scholarly journals Understanding Wolbachia acquisition and co-divergence of hosts and their associated bacteria: Wolbachia infection in the Chorthippus parallelus hybrid zone

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martinez-Rodriguez Paloma ◽  
Arroyo-Yebras Francisca ◽  
Bella Jose Luis
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Zone ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Wolbachia Infection ◽  
New Host ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Genomic Changes ◽  
Chorthippus Parallelus ◽  
Bacterial Endosymbionts

Wolbachia is one of the best known bacterial endosymbionts affecting insects and nematodes. It is estimated that it infects 40% of insect species, so epidemiologically it may be considered a pandemic species. However, the mechanisms by which it is acquired from other species (horizontal transmission) or by which it coevolves with its hosts as a result of vertical transmission across generations are not known in detail. In fact, there are few systems in which the codivergence between host and bacterium has been described. This study goes in deep in the Wolbachia infection in the grasshopper Chorthippus parallelus. This well-known system allows us to investigate the mechanism of acquisition of various Wolbachia strains in a new host, and the bacterial genomic changes during bacterial-host codivergence: We describe the genetic diversity of Wolbachia strains infecting both subspecies of C. parallelus and analyse their phylogenetic relationship. We also show the emergence of new bacterial alleles resulting from recombination events in Wolbachia infecting hybrid hosts. Our data suggest that F strains detected in this grasshopper have co-diverged with its host, versus a more recent horizontal transmission of B strains. According with this, we discuss the potential role of Wolbachia in the dynamics of the grasshopper hybrid zone and in the divergence of the two grasshopper subspecies since the origin of their hybrid zone.

Variation in the microbiome of the spider mite Tetranychus truncatus with sex, instar and endosymbiont infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Xi Zhu ◽  
Zhang-Rong Song ◽  
Shi-Mei Huo ◽  
Kun Yang ◽  
Xiao-Yue Hong
Keyword(s):  
Spider Mite ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Spider Mites ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Dominant Bacteria ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

ABSTRACT Most arthropod-associated bacterial communities play a crucial role in host functional traits, whose structure could be dominated by endosymbionts. The spider mite Tetranychus truncatus is a notorious agricultural pest harboring various endosymbionts, yet the effects of endosymbionts on spider mite microbiota remain largely unknown. Here, using deep sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, we characterized the microbiota of male and female T. truncatus with different endosymbionts (Wolbachia and Spiroplasma) across different developmental stages. Although the spider mite microbiota composition varied across the different developmental stages, Proteobacteria were the most dominant bacteria harbored in all samples. Positive relationships among related operational taxonomic units dominated the significant coassociation networks among bacteria. Moreover, the spider mites coinfected with Wolbachia and Spiroplasma had a significantly higher daily fecundity and juvenile survival rate than the singly infected or uninfected spider mites. The possible function of spider-mite associated bacteria was discussed. Our results highlight the dynamics of spider mite microbiotas across different life stages, and the potential role of endosymbionts in shaping the microbiota of spider mites and improving host fitness.

scholarly journals Meiotic imbalance in laboratory-produced hybrid males of Chorthippus parallelus parallelus and Chorthippus parallelus erythropus

1990 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Bella ◽  
G. M. Hewitt ◽  
J. Gosálvez
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Zone ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Regions ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Chorthippus Parallelus ◽  
Reciprocal Differences ◽  
Rdna Expression

SummaryThe grasshopper Chorthippus parallelus has two quite distinct subspecies, which meet along the Pyrenees forming a hybrid zone. Using silver staining we show that on the French side Cp. parallelus has three nucleolar organizer regions, on the L2, L3 and X chromosomes, while on the Spanish side Cp. erythropus has only two NORs, on the L2 and L3. Laboratory F1 hybrid males show reciprocal differences in the expression of NORs. When a Cp. erythropus is female parent the male progeny show four active NORs in mitotic cells and two silver precipitates in meiotic cells, as expected. But when a Cp. parallelus female donates the X with a NOR, her male offspring have a variable disrupted nucleolar expression. Some NORs are not expressed and extra sites of cryptic rDNA are revealed. Meiosis is more disturbed in this latter F1 cross with higher levels of polyploidy, but both Fls show around 90% spermatid abnormality. Such variation in rDNA expression is also found in individuals collected from the hybrid zone, and the role of this disturbance in affecting fitness is discussed.

Note on the first occurrence of larval Echinococcus multilocularis in Clethrionomys rex in Hokkaido, Japan

1995 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Takahashi ◽  
K. Nakata
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Host Record ◽  
Natural Cycle ◽  
New Host ◽  
New Host Record ◽  
First Occurrence

AbstractLarval Echinococcus multilocularis was found in Clethrionomys rex in Hokkaido, Japan. C. rex is a new host record for E. multilocularis. The cysts were filled with numerous protoscoleces suggesting a potential role of this vole in a natural cycle of transmission.

Potential Role of Plant-Associated Bacteria in Plant Metal Uptake and Implications in Phytotechnologies

2017 ◽  
pp. 87-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra S. Kidd ◽  
Vanessa Álvarez-López ◽  
Cristina Becerra-Castro ◽  
Maribel Cabello-Conejo ◽  
Ángeles Prieto-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Metal Uptake ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Plant Metal Uptake

Insights into the Role of Quorum Sensing in Food Spoilage

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 1510-1525 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHAMMED SALIM AMMOR ◽  
CHRISTOS MICHAELIDIS ◽  
GEORGE-JOHN E. NYCHAS
Keyword(s):  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Signaling Molecules ◽  
Food Spoilage ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Quorum Sensing Inhibitors ◽  
Detection And Quantification

Food spoilage is a consequence of the degrading enzymatic activity of some food-associated bacteria. Several proteolytic, lipolytic, chitinolytic, and pectinolytic activities associated with the deterioration of goods are regulated by quorum sensing, suggesting a potential role of such cell-to-cell communication in food spoilage. Here we review quorum sensing signaling molecules and methods of their detection and quantification, and we provide insights into the role of quorum sensing in food spoilage and address potential quorum sensing inhibitