichen (1824: 99) a highly variable species from Malaysia and Oceania. Based on an examination of a wide range of materials of C. palisotii, Ellis (1987) considered that C. moluccense was quite different from C. palisotii, and reinstated C. moluccense as a good species, placing in synonymy with the latter, several taxa also previously regarded as synonyms of C. palisotii (Ellis 1987).

Notes on new and misunderstood taxa of Cyrtanthus (Amaryllidaceae: Cyrtantheae) from the Western Cape, Eastern Cape and KwaZulu- Natal, South Africa

Bothalia ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Snijman
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Leaf Habit ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Riverine Habitat ◽  
Variable Species ◽  
Cyrtanthus Mackenii

Cyrtanthus aureolinus Snijman is a new, rare species of fire lily, which is localized in a vlei on the northern slopes of the Groot Swartberg, Western Cape. The upright or slightly spreading, yellow to cream-coloured flowers and the perigone tube which gradually widens to the throat suggest that it is closely related to the Western Cape endemic, C.  ochroleucus (Herb.) Burch, ex Steud., and C. mackenii Hook.f., a variable species from southern KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape. The species differs mainly by the shape, size and position of the tepals and the length of the filaments. Cyrtanthus mackenii var. cooperi (Baker) R.A.Dyer is raised to subspecies rank as C.  mackenii subsp. cooperi (Baker) Snijman. Its hysteranthous leaf habit and grassland habitat differ from the riverine habitat of the evergreen C. mackenii subsp. mackenii. Described in detail are C. aureolinus, C. ochroleucus, and C. mackenii.

Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy: A Descriptive Review (2000 to July 2016)

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Caro Gabalda
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
To Come ◽  
Areas Of Interest ◽  
Cognitive Psychotherapy

Background: TheBehavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy(BCP) Journal is the main academic publication of theBritish Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies. It publishes empirical studies, reviews and theoretical papers, brief reports and single cases.Aim: To describe the main areas of interest and focus in BCP papers.Method: All the papers published in BCP from 2000 to July 2016 were analysed. A categorization procedure was followed with 813 contributions in six main areas: main author country; main author gender; kind of contribution; kind of therapeutic approaches; kind of samples; kind of focus/topic.Results: Although the journal's scope is international, first authors tend to come from English-speaking countries. Since 2009, females contribute more than males. Empirical studies surpass theoretical studies and reviews, while the main therapy denomination is cognitive behavioural therapy. Variability of samples is wide, and ranges from analogues to main disorders. Finally, the main focus of papers is to study change and psychopathology, therapists’ training and improvement of CBT.Conclusion: Given the total number of categorized papers, it can be tentatively assumed that they could exemplify some main areas of interest and evolvement in the cognitive and behavioural field.

scholarly journals Challenging Conventional Paradigms in Applied Sports Biomechanics Research

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Stephen Glazier ◽  
Sina Mehdizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Simulation Modelling ◽  
Performance Criterion ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Sports Biomechanics ◽  
Interpretation Of Results

This paper evaluates the effectiveness of, and highlights issues with, conventional paradigms in applied sports biomechanics research and comments on their capacity to optimise techniques of individual athletes. In empirical studies, group-based analyses often mask variability between athletes and only permit probabilistic ‘in general’ or ‘on average’ statements that may not be applicable to specific athletes. In individual-based analyses, performance parameters typically exhibit a small range and a flat response over iterative performance trials making establishing associations between performance parameters and the performance criterion problematic. In theoretical studies, computer simulation modelling putatively enables athlete-specific optimum techniques to be identified but, given each athlete’s unique intrinsic dynamics, it is far from certain that these optimum techniques will be attainable, particularly under the often-intense psychological pressures of competition, irrespective of the volume of practice undertaken. Sports biomechanists and coaching practitioners are advised to be more circumspect with regard to interpreting the results of applied sports biomechanics research and have greater awareness of their assumptions and limitations, as inappropriate interpretation of results may have adverse consequences for performance and injury.

scholarly journals The inherent multidimensionality of temporal variability: how common and rare species shape stability patterns

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1557-1567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean‐François Arnoldi ◽  
Michel Loreau ◽  
Bart Haegeman
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Shape Stability
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document