scholarly journals Paleochronic reversion in Psophocarpus, the decompression function in floral anatomic fields

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward. G.F. Benya
Keyword(s):  
Vector Space ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Indeterminate Growth ◽  
Determinate Growth ◽  
Floral Whorls

AbstractPaleochronic reversion (an atavism) in Psophocarpus presents a basic floral phylloid ground state. That ground state can quickly change as permutation transformation (Tx) begins. The form of permutation can vary as phyllotactic phylloid (TPhyld) and/or floral axial decompression (TAxl) presenting linear elongation (TLong), rotational (TRtn) and/or lateral (TLat) components. Research with 70 reverted floral specimens documented varying degrees of phyllotactic permutation at the bracts (Bt) region and inter-bracts (IBS) sub-region of the pre-whorls pedicel-bracts anatomic zone. Permutation further yielded an inter-zonal pericladial stalk (PCL). It continued at the floral whorls zone: the calyx (Cl), corolla (Crla), androecium (Andr), and gynoecium (Gynec) with components therein. These organ regions present a continuum as an axial dynamic vector space £Taxi of floral permutation dominated by axial expansion (AE) so that an anatomic sequence of permutation activity runs from the bracts (Bt) region to the carpel (Crpl) inclusive with components therein, summarized by the formula: stamen fltn Andr spiral Crpl ±(Crpl web ± VASCARP ± Crpl diadn ± Crpl fltn ± [fltn no] ± Crpl Rtn) = Tx. The flower reverts from a system of determinate growth to one of indeterminate growth.

scholarly journals Overexpression of KNAT1 in Lettuce Shifts Leaf Determinate Growth to a Shoot-Like Indeterminate Growth Associated with an Accumulation of Isopentenyl-Type Cytokinins

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 1370-1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Frugis ◽  
Donato Giannino ◽  
Giovanni Mele ◽  
Chiara Nicolodi ◽  
Adriana Chiappetta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indeterminate Growth ◽  
Determinate Growth

Optimal allocation of resources explains interspecific life-history patterns in animals with indeterminate growth

1996 ◽  
Vol 263 (1370) ◽  
pp. 559-566 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Random Number Generator ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Correlated Data ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Growth Constant ◽  
Indeterminate Growth ◽  
Determinate Growth ◽  
Interspecific Comparisons

In a previous paper it was suggested that interspecific allometries of physiological (respiration, assimilation and production rates) as well as life-history (age and size at maturity, life expectancy) parameters are by-products of body-size optimization in animals with determinate growth. Here the analysis is extended to animals with indeterminate growth, such as fish or reptiles. In a seasonal environment it is optimal to grow after maturation, and increasingly more resources should be devoted to reproduction year after year. This leads to growth curves that closely resemble Bertalanffy’s curves characterized by growth constant k and asymptotic length l ∞ . Sets of parameters describing mortality and productivity were generated with a random number generator. Then the schedule of growth was calculated for each ‘species’ obtained, under the assumption of optimal allocation of resources. Interspecific comparisons in a set of such species resemble the empirical patterns discovered by Beverton & Holt and discussed extensively by Charnov: mortality rate and growth constant k are positively related, length at maturity and asymptotic length l ∞ are positively correlated, and k and l ∞ are negatively correlated. Data for fish and reptiles match these predictions.

Zebrafish and giant danio as models for muscle growth: determinate vs. indeterminate growth as determined by morphometric analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (5) ◽  
pp. R1327-R1337 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Biga ◽  
F. W. Goetz
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Model System ◽  
Indeterminate Growth ◽  
Determinate Growth ◽  
Physiological Studies ◽  
Giant Danio

