scholarly journals Evolutionary Genetics of Insecticide Resistance and the Effects of Chemical Rotation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan J. Siniard ◽  
Michael J. Wade ◽  
Douglas W. Drury
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Evolutionary Genetics ◽  
Stochastic Simulations ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Laboratory Population ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Repeated Use ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Quantitative Genetic Parameters

AbstractRepeated use of the same class of pesticides to control a target pest is a form of artificial selection that leads to pesticide resistance. We studied insecticide resistance and cross-resistance to five commercial insecticides in each of six populations of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. We estimated the dosage response curves for lethality in each parent population for each insecticide and found an 800-fold difference among populations in resistance to insecticides. As expected, a naïve laboratory population was among the most sensitive of populations to most insecticides. We then used inbred lines derived from five of these populations to estimate the heritability (h2) of resistance for each pesticide and the genetic correlation (rG) of resistance among pesticides in each population. These quantitative genetic parameters allow insight into the adaptive potential of populations to further evolve insecticide resistance. Lastly, we use our estimates of the genetic variance and covariance of resistance and stochastic simulations to evaluate the efficacy of “windowing” as an insecticide resistance management strategy, where the application of several insecticides is rotated on a periodic basis.

Negative Cross Resistance; a Possible Key to Atrazine Resistance Management: A Call for Whole Plant Data

1990 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 470-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Gressel ◽  
Lee A. Segel
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Management ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Ps Ii ◽  
Atrazine Resistance ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Herbicide Mixtures ◽  
Plant Data ◽  
Plant Level

Many photosystem II inhibiting herbicides still inhibit this process in triazine-resistant plants; i.e. they have no cross resistance with atrazine. Five- to twenty-fold lower concentrations of phenolic type herbicidcs and 5-fold less of the active ingredient of pyridate and half as much ioxynil are required to inhibit thylakoid PS II in atrazine-resistant biotypes than in sensitive biotypes; i.e., they even show “negative cross resistance”. Negative cross resistance may be the major reason that atrazine resistance did not evolve where herbicide mixtures were used, when the mixed herbicide (usually a non-PS II inhibiting acetanilide) also controlled triazine-sensitivc weeds. Mathematical modeling in principle allows quantification of the very low field levels of herbicides possessing negative cross resistance that could be mixed with atrazine that would stop or delay the evolution of resistant populations without affecting the maize crop. There are few available actual dose response curves of atrazine-resistant vs. susceptible weeds at the whole plant level for herbicidcs exerting negative cross resistance. Thus, “real situation” modeling cannot be done. Data acquisition is called for so that the model can be extrapolated from the thylakoid to the field.

Evidence for resistance to pyrethroids and organophosphates inPlutella xylostella(Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) from Pakistan

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Khaliq ◽  
M.N.R. Attique ◽  
A.H. Sayyed
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Laboratory Population ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Low Toxicity

AbstractThe susceptibility of representative pyrethroid (cypermethrin, deltamethrin, lambdacyhalothrin, bifenthrin), organophosphate (chlorpyriphos, triazophos, profenophos) and new chemistry insecticides (spinosad, indoxacarb and emamectin) was investigated for 18 field populations ofPlutella xylostella(Linnaeus) from three different zones in Pakistan. The LC50(mg ml−1; 48 h) values of pyrethroids for various populations ranged from 0.19–1.88 for cypermethrin, 0.31–2.64 for deltamethrin, 0.08–1.16 for lambdacyhalothrin and 0.07–0.88 for bifenthrin. The LC50(mg ml−1; 48 h) of organophosphates ranged from 0.52–5.67 for chlorpyriphos, 0.37–4.14 for triazophos and 0.03–2.65 for profenophos. The most probable reason for low toxicity of organophosphates and pyrethroids is the evolution of multiple resistance mechanisms; however, further studies are required to establish these mechanisms. When these same products were tested against a susceptible laboratory population (Lab-Pak), the new chemistry compounds were significantly more toxic than pyrethroids and organophosphates. The results are discussed in relation to integrated pest management and insecticide resistance management strategies forP. xylostella.

