scholarly journals Kin Recognition in a Clonal Fish, Poecilia Formosa

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber M. Makowicz ◽  
Ralph Tiedemann ◽  
Rachel N. Steele ◽  
Ingo Schlupp
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Kin Selection ◽  
Kin Recognition ◽  
Aggressive Behaviors ◽  
Amazon Molly ◽  
Poecilia Formosa ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Clonal Organisms ◽  
Limited Genetic Diversity

AbstractRelatedness strongly influences social behaviors in a wide variety of species. For most species, the highest typical degree of relatedness is between full siblings with 50% shared genes. However, this is poorly understood in species with unusually high relatedness between individuals: clonal organisms. Although there has been some investigation into clonal invertebrates and yeast, nothing is known about kin selection in clonal vertebrates. We show that a clonal fish, the Amazon molly (Poecilia formosa), can distinguish between different clonal lineages, associating with genetically identical, sister clonals, and use multiple sensory modalities. Also, they scale their aggressive behaviors according to the relatedness to other females: they are more aggressive to non-related clones. Our results demonstrate that even in species with very small genetic differences between individuals, kin recognition can be adaptive. Their discriminatory abilities and regulation of costly behaviors provides a powerful example of natural selection in species with limited genetic diversity.

scholarly journals Female-female aggression in a sexual/unisexual species complex over resources

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber Makowicz ◽  
Tana Moore ◽  
Ingo Schlupp
Keyword(s):  
Kin Selection ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Kin Recognition ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Social Partner ◽  
Aggressive Behaviors ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Amazon Molly

AbstractKin selection theory predicts that closely related individuals should be more altruistic and less antagonistic towards one another. In addition, it would predict that the higher the relatedness value (R) between individuals, such as in clonal organisms, the more likely kin selection is to evolve. One benefit of kin selection is a reduction in aggression towards kininvarious social contexts, such as foraging. In the gynogenetic Amazon molly, Poecilia formosa, females have been shown to differentiate between clone types, preferring to associate with clonal sisters to non-sisters, and regulate their aggressive behaviors accordingly. We ask ifAmazon mollies in resource-limited environments: 1) still maintain the ability to regulate aggressive behaviors according to relatedness (heterospecific females, clonal sisters or non-sisters), and 2) how their aggressivebehaviors change relative to a female’s social partner? Using a repeated-measures design, we found that focal females regulated their aggressive behaviors depending on partner type (i.e., a heterospecific female, clonal sister, or non-sister). Heterospecific females and the non-sister clones spent more time behaving aggressively towards the focal females, and these females also received significantly more bites from heterospecific females. Interestingly, the clonal sisters, when compared to the other two female types, performed significantly more tail beats towards focal females.We are able to confirm that females do show more aggression towards heterospecific females and non-sister clones in a food-limited environment, andthat their aggression scales with relatedness (R).Lay SummaryKin recognition allows individuals to adjust costly behaviors, such as aggression, according to the degree of genetic relatedness. We show that in a food-limited environment, a clonal species of fish, the Amazon molly, females regulate aggressive behaviors depending on how closely related they are to the recipient female, behaving more aggressively to both heterospecific females and non-sister clones. The ability to regulate costly behaviors under variable socialconditions is advantageous, especially when resources are limited.

Microsatellites for the gynogenetic Amazon molly,Poecilia formosa: useful tools for detection of mutation rate, ploidy determination and overall genetic diversity

2006 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin P. Lampert ◽  
Dunja K. Lamatsch ◽  
Susanne Schories ◽  
Armin Hopf ◽  
Francisco J. Garcia De Leon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mutation Rate ◽  
Ploidy Determination ◽  
Amazon Molly ◽  
Poecilia Formosa

scholarly journals Two Locomotor Traits Show Different Patterns of Developmental Plasticity Between Closely Related Clonal and Sexual Fish

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate L. Laskowski ◽  
Frank Seebacher ◽  
Marie Habedank ◽  
Johannes Meka ◽  
David Bierbach
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Poecilia Mexicana ◽  
Amazon Molly ◽  
Poecilia Formosa ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Locomotor Capacity

The capacity to compensate for environmental change determines population persistence and biogeography. In ectothermic organisms, performance at different temperatures can be strongly affected by temperatures experienced during early development. Such developmental plasticity is mediated through epigenetic mechanisms that induce phenotypic changes within the animal’s lifetime. However, epigenetic modifiers themselves are encoded by DNA so that developmental plasticity could itself be contingent on genetic diversity. In this study, we test the hypothesis that the capacity for developmental plasticity depends on a species’ among-individual genetic diversity. To test this, we exploited a unique species complex that contains both the clonal, genetically identical Amazon molly (Poecilia formosa), and the sexual, genetically diverse Atlantic molly (Poecilia mexicana). We predicted that the greater among-individual genetic diversity in the Atlantic molly may increase their capacity for developmental plasticity. We raised both clonal and sexual mollies at either warm (28°C) or cool (22°C) temperatures and then measured locomotor capacity (critical sustained swimming performance) and unforced movement in an open field across a temperature gradient that simulated environmental conditions often experienced by these species in the wild. In the clonal Amazon molly, differences in the developmental environment led to a shift in the thermal performance curve of unforced movement patterns, but much less so in maximal locomotor capacity. In contrast, the sexual Atlantic mollies exhibited the opposite pattern: developmental plasticity was present in maximal locomotor capacity, but not in unforced movement. Thus our data show that developmental plasticity in clones and their sexual, genetically more diverse sister species is trait dependent. This points toward mechanistic differences in how genetic diversity mediates plastic responses exhibited in different traits.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and natural selection on the thrombospondin-related adhesive protein (TRAP) gene of Plasmodium falciparum on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea and global comparative analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Yun Lin ◽  
Hui-Ying Huang ◽  
Xue-Yan Liang ◽  
Dong-De Xie ◽  
Jiang-Tao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Protein Structure ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Bioko Island ◽  
Adhesive Protein ◽  
Trap Gene ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background Thrombospondin-related adhesive protein (TRAP) is a transmembrane protein that plays a crucial role during the invasion of Plasmodium falciparum into liver cells. As a potential malaria vaccine candidate, the genetic diversity and natural selection of PfTRAP was assessed and the global PfTRAP polymorphism pattern was described. Methods 153 blood spot samples from Bioko malaria patients were collected during 2016–2018 and the target TRAP gene was amplified. Together with the sequences from database, nucleotide diversity and natural selection analysis, and the structural prediction were preformed using bioinformatical tools. Results A total of 119 Bioko PfTRAP sequences were amplified successfully. On Bioko Island, PfTRAP shows its high degree of genetic diversity and heterogeneity, with π value for 0.01046 and Hd for 0.99. The value of dN–dS (6.2231, p < 0.05) hinted at natural selection of PfTRAP on Bioko Island. Globally, the African PfTRAPs showed more diverse than the Asian ones, and significant genetic differentiation was discovered by the fixation index between African and Asian countries (Fst > 0.15, p < 0.05). 667 Asian isolates clustered in 136 haplotypes and 739 African isolates clustered in 528 haplotypes by network analysis. The mutations I116T, L221I, Y128F, G228V and P299S were predicted as probably damaging by PolyPhen online service, while mutations L49V, R285G, R285S, P299S and K421N would lead to a significant increase of free energy difference (ΔΔG > 1) indicated a destabilization of protein structure. Conclusions Evidences in the present investigation supported that PfTRAP gene from Bioko Island and other malaria endemic countries is highly polymorphic (especially at T cell epitopes), which provided the genetic information background for developing an PfTRAP-based universal effective vaccine. Moreover, some mutations have been shown to be detrimental to the protein structure or function and deserve further study and continuous monitoring.

Further Evidence for Limited Genetic Diversity among East African Isolates of Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus

2008 ◽  
Vol 156 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Aritua ◽  
E. Barg ◽  
E. Adipala ◽  
R. W. Gibson ◽  
H. J. Vetten
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
East African ◽  
Limited Genetic Diversity

scholarly journals Limited Genetic Diversity of Recent Invasive Isolates of Non-Serotype b Encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae

2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1264-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Omikunle ◽  
S. Takahashi ◽  
C. L. Ogilvie ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
C. A. Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Serotype B ◽  
Limited Genetic Diversity

Polymorphic MHC loci in an asexual fish, the amazon molly (Poecilia formosa; Poeciliidae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 5220-5230 ◽  
Author(s):  
HELMUT SCHASCHL ◽  
MICHAEL TOBLER ◽  
MARTIN PLATH ◽  
DUSTIN J. PENN ◽  
INGO SCHLUPP
Keyword(s):  
Amazon Molly ◽  
Poecilia Formosa

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Natural Selection of Plasmodium vivax Duffy Binding Protein-II From China-Myanmar Border of Yunnan Province, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian-Qi Shi ◽  
Hai-Mo Shen ◽  
Shen-Bo Chen ◽  
Kokouvi Kassegne ◽  
Yan-Bing Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Positive Selection ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Duffy Binding Protein ◽  
Synonymous Mutations ◽  
Selection Of

Malaria incidence has declined dramatically over the past decade and China was certified malaria-free in 2021. However, the presence of malaria in border areas and the importation of cases of malaria parasites are major challenges for the consolidation of the achievements made by China. Plasmodium vivax Duffy binding protein (PvDBP) performs a significant role in erythrocyte invasion, and is considered a promising P. vivax vaccine. However, the highly polymorphic region of PvDBP (PvDBP-II) impedes the development of blood-stage vaccine against P. vivax. In this study, we investigated the genetic diversity and natural selection of PvDBP-II among 124 P. vivax isolates collected from the China-Myanmar border (CMB) in Yunnan Province, China, during 2009–2011. To compare genetic diversity, natural selection, and population structure with CMB isolates, 85 pvdbp-II sequences of eastern Myanmar isolates were obtained from GenBank. In addition, global sequences of pvdbp-II were retrieved from GenBank to establish genetic differentiation relationships and networks with the CMB isolates. In total, 22 single nucleotide polymorphisms reflected in 20 non-synonymous and two synonymous mutations were identified. The overall nucleotide diversity of PvDBP-II from the 124 CMB isolates was 0.0059 with 21 haplotypes identified (Hd = 0.91). The high ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous mutations suggests that PvDBP-II had evolved under positive selection. Population structure analysis of the CMB and eastern Myanmar isolates were optimally grouped into five sub-populations (K = 5). Polymorphisms of PvDBP-II display that CMB isolates were genetically diverse. Mutation, recombination, and positive selection promote polymorphism of PvDBP-II of P. vivax population. Although low-level genetic differentiation in eastern Myanmar was identified along with the more effective malaria control measures, the complexity of population structure in malaria parasites has maintained. In conclusion, findings from this study advance knowledge of the understanding of the dynamic of P. vivax population, which will contribute to guiding the rational design of a PvDBP-II based vaccine.

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