The zebrafish has become an important genetic model, but their small size makes them impractical for traditional physiological studies. In contrast, the closely related giant danio is larger and can be utilized for physiological studies that can also make use of the extensive zebrafish genomic resources. In addition, the giant danio and zebrafish appear to exhibit different growth types, indicating the potential for developing a comparative muscle growth model system. Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare and characterize the muscle growth pattern of zebrafish and giant danio. Morphometric analyses demonstrated that giant danio exhibit an increased growth rate compared with zebrafish, starting as early as 2 wk posthatch. Total myotome area, mean fiber area, and total fiber number all exhibited positive correlations with larvae length in giant danio but not in zebrafish. Morphometric analysis of giant danio and zebrafish larvae demonstrated faster, more efficient growth in giant danio larvae. Similar to larger teleosts, adult giant danio exhibited increased growth rates in response to growth hormone, suggesting that giant danio exhibit indeterminate growth. In contrast, adult zebrafish do not exhibit mosaic hyperplasia, nor do they respond to growth hormone, suggesting they exhibit determinate growth like mammals. These results demonstrate that giant danio and zebrafish can be utilized as a direct comparative model system for muscle growth studies, with zebrafish serving as a model organism for determinate growth and giant danio for indeterminate growth.

In vitro morphogenesis in Osmunda cinnamomea. The role of the shoot apex in early leaf development

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Hicks ◽  
T. A. Steeves
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Apex ◽  
Leaf Development ◽  
Leaf Primordia ◽  
Shoot Apices ◽  
In Vitro Morphogenesis ◽  
Indeterminate Growth ◽  
Nutrient Culture ◽  
Determinate Growth

In sterile nutrient culture, shoot apices of the rhizome of Osmunda cinnamomea L., devoid of all visible foliar primordia, quickly give rise to dorsiventral leaf primordia at a presumptive leaf site (I1). It was established that these primordia were irreversibly determined as leaves. To examine the morphogenetic role of the shoot apex in governing early leaf development, this site was permanently isolated from the shoot apex by a single tangential cut. Usually, radially symmetrical shoots of indeterminate growth arose at I1 as a result of this surgery. By contrast, when organic continuity between I1 and the shoot apex was only temporarily interrupted by a cut which was subsequently allowed to heal, normally oriented dorsiventral leaf primordia formed most frequently at I1. These, too, were determined as leaves. It was concluded that the shoot apex serves as a source of determinative influences for the nascent primordium, imposing dorsiventrality and a pattern of determinate growth on the leaf site.

scholarly journals Paleochronic reversion in Psophocarpus: Dynamics II, rhizogeny on floral anatomic fields

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward G F Benya
Keyword(s):  
Vector Field ◽  
Vector Space ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Linear Vector ◽  
Generative Phase ◽  
Axial Transformation ◽  
Linear Vector Space

Paleochronic reversion is confirmed in Psophocarpus as a basic floral ground state. That state can expand to include dynamics T (g,,h) ) of axial expansion (AE) as a permutation (T X ) phase beginning as phyllotactic floral phylloid (T Phyld ) and/or axial decompression (T Axl ) manifest as linear elongation (T Long ) and/or rotation (T Rtn ) and/or latitudinal (TS Lat ) expansion. Organ regions present a continuum as a vector space LT Axl of floral axial transformation. A generative phase of meristem activity (T (Rz, SAM, Infl) ) can follow. Experiments with 49 phylloid and/or phyllome paleochronically reverted flowers presented varying degrees of phyllotactic permutation involving development of a pericladial stalk (PCL) and/or inter-bracts stem (IBS) and/or activated pedicel (PdcL) and/or gynophore (Gnf), Cupule-like (Gnf)/Cupl-Lk) elongation. A meristem generative function included rhizogeny as root site generation (RSG) at the calyx (Cl), PCL, bracts (Bt), IBS, PdcL and/or Gnf/Cupl-Lk regions manifest as eigenvector functions as RSG whose density of generation was associated with permutation of the ground state. A continuum of pedicel to calyx regions constitutes a subset [PdcL,Cl] of a linear vector space [Bt,Crpl]=T X → [PdcL,Crpl]=LT Axl whose extension is defined within the space: ∑ F PdcL + F Bt (1,,z) ± S IBS (1,,x) + F PCL (1,,w) + F Cl + F Gyncm ± S Gnf ± S Cupl-Lk = L T Axl . The vector space LT Axl transforms to a master vector field (F [c,..,d] ) of generated Euclidian eigenvectors so that: LT Axl → F [c,..,d]

scholarly journals Identification of RAPD Markers Linked to Major Gene for Indeterminate Growth Habit using Bulked Segregant Analysis in Common Bean Cross