Section 4. Pyrethroid and endosulfan resistance: selection and cross resistance studies

1993 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil W. Forrester ◽  
Matthew Cahill ◽  
Lisa J. Bird ◽  
Jacquelyn K. Layland
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Lower Order ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Insecticide Resistance Management ◽  
Resistance Selection

SummaryResistance to endosulfan and pyrethroids in Helicoverpa armigera in Australia was shown to be due to multiple rather than cross resistance. The independence of the endosulfan and pyrethroid resistance mechanisms vindicates the sequential use of these two groups in Stages I and II of the insecticide resistance management strategy, respectively. Within the cyclodienes, greatest resistance occurred to dieldrin with lower order cross resistance to endosulfan and endrin. Male and female moths expressed cyclodiene resistance equally.

scholarly journals CHANGES IN SUSCEPTIBILITIES TO INSECTICIDES IN MUSCA DOMESTICA UNDER SELECTION WITH FIPRONIL

2020 ◽  
pp. 194-198
Author(s):  
Levchenko ◽  
Silivanova ◽  
Shumilova
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Insecticide Resistance Management ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Selection Of

New knowledge about resistance and cross-resistance to insecticides of different chemical classes in insects is crucial for correct and effective pest management. This paper reports changes in the susceptibility to insecticides of different chemical classes in the first generations of houseflies Musca domestica L. when they were selected with fipronil. The selection of M. domestica was carried out by feeding adult insects with sugar containing fipronil in a dose that causes the 40–60% mortality of insects. The susceptibility of adults and larvae to insecticides was evaluated by the resistance ratio (RR). In the fipronil-selected strain of M. domestica, the susceptibility to fipronil was unchanged in adults in 3–5 generations and increased in larvae in the fifth generation (RR = 0.5). The susceptibility to deltamethrin decreased in adults of the fourth generation and in larvae of the fifth generation, and the RR was 4.5 and 4.3, respectively, that may suggest the development of cross-resistance in the future. The susceptibility to chlorfenapyr was reduced in adults of fipronil-selected flies of the fourth generation (RR = 1.9). The susceptibility to ivermectin increased in adults of fipronil-selected flies (RR = 0.67) and in larvae of the fifth generation (RR = 0.5). The susceptibility to acetamiprid in the fipronil-selected strain and the laboratory (unselected) strain of M. domestica did not differ. The results are useful for the development of insecticide resistance management programs.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Transcriptional Analysis and Functional Validation Linked a Cluster of Epsilon Glutathione S-Transferases with Insecticide Resistance in the Major Malaria Vector Anopheles funestus across Africa

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 561
Author(s):  
Mersimine F. M. Kouamo ◽  
Sulaiman S. Ibrahim ◽  
Jack Hearn ◽  
Jacob M. Riveron ◽  
Michael Kusimo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Anopheles Funestus ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Functional Validation ◽  
Genome Wide

Resistance is threatening the effectiveness of insecticide-based interventions in use for malaria control. Pinpointing genes associated with resistance is crucial for evidence-based resistance management targeting the major malaria vectors. Here, a combination of RNA-seq based genome-wide transcriptional analysis and RNA-silencing in vivo functional validation were used to identify key insecticide resistance genes associated with DDT and DDT/permethrin cross-resistance across Africa. A cluster of glutathione-S-transferase from epsilon group were found to be overexpressed in resistant populations of Anopheles funestus across Africa including GSTe1 [Cameroon (fold change, FC: 2.54), Ghana (4.20), Malawi (2.51)], GSTe2 [Cameroon (4.47), Ghana (7.52), Malawi (2.13)], GSTe3 [Cameroon (2.49), Uganda (2.60)], GSTe4 in Ghana (3.47), GSTe5 [Ghana (2.94), Malawi (2.26)], GSTe6 [Cameroun (3.0), Ghana (3.11), Malawi (3.07), Uganda (3.78)] and GSTe7 (2.39) in Ghana. Validation of GSTe genes expression profiles by qPCR confirmed that the genes are differentially expressed across Africa with a greater overexpression in DDT-resistant mosquitoes. RNAi-based knock-down analyses supported that five GSTe genes are playing a major role in resistance to pyrethroids (permethrin and deltamethrin) and DDT in An. funestus, with a significant recovery of susceptibility observed when GSTe2, 3, 4, 5 and GSTe6 were silenced. These findings established that GSTe3, 4, 5 and 6 contribute to DDT resistance and should be further characterized to identify their specific genetic variants, to help design DNA-based diagnostic assays, as previously done for the 119F-GSTe2 mutation. This study highlights the role of GSTes in the development of resistance to insecticides in malaria vectors and calls for actions to mitigate this resistance.

Implementation of a Diagnostic-Concentration Bioassay for Detection of Susceptibility to Pyrethroids in Soybean Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 932-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Menger ◽  
Patrick Beauzay ◽  
Anitha Chirumamilla ◽  
Cole Dierks ◽  
John Gavloski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Soybean Aphid ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Laboratory Population ◽  
Glass Vial ◽  
Aphis Glycines Matsumura ◽  
Primary Management

Abstract Soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, remains the most economically damaging arthropod pest of soybean in the midwestern United States and southern Canada. Foliar applications of a limited number of insecticide modes of action have been the primary management tactic, and pyrethroid resistance was documented recently with full concentration–response leaf-dip and glass-vial bioassays. Full concentration–response bioassays can be cumbersome, and a more efficient assessment tool was needed. In this study, we implemented a diagnostic-concentration glass-vial bioassay using bifenthrin and λ-cyhalothrin. Bioassays were conducted with field-collected soybean aphid populations to assess the geographic extent and severity of resistance to pyrethroids. In 2017, 10 of 18 and 11 of 21 field populations tested with bifenthrin and λ-cyhalothrin, respectively, had mean proportion mortalities less than the susceptible laboratory population. In 2018, 17 of 23 and 13 of 23 field populations tested with bifenthrin and λ-cyhalothrin, respectively, had mean proportion mortalities less than the susceptible laboratory population. Populations collected after reported field failures of a pyrethroid insecticide generally had mean proportion mortalities less than the susceptible laboratory population. In both years, there was a strong correlation between chemistries, which suggests cross-resistance between these insecticides. The diagnostic-concentration glass-vial bioassays reported here will provide the foundation for an insecticide resistance monitoring program with the ability to determine practical levels and geographic extent of insecticide resistance.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Selective Signature Analysis Revealed Insecticide Resistance Mechanisms in Cydia pomonella

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Wen-Ting Dai ◽  
Jin Li ◽  
Li-Ping Ban
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Glycine Receptor ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Cross Resistance

The codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae), is a serious invasive pest of pome fruits. Currently, C. pomonella management mainly relies on the application of insecticides, which have driven the development of resistance in the insect. Understanding the genetic mechanisms of insecticide resistance is of great significance for developing new pest resistance management techniques and formulating effective resistance management strategies. Using existing genome resequencing data, we performed selective sweep analysis by comparing two resistant strains and one susceptible strain of the insect pest and identified seven genes, among which, two (glycine receptor and glutamate receptor) were under strong insecticide selection, suggesting their functional importance in insecticide resistance. We also found that eight genes including CYP6B2, CYP307a1, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor, cuticle protein, and acetylcholinesterase, are potentially involved in cross-resistance to azinphos-methyl and deltamethrin. Moreover, among several P450s identified as positively selected genes, CYP6B2, CYP4C1, and CYP4d2 showed the highest expression level in larva compared to other stages tested, and CYP6B2 also showed the highest expression level in midgut, supporting the roles they may play in insecticide metabolism. Our results provide several potential genes that can be studied further to advance understanding of complexity of insecticide resistance mechanisms in C. pomonella.

Fitness costs associated with spinetoram resistance in Spodoptera frugiperda is driven by host plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubens Hideo Kanno ◽  
Aline Guidolin ◽  
Fernando Padovez ◽  
Juliana Rodrigues ◽  
Celso Omoto
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Relative Fitness ◽  
Fitness Costs ◽  
Cotton Plants

Insecticide resistance is usually associated with fitness costs. The magnitude of fitness costs is affected by environmental and ecological factors. Here, we explored how host plants could affect fitness costs associated with insecticide resistance. Initially, spinetoram-resistant (RR) and susceptible (SS) strains of Spodoptera frugiperda were selected using F2 screen from a population collected in Sao Desiderio, Bahia State, Brazil in 2018. Besides de RR and SS strains, fitness costs were also assessed for a heterozygous strain (RS). Life-history traits were evaluated to estimate population growth parameters of neonate larvae of each strain fed on corn, soybean and cotton plants. Compared to the SS strain, the relative fitness of the RR strain, based on intrinsic rate of population increase, was 1.06, 0.84 and 0.67 on plants of corn, soybean and cotton respectively. The relative fitness of the RS strain was similar to the SS strain regardless the host plant, suggesting a recessive fitness cost. No differences were found between the strains fed on corn plants. The larval development time was greater for RR strain fed on soybean and cotton plants compared to RS and SS strain. Low survival rate and fecundity of the RR strain were found when larvae fed on plants of soybean and cotton. The results of this study demonstrated that fitness costs of spinetoram resistance in S. frugiperda depend strongly on the host plants that S. frugiperda larvae fed on. Such information can be used to design resistance management strategies considering the host plants of the agricultural landscape. Keywords: fall armyworm; spinosyns; insect resistance management; relative fitness.

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