scholarly journals Repeated range expansion and niche shift in a volcanic hotspot archipelago: radiation of Hawaiian Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Yang ◽  
Clifford W. Morden ◽  
Margaret J. Sporck-Koehler ◽  
Lawren Sack ◽  
Paul E. Berry
Keyword(s):  
Range Expansion ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Hawaiian Islands ◽  
Hawaiian Island ◽  
Coastal Vegetation ◽  
Niche Shift ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Island Endemic ◽  
Ideal System

AbstractAim The taxon cycle hypothesis describes the cyclic movement of taxa during range expansion and contraction, accompanied by an evolutionary shift from open and often coastal vegetation to closed, and often inland forest vegetation in island systems. The Hawaiian Archipelago is an ideal system to test this hypothesis given the linear fashion of island formation and a relatively well-understood geological history.Location Hawaiian Islands.Methods We sampled 153 individuals in 15 of the 16 native species of Hawaiian Euphorbia section Anisophyllum on six major Hawaiian Islands, plus 11 New World close relatives, to elucidate the biogeographic movement of this lineage along the Hawaiian island chain. We used a concatenated chloroplast DNA data set of more than eight kilobases in aligned length and applied maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference for phylogenetic reconstruction. Connectivity among islands and habitat types was estimated using BayesTraits. Age and phylogeographic patterns were co-estimated using BEAST. In addition, we used nuclear ribosomal ITS and the low-copy genes LEAFY and G3pdhC to investigate the reticulate relationships within this radiation.Results We estimate that Hawaiian Euphorbia first arrived on Kauai or Niihau ca. 5 million years ago and subsequently diverged into 16 species on all major Hawaiian Islands. During this process Euphorbia dispersed from older to younger islands in a stepping-stone fashion through open, dispersal-prone habitats. Taxa that occupy closed vegetation on Kauai and Oahu evolved in situ from open vegetation taxa of the same island. Consequently, widespread species tend to occupy habitats with open vegetation, whereas single island endemic species predominantly occur in habitats with closed canopy and are only found on the two oldest islands of Kauai and Oahu.Main conclusions The spatial and temporal patterns of dispersal and range shifts in Hawaiian Euphorbia support an intra-volcanic-archipelago version of the taxon cycle hypothesis.

Taxonomic reassessment of the freshwater mussel genus Unio (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in Russia and Ukraine based on morphological and molecular data

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4286 (1) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
OLGA KLISHKO ◽  
MANUEL LOPES-LIMA ◽  
ELSA FROUFE ◽  
ARTHUR BOGAN ◽  
LYUDMILA VASILIEV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Mussel ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Mtdna Coi ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

The taxonomy of species within the genus Unio (Bivalvia: Unionidae: Unioninae) in Russia and Ukraine has been contentious due to the lack of correspondence between three concurrent yet divergent classifications. In order to clarify which classification system best reflects the evolutionary relationships among these taxa, we performed detailed morphological analyses on 720 Ukrainian and Russian specimens, complemented with molecular data (COI) from a selected number of specimens. The morphological character data set shows the existence of only three widespread species with slight eco-morphological variations. Statistical analyses of shell morphometric parameters and molecular analyses based on mtDNA COI gene fragment sequences confirm the existence of the same three species within a single genus, Unio, in Russia and Ukraine, that is U. pictorum, U. tumidus and U. crassus. Results from molecular analyses suggest the existence of an additional subgroup within the U. crassus lineage, U. crassus cf. courtilieri that deserves further research. The present integrated approach confirms the validity of the classification by Zhadin (1952) and rejects the complex classifications of Starobogatov et al. (2004) and Bogatov & Kijashko (2016). 

scholarly journals Foraging niche shift maintains breeding parameters of a colonial waterbird during range expansion

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1988-1997
Author(s):  
Charlotte Francesiaz ◽  
Elizabeth Yohannes ◽  
Aurélien Besnard ◽  
Nicolas Sadoul ◽  
Thomas Blanchon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Range Expansion ◽  
Niche Shift ◽  
Breeding Parameters ◽  
Foraging Niche

scholarly journals Climate change accelerates range expansion of the invasive non-native species, the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan G King ◽  
Sophie B Wilmes ◽  
David Smyth ◽  
Jonathan Tinker ◽  
Peter E Robins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crassostrea Gigas ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Pacific Oyster ◽  
Ecosystem Change ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Commercial Species ◽  
Management Priorities

Abstract Invasive non-native species and global warming are two of the greatest components of global ecosystem change. The Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, is the world most cultivated shellfish and was introduced throughout the Northwest European Shelf (NWES) under the premise it could not complete its life cycle. Recent warming trends have changed this and wild populations can be found as far north as Nordic Scandinavia. Under the RCP8.5 concentration pathway, we predict that the majority of NWES coastline will be within C. gigas’s thermal recruitment niche by 2100. Given the widespread occurrence of current naturalized C. gigas populations, its large larval dispersal potential and a lack of feasible management solutions, C. gigas will likely undergo a considerable range expansion this century. The time taken to reach maturity is predicted to decrease by up to 60 days, which may lead to precocious spawning events, facilitating expansion further. Crassostrea gigas can form extensive reefs completely transforming native systems. This may compromise native biodiversity, protected habitats, and commercial species. However, naturalization can also deliver a number of beneficial ecosystem goods and services to human society. Whether naturalization is deemed positive or negative will depend on biogeographic context, the perceptions of stakeholders, and the wider management priorities.