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 623c-623
Author(s):  
S.O. Park ◽  
J.M. Bokosi ◽  
D.P. Coyne
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Bulked Segregant Analysis ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Indeterminate Growth ◽  
Bulked Dna ◽  
Rapd Primer ◽  
Plant Growth Habit ◽  
Indeterminate Growth Habit ◽  
Determinate Growth

Plant growth habit is an important trait. Our objective was to identify RAPD markers linked to major gene for indeterminate growth habit using bulked segregant analysis in an F2 population from a bean cross Chichara (indeterminate growth habit × PC-50 (determinate growth habit). A total of 132 RAPD primers (600 RAPD primer screened) showed polymorphisms between bulked DNA derived from indeterminate and determinate plants. All markers showed coupling linkage with indeterminate growth habit. RAPD markers of A-8, A-17, C-7, C-15, D-4, D-5, F-6, F-16, G-9, H-3, H-20, and I-7 were 2.2 cM distant from the gene for indeterminate growth habit. Markers of B-7, B-16, B-17, C-8, E-1, F-1, F-20 and H-l9 primers were 4.6 cM distant from the gene for indeterminate growth habit.

Sexual dimorphism of structures showing indeterminate growth: tusks of American mastodons (Mammut americanum)

Paleobiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathlyn M. Smith ◽  
Daniel C. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
Ontogenetic Changes ◽  
Indeterminate Growth ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Determinate Growth ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mammut Americanum ◽  
External Form

Documenting sexual dimorphism for structures that exhibit indeterminate growth can be more difficult than for structures exhibiting determinate growth. Most proboscidean tusks are ever-growing structures that change size and shape throughout life. Sexual dimorphism is pronounced in tusks of mature individuals, but the external form of tusks offers no clear evidence of maturation, and it is difficult to distinguish a young male's tusk from that of an older female. Thus, with previous approaches, knowledge of age was often required to assess sex from tusk measurements. This study examines sexual dimorphism of American mastodon (Mammut americanum) tusks through principal components analysis to determine which aspects of tusk form contribute most strongly to the variance among measurements and to explore the relationship between tusk form and individual age and sex. Twenty-one mastodon tusks from the Great Lakes region were evaluated in two analyses, the first focusing on geometrically distinct aspects of tusk form and the second adding measurements that reflect ontogenetic changes in a single aspect of morphology (circumference). Both analyses separated mastodons by sex (PC-I) and sorted them by age (PC-II). The distribution of tusks on the PC-II versus PC-I plane provides better discrimination of sex than univariate or bivariate methods because tusks of similar size and opposite sex appear near opposite ends of an age spectrum. The second analysis enhances sorting by age, thereby clarifying assessment of sex. This work contributes to studies of mastodon paleobiology by presenting a reliable method for assessing the sex of an individual from tusk measurements without requiring independent knowledge of age.

scholarly journals Molecular tagging of photoperiod responsive flowering in Indian bean [Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet] Vinita Ramtekey*, Arpit Bhuriya, Dipendra Ayer, Vipulkumar Parekh, Kaushal Modha, Bhushan Kale, Gopal Vadodariya and Ritesh Patel (

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (01S) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinita Ramtekey ◽  
Arpit Bhuriya ◽  
Dipendra Ayer ◽  
Vipulkumar Parekh ◽  
Kaushal Modha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Indeterminate Growth ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
F2 Population ◽  
Indeterminate Growth Habit ◽  
Determinate Growth ◽  
Determinate Growth Habit ◽  
F2 Generation

