scholarly journals Dopaminergic drugs decrease loss aversion in Parkinson’s disease with but not without depression

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique H.M. Timmer ◽  
Guillaume Sescousse ◽  
Rianne A.J. Esselink ◽  
Payam Piray ◽  
Roshan Cools
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Loss Aversion ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Risky Choice ◽  
Motor Symptom ◽  
Risky Decision ◽  
Dopaminergic Drugs ◽  
Dopaminergic Medication

AbstractDepression, a common non-motor symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD), is accompanied by impaired decision making and an enhanced response to aversive outcomes. Current strategies to treat depression in PD include dopaminergic medication. However, their use can be accompanied by detrimental side effects, such as enhanced risky choice. The mechanisms underlying dopamine-induced increases in risky choice are unclear. In the current study we adopt a clinical-neuroeconomic approach to investigate the effects of dopaminergic medication on loss aversion during risky choice in depressed and non-depressed PD. Twenty-three healthy controls, 21 depressed and 22 non-depressed PD patients were assessed using a well-established gambling task measuring loss aversion during risky choice. Patients were tested on two occasions, after taking their normal dopaminergic medication (ON) and after withdrawal of their medication (OFF). Dopaminergic medication decreased loss aversion to a greater extent in depressed than non-depressed PD patients. Moreover, we show that the degree to which dopaminergic medication decreases loss aversion correlated with current depression severity and with drug effects on depression scores. These findings demonstrate that dopamine-induced changes in loss aversion depend on the presence of depressive symptoms in PD.Significance statementDopaminergic medication that is used to treat motor and non-motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease is known to contribute to risky decision-making. The underlying mechanisms are unclear. The present study demonstrates that dopaminergic medication in Parkinson’s disease decreases loss aversion during risky choice, but only in depressed and not in non-depressed patients with Parkinson’s disease. These results advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying dopamine-induced risky choice, while also identifying depression as an important factor that confers vulnerability to such dopamine-induced risky choice.Conflict of InterestThe authors declare no competing financial interests.

scholarly journals Risky decision-making and affective features of impulse control disorders in Parkinson’s disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Martini ◽  
Simon J. Ellis ◽  
James A. Grange ◽  
Stefano Tamburin ◽  
Denise Dal Lago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Impulse Control ◽  
Impulse Control Disorders ◽  
Risky Decision Making ◽  
Risky Decision

scholarly journals Dopamine-dependent loss aversion during effort-based decision-making

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuli Chen ◽  
Sarah Voets ◽  
Ned Jenkinson ◽  
Joseph M. Galea
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Loss Aversion ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Decision Making Under Risk ◽  
Physical Effort ◽  
Clinical Disorders ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost

AbstractFrom psychology to economics there has been substantial interest in how costs (e.g., delay, risk) are represented asymmetrically during decision-making when attempting to gain reward or to avoid punishment. For example, in decision-making under risk, individuals show a tendency to prefer to avoid punishment than to acquire the equivalent reward (loss aversion). Although the cost of physical effort has received significant recent attention due to the evaluation of motor costs being crucial in our daily decisions, it remains unclear whether loss aversion exists during effort-based decision-making. On the one hand, loss aversion may be hardwired due to asymmetric evolutionary pressure on losses and gains and therefore exists across decision-making contexts. On the other hand, distinct brain regions are involved with different decision costs, making it questionable whether similar asymmetries exist. Here, we demonstrate that young healthy participants exhibit loss aversion during effort-based decision-making by exerting more physical effort in order to avoid punishment than to gain a same-size reward. Next, we show that medicated Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients show a reduction in loss aversion compared to age-matched controls. Behavioural and computational analysis revealed that people with PD exerted similar physical effort in return for a reward, but were less willing to produce effort in order to avoid punishment. Therefore, loss aversion is present during effort-based decision-making and can be modulated by altered dopaminergic state. This finding could have important implications for our understanding of clinical disorders that show a reduced willingness to exert effort in the pursuit of reward.Significance StatementLoss aversion – preferring to avoid punishment than to acquire equivalent reward – is an important concept in decision-making under risk. However, little is known about whether loss aversion also exists during decisions where the cost is physical effort. This is surprising given that motor cost shapes human behaviour, and a reduced willingness to exert effort is a characteristic of many clinical disorders. Here, we show that healthy individuals exert more effort to minimise punishment than to maximise reward (loss aversion). We also demonstrate that loss aversion is modulated by altered dopaminergic state by showing that medicated Parkinson’s disease patients exert similar effort to gain reward but less effort to avoid punishment. Therefore, dopamine-dependent loss aversion is crucial for explaining effort-based decision-making.