scholarly journals The influence of warming and biotic interactions on the potential for range expansion of native and nonnative species

AoB Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Betsy von Holle ◽  
Sören E Weber ◽  
David M Nickerson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Enemy Release ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Soil Pathogens ◽  
Microbe Interactions

Abstract Plant species ranges are expected to shift in response to climate change, however, it is unclear how species interactions will affect range shifts. Because of the potential for enemy release of invasive nonnative plant species from species-specific soil pathogens, invasive plants may be able to shift ranges more readily than native plant species. Additionally, changing climatic conditions may alter soil microbial functioning, affecting plant–microbe interactions. We evaluated the effects of site, plant–soil microbe interactions, altered climate, and their interactions on the growth and germination of three congeneric shrub species, two native to southern and central Florida (Eugenia foetida and E. axillaris), and one nonnative invasive from south America (E. uniflora). We measured germination and biomass for these plant species in growth chambers grown under live and sterile soils from two sites within their current range, and one site in their expected range, simulating current (2010) and predicted future (2050) spring growing season temperatures in the new range. Soil microbes (microscopic bacteria, fungi, viruses and other organisms) had a net negative effect on the invasive plant, E. uniflora, across all sites and temperature treatments. This negative response to soil microbes suggests that E. uniflora’s invasive success and potential for range expansion are due to other contributing factors, e.g. higher germination and growth relative to native Eugenia. The effect of soil microbes on the native species depended on the geographic provenance of the microbes, and this may influence range expansion of these native species.

scholarly journals Phylogeography of the Mauremys mutica complex and the implications for conservation management.

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiping Gong ◽  
Daniel Gaillard ◽  
Haitao Shi ◽  
Huaiqing Chen ◽  
Shu-Jin Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Pond Turtle ◽  
Mauremys Mutica ◽  
The Right

For more than three decades, the Asian turtle crisis has resulted in the decline of every native species in China. For some species, such as the yellow pond turtle (Mauremys mutica), wild populations have dwindled to near functional extinction. Previous studies show there is deep genetic divergence of M. mutica sensu lato between populations north and south of the Pearl River Drainage but no data to show if phylogeographic structure occurs within these two main types. In this study, we found clear phylogeographic structure. In northern types, we found two main clades, corresponding to mainland China and island clades (Taiwan and Yaeyema Islands) with uncorrected p values of 0.00-2.0% divergence in our 2353 bp concatenated mtDNA data set. For the southern types, we found three main clades corresponding to Hainan, Mainland (Vietnam/Guangxi) and the Annam pond turtle (Mauremys annamensis) with divergence ranging from 1.0-1.8% among these three groups. Moreover, the identification of northern and southern types by phenotype was roughly 98% accurate, which, coupling with the deep genetic divergence in mtDNA (5.5-6.7%) and in the 6056 bp nuDNA data set (0.16-0.37%) provide sufficient evidence for northern M. mutica to be an independent species, and individuals from the southern clade should be regarded as subspecies of M. annamensis. Finally, we provide the most comprehensive database to date which can be used to determine the region of origin for captive stock. Making the large captive populations of M. mutica, under the right conditions, potentially valuable for restocking or augmentation of wild populations.

scholarly journals The interaction of climate history and evolution impacts alpine biodiversity assembly differently in freshwater and on land

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Jardim-deQueiroz ◽  
Carmela J. Doenz ◽  
Florian Altermatt ◽  
Roman Alther ◽  
Špela Borko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Radiation ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
European Alps ◽  
Climate History ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Climate Fluctuations ◽  
Quaternary Climate ◽  
Genetic Signatures

Quaternary climate fluctuations can affect biodiversity assembly through speciation in two non-mutually-exclusive ways: a glacial species pump, where isolation in glacial refugia accelerates allopatric speciation, and adaptive radiation during ice-free periods. Here we detected biogeographic and genetic signatures associated with both mechanisms in the generation of the European Alps biodiversity. Age distributions of endemic and widespread species within aquatic and terrestrial taxa (amphipods, fishes, amphibians, butterflies and flowering plants) revealed that endemic fish evolved only in lakes, are highly sympatric and mainly of Holocene age, consistent with adaptive radiation. Endemic amphipods are ancient, suggesting preglacial radiation with limited range expansion and local Pleistocene survival, perhaps facilitated by a groundwater-dwelling lifestyle. Terrestrial endemics are mostly of Pleistocene age, and are thus more consistent with the glacial species pump. The lack of evidence for Holocene adaptive radiation in the terrestrial biome may be attributable to a faster range expansion of these taxa after glacial retreats, though fewer stable environments may also have contributed to differences between terrestrial areas and lakes. The high proportion of young, endemic species make the Alps vulnerable to climate change, but the mechanisms and consequences of species loss will likely differ between biomes because of their distinct histories.

HARMONIA AXYRIDIS (PALLAS, 1773) (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE) IN MOSCOW CITY AND YALTA CITY: ITS COMPETITION WITH NATIVE SPECIES OF COCCINELLIDS AND THE INFLUENCE OF PARASITOIDS ON ITS NUMBER

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 114-133
Author(s):  
D. A. Romanov ◽  
E. A. Matveikina
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Adalia Bipunctata ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Insignificant Effect ◽  
The World ◽  
Moscow City ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Made In

The Asian ladybird Harmonia axyridis is an invasive species that is rapidly spreading around the world. Occupying new territories, H. axyridis often causes a decrease in the biodiversity of native species of coccinellids, competing with them for food resources. A comparison of H. axyridis with six species of ladybirds was made in terms of the ratio of the number of individuals and the degree of infestation with parasitoids. In Moscow city, the most widespread species of ladybirds was Adalia bipunctata (67.1%), H. axyridis ranks second (16.5%). The total infestation of H. axyridis pupae with parasitoids is 1.8% in Moscow city and 12.2% in Yalta city. Infestation with parasitoids of other ladybird species in Moscow city is much higher: from 11.0% to 36.4%. Thus, parasitoids effectively regulate the number of native ladybird species, but have an insignificant effect on the number of the invasive species H. axyridis .

Distribution of epi-endogeic and endogeic earthworm species (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) in the forest belt of the Northwest Caucasus

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4975 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-573
Author(s):  
ANNA GERASKINA ◽  
NIKOLAY SHEVCHENKO
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Forest Belt ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Gis Modeling ◽  
Earthworm Species ◽  
Alder Forest ◽  
Density And Biomass

The distribution of the often dominant in density and biomass epi-endogeic and endogeic earthworm species in forests of the Northwest Caucasus was estimated based on a large array of field data and GIS modeling of modern potential areas. Quantitative accountings of earthworms were conducted annually from 2014 to 2019 in different types of forests: sticky alder forest, small-leaved forests, broadleaf forests (hornbeam and beech forests), coniferous-deciduous forests, dark coniferous forests, and pine forests (792 geographic locations). It is shown that the native species of the Caucasian fauna dominate in the number and biomass from piedmont to high mountain forests. The most widespread species that is found in all types of forests from low to high mountains and makes the main contribution to the biomass of earthworms is the Crimean-Caucasian subendemic Dendrobaena schmidti. Peregrine species of epi-endogeic and endogeic earthworms inhabit sticky alder forest, small-leaved, broadleaf and pine forests in which they inhabit together with native species, while not dominating either in numbers or in biomass among other species. Dark coniferous forests are inhabited mainly by the native endogeic species D. schmidti and A. jassyensis. Maxent modeling shows that the species of the endogeic earthworm group have wider potential areas than epi-endogeic species. The most significant bioclimatic factors that make the greatest contribution to the distribution: amount of precipitation in the driest month, altitude above the sea level, isothermality. 

scholarly journals Tropical Niche Conservatism Explains the Eocene Migration from India to Southeast Asia in Ochyroceratid Spiders

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 987-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengyuan Li ◽  
Lili Shao ◽  
Shuqiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Niche Conservatism ◽  
Early Eocene ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Plate Movement ◽  
Se Asia ◽  
Ideal System ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dated Phylogeny

Abstract Biological migrations between India and Southeast (SE) Asia provide an ideal system for exploring the effects of geology and climate on species ranges. Geologists have confirmed that the direct collision between India and Eurasia occurred in the Early Eocene, but most migrations occurred between the Indian subcontinent and SE Asia rather than the former and the southern margin of Eurasia. To explain this seemingly paradoxical disconnect between the routes of plate movement and biological migration, we studied the evolutionary history of the tropical spider family Ochyroceratidae based on 101 globally distributed species. We infer a robust dated phylogeny using both transcriptomic data and a data set of classical markers and relate these to biogeographic and climatic analyses. Our results indicate that the monophyly of Ochyroceratidae is strongly supported, and the divergence times suggest a Cretaceous Gondwanan origin of the family. Reconstructed biogeographic histories support a dispersal event from the Indian subcontinent to islands of SE Asia 55–38 Ma. Climatic analyses and the fossil record reveal that ochyroceratids are characterized by a high degree of tropical niche conservatism, and that the ancestor of the Indian and SE Asian clades originated in very warm, wet environments. Early Eocene tropical, perhumid climates in India, and SE Asia may have facilitated ochyroceratid migration, whereas the dry or seasonal climate extending from the eastern coast of China to Central Asia may have acted as a barrier, preventing dispersal. Our analyses suggest that climate plays a more important role than geology in biological migration from the Indian subcontinent to SE Asia, providing new insights into the Indian–Asian biogeographic link. [Biogeography; ecology; geological connections; macroevolution; paleoclimate.]

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