scholarly journals A generalized quantitative antibody homeostasis model: antigen saturation, natural antibodies and a quantitative antibody network

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozsef Prechl
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Antibody Production ◽  
Interaction Space ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Natural Antibodies ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune System ◽  
And Function ◽  
Antibody Interactions

In a pair of articles we present a generalized quantitative model for the homeostatic function of clonal humoral immune system. In this second paper we describe how antibody production controls the saturation of antigens and the network of antibody interactions that emerges in the epitome space with the establishment of the immune system. Efficient control of antigens, be it self or foreign, requires the maintenance of antibody concentrations that saturate antigen to relevant levels. Simple calculations suggest that the observed diverse recognition of antigens by natural antibodies is only possible by cross-reactivity whereby particular clones of antibodies bind to diverse targets and shared recognition of particular antigens by multiple antibody clones contribute to the maintenance of antigen control. We also argue that natural antibodies are none else than the result of thymus independent responses against immunological self. We interpret and explain antibody production and function in a virtual molecular interaction space and as a network of interactions. Indeed the general quantitative (GQM) model we propose is in agreement with earlier models, confirms some assumptions and presumably provides the theoretical basis for the construction of a real antibody network using sequence and database data.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic projection of the antibody interaction network: The fountain energy landscape of molecular interaction systems

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1675 ◽  
Author(s):  
József Prechl
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Molecular Interaction ◽  
Energy Landscape ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Interaction Space ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Antigen Interaction

The adaptive humoral immune system of vertebrates functions by evolving a huge repertoire of binding proteins, which target potentially all molecules that come into contact with developing B cells. The key to endowing these binders with immunological activity is the adjustment of antibody structure and affinity against molecular targets. As a result, antibodies with a wide range of affinities and specificities evolve during the lifetime of an individual. I recently developed a quantitative model for the description of antibody homeostasis and suggested that a quantitative network can describe the dynamic antibody-antigen interaction space. Here, I project this molecular interaction space onto an energy landscape defined by conformational entropy and free energy of binding. I introduce the concept of binding fountain energy landscape, which allows the thermodynamic representation of binding events and paths of multiple interactions. I further show that the hypersurface of the binding fountain corresponds to the antibody-antigen interaction network. I propose that thymus independent and thymus dependent antibody responses show distinct patterns of changes in the energy landscape. Overall, the fountain energy landscape concept of molecular interactions allows a systems biological, thermodynamic perception and description of the functioning of the clonal humoral immune system.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic projection of the antibody interaction network: The fountain energy landscape of molecular interaction systems

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1675
Author(s):  
József Prechl
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Molecular Interaction ◽  
Energy Landscape ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Interaction Space ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Antigen Interaction

The adaptive humoral immune system of vertebrates functions by evolving a huge repertoire of binding proteins, which target potentially all molecules that come into contact with developing B cells. The key to endowing these binders with immunological activity is the adjustment of antibody structure and affinity against molecular targets. As a result, antibodies with a wide range of affinities and specificities evolve during the lifetime of an individual. A recently developed a quantitative model for the description of antibody homeostasis suggests that a quantitative network can describe the dynamic antibody-antigen interaction space. Here, this molecular interaction space is projected onto an energy landscape defined by entropy and free energy of binding. I introduce the concept of binding fountain energy landscape, which allows the thermodynamic representation of binding events and evolution of binding paths of multiple interactions. I further show that the hypersurface of the binding fountain corresponds to the antibody-antigen interaction network. The binding energy landscape identifies unique properties of B1 cells and natural antibodies, and distinct patterns of thymus independent and thymus dependent antibody responses. Overall, the fountain energy landscape concept of molecular interactions allows a systems biological, thermodynamic perception and description of the functioning of the clonal humoral immune system and generally describes protein evolution in thermodynamic space.

scholarly journals Computer Simulations of the Humoral Immune System Reveal How Imprinting Can Affect Responses to Influenza HA Stalk with Implications for the Design of Universal Vaccines

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Anderson ◽  
Mark Y. Sangster ◽  
Hongmei Yang ◽  
Sidhartha Chaudhury ◽  
David J. Topham
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Memory B Cells ◽  
Gillespie Algorithm ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Antigenic Sites ◽  
Humoral Immune System ◽  
The Cross