scholarly journals The effects of dopaminergic medication on dynamic decision making in Parkinson's disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magda Osman ◽  
Agata Ryterska ◽  
Kash Karimi ◽  
LingLing Tu ◽  
Ignacio Obeso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Dynamic Decision Making ◽  
Dopaminergic Medication

scholarly journals Decision Making under Risk Condition in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: A Behavioural and fMRI Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Labudda ◽  
Matthias Brand ◽  
Markus Mertens ◽  
Isabelle Ollech ◽  
Hans J. Markowitsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Risky Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Under Risk ◽  
Risky Decision ◽  
Explicit Information

We aimed to study whether previously described impairment in decision making under risky conditions in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) is affected by deficits in using information about potential incentives or by processing feedback (in terms of fictitious gains and losses following each decision). Additionally, we studied whether the neural correlates of using explicit information in decision making under risk differ between PD patients and healthy subjects. We investigated ten cognitively intact PD patients and twelve healthy subjects with the Game of Dice Task (GDT) to assess risky decision making, and with an fMRI paradigm to analyse the neural correlates of information integration in the deliberative decision phase. Behaviourally, PD patients showed selective impairment in the GDT but not on the fMRI task that did not include a feedback component. Healthy subjects exhibited lateral prefrontal, anterior cingulate and parietal activations when integrating decision-relevant information. Despite similar behavioural patterns on the fMRI task, patients exhibited reduced parietal activation. Behavioural results suggest that PD patients’ deficits in risky decision making are dominated by impaired feedback utilization not compensable by intact cognitive functions. Our fMRI results suggest similarities but also differences in neural correlates when using explicit information for the decision process, potentially indicating different strategy application even if the interfering feedback component is excluded.

Decision-making under risk is improved by both dopaminergic medication and subthalamic stimulation in Parkinson's disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 254 ◽  
pp. 70-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana K. Boller ◽  
Michael T. Barbe ◽  
K. Amande M. Pauls ◽  
Christiane Reck ◽  
Matthias Brand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Decision Making Under Risk ◽  
Dopaminergic Medication ◽  
Subthalamic Stimulation

Schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Beninger
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Incentive Learning ◽  
Dopaminergic Drugs ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurotransmission ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Incentive Value

Schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) discusses how hyperactive dopaminergic neurotransmission appears to underlie schizophrenia’s positive symptoms, loss of dopaminergic neurons in adulthood leads to Parkinson’s disease, and dopamine neuron hypofunction in childhood and adolescence may underlie ADHD. Positive schizophrenia symptoms may arise from excessive incentive learning that is gradually lost with antipsychotic treatment. Declarative learning and memory may contribute to delusions based on excessive incentive learning. Loss of responsiveness to environmental stimuli in Parkinson’s may result from a decrease of their conditioned incentive value and inverse incentive learning. Conditioned incentive stimuli not encountered while in a state of decreased dopaminergic neurotransmission may retain their incentive value, producing apparent kinesia paradoxa. Dopamine hypofunction in juveniles does not lead to hypokinesia but may result in loss of incentive learning that focuses attention. Pro-dopaminergic drugs have a calming effect in ADHD, presumably because they reinstate normal incentive learning.

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