Photoperiod responsive flowering and growth habit might have played a key role in domestication of lablab bean (Lablab purpureus) and currently shifting its cultivation from intercropping to monoculture. Most of the landraces of lablab bean exhibit photoperiod sensitivity in flowering and indeterminate growth habit. A cross was made between GNIB21 and GP189 which are phenotypic extremes for photoperiod responsive flowering. The F1 hybrid exhibited dominant traits like indeterminate growth habit and photosensitive flowering endowed from male parent. Segregation pattern of 3:1 in F2 generation indicated monogenic recessive nature of photoperiod insensitive flowering. Bulk segregant analysis in F2 population revealed association of PvTFLy1, a locus governing determinate growth habit in lablab bean, with photoperiod responsive flowering where an amplicon of 300 bp was observed in photo sensitive GP189 while it was absent in photo insensitive variety GNIB21. Significant ÷2 test indicated coupling phase of linkage between PvTFLY1 and photoperiod responsive flowering. Linkage analysis placed PvTFLY1 at the distance of 19.23 cM from the locus governing photoperiod responsive flowering. The linkage between growth habit and photoperiod responsive flowering in common bean, soybean and Indian bean suggest that these traits may be governed by mutation or deletion of E3 (or GmPhyA3) and Dt1 homologs in Indian bean. Information available on characterized genes for photoperiod responsive flowering and determinate growth habit from common bean, soybean and other related legumes may be utilized for isolation, characterization, mapping and molecular dissection of genes involved in regulation of photoperiod responsive flowering in Indian bean.

scholarly journals DEFOLIATION LEVELS AT VEGETATIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE STAGES OF SOYBEAN CULTIVARS WITH DIFFERENT RELATIVE MATURITY GROUPS

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 402-411
Author(s):  
MURILO MIGUEL DURLI ◽  
LUIS SANGOI ◽  
CLOVIS ARRUDA SOUZA ◽  
LUCIELI SANTINI LEOLATO ◽  
THAIS LEMOS TUREK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Leaf Expansion ◽  
Maturity Group ◽  
Indeterminate Growth ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Indeterminate Growth Habit ◽  
Determinate Growth ◽  
Determinate Growth Habit ◽  
Expansion Capacity

ABSTRACT Soybean tolerance to defoliation may be affected by relative maturity group (RMG) of the cultivar. For this reason, this study was carried out to evaluate the effects of artificial defoliation at vegetative and reproductive stages on the agronomic performance of soybean cultivars with different RMG. Two experiments were carried out in greenhouse conditions in Lages, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Defoliation was carried out at V6 in the first experiment and at R3 in the second experiment. Three cultivars with contrasting RMG were used: BMX Veloz (RMG of 5.0, indeterminate growth habit), NA 5909 (RMG of 5.9, indeterminate growth habit), and TMG 7262 (RMG of 6.2, semi-determinate growth habit). Each cultivar was submitted to five defoliation levels: 0.0, 16.6, 33.3, 50.0, and 66.6%. Leaf expansion after defoliation, grain yield and its components were determined. The BMX Veloz showed lower leaf expansion capacity and lower grain yield when compared to the other cultivars when defoliated at V6. Grain yield of the three cultivars only showed significant decreases with defoliation levels higher than 16.6% at R3. The cultivar BMX Veloz is less tolerant to defoliation during the vegetative stage when compared to the cultivars NA 5909 and TMG 7262. Cultivar maturity group does not interfere with soybean tolerance to defoliation at the reproductive stage in greenhouse conditions.

The relationship between bud scale morphology and indeterminate and determinate growth patterns in Acer (Aceraceae)

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoki Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Species Loss ◽  
Scale Morphology ◽  
Indeterminate Growth ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Determinate Growth ◽  
Terminal Buds ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Bud Morphology

Bud scale morphology was investigated for 18 species of Japanese Acer, including 12 species that exhibit indeterminate growth and 6 that exhibit determinate growth. The bud scales of the inner pairs of terminal buds and all bud scales of lateral buds exhibited different patterns of development in the two types of species. In the indeterminate species, the formation of rudimentary laminae was observed, whereas no laminae formation was observed in the determinate species. Loss of laminae could have occurred over the course of the evolutionary specialization of bud scales, since the bud scales of the indeterminate species are assumed to be more primitive than those of the determinate species. A consideration of the bud morphology of Dipteronia, an outgroup of Acer, supported this view. This study then suggests that in Acer a determinate growth pattern actually evolved from a pattern of indeterminate growth. It seems likely that for some member(s) of the genus Acer, sites of regeneration began to shift from sites containing less shady area to those containing more, and that this shift was associated with the evolution from indeterminate to determinate growth.

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