AbstractBackgroundSuccessful vaccination against the H1N1 Influenza A virus has required the continuous development of new vaccines that are antigenically similar to currently circulating strains. Vaccine strategies that can increase the cross-reactivity of the antibody response, especially to conserved regions, are essential to creating long-lasting immunity to H1N1 viruses. How pre-existing immunity affects vaccine-induced antibody cross-reactivity is still not well understood.MethodsAn immunological shape space of antigenic sites of hemagglutinin (HA) was constructed using viral sequence data. A Gillespie Algorithm-based model of the humoral immune system was used to simulate B cell responses to A/California/07/2009 (CA09) HA antigen after prior immunization with an antigenically similar or dissimilar strain. The effect of pre-existing memory B cells and antibody on the resulting antibody responses was interrogated.ResultsWe found increased levels of highly-cross-reactive antibodies after immunization with antigenically dissimilar strains. This increase was dependent on pre-existing memory B cells. Furthermore, pre-existing antibody also interfered with the cross-reactive antibody response, but this effect occurred irrespective of the priming antigen.ConclusionThese findings suggest that vaccination by divergent strains will boost highly-cross-reactive antibodies by selectively targeting memory B cells specific to conserved antigenic sites and by reducing the negative interference caused by pre-existing antibody.

Serum immunoglobulins in patients with chronic tonsillitis

1984 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
pp. 1213-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harbans Lal ◽  
O. P. Sachdeva ◽  
H. R. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antigenic Stimulation ◽  
Chronic Tonsillitis ◽  
Serum Immunoglobulin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune System ◽  
The Mean

AbstractSerum immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA and IgM) levels were determined in patients with chronic tonsillitis before and one month after tonsillectomy. The preoperative levels of serum IgG, IgA and IgM were significantly higher when compared with the controls. The increase may be due to repeated antigenic stimulation. The post-operative levels for the three immunoglobulins were decreased; however, a significant reduction was observed for IgG only where the mean value was comparable with the control group. The data confirm that tonsillectomy does not disturb the humoral immune system of the body.

Stress response and humoral immune system alterations related to chronic hypergravity in mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Guéguinou ◽  
Mickaël Bojados ◽  
Marc Jamon ◽  
Hanane Derradji ◽  
Sarah Baatout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune System

scholarly journals Association between serum markers of the humoral immune system and inflammation in the Swedish AMORIS study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
aida santaolalla ◽  
Sam Sollie ◽  
Ali Rislan ◽  
Debra H. Josephs ◽  
Niklas Hammar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Adaptive Response ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Response Component ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune System

Abstract Background: Although the onset of inflammatory cascades may profoundly influence the nature of antibody responses, the interplay between inflammatory and humoral (antibody) immune markers remains unclear. Thus, we explored the reciprocity between the humoral immune system and inflammation and assessed how external socio-demographic factors may influence these interactions.Methods: From the AMORIS cohort, 5,513 individuals were identified with baseline measurements of serum humoral immune (immunoglobulin G, A & M (IgG, IgA, IgM)) and inflammation (C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, haptoglobin, white blood cells (WBC), iron and total iron-binding capacity) markers measured on the same day. Correlation analysis, principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering were used to evaluate biomarkers correlation, variation and associations. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to assess associations between biomarkers and educational level, socio-economic status, sex and age.Results: Frequently used serum markers for inflammation, CRP, haptoglobin and white blood cells, correlated together. Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis confirmed the interaction between these main biological responses, showing an acute response component (CRP, Haptoglobin, WBC, IgM) and adaptive response component (Albumin, Iron, TIBC, IgA, IgG). A socioeconomic gradient associated with worse health outcomes was observed, specifically low educational level, older age and male sex were associated with serum levels that indicated infection and inflammation.Conclusions: These findings indicate that serum markers of the humoral immune system and inflammation closely interact in response to infection or inflammation. Clustering analysis presented two main immune response components: an acute and an adaptive response, comprising markers of both biological pathways. Future studies should shift from single internal marker assessment to multiple humoral and inflammation serum markers combined, when assessing risk of clinical outcomes such as cancer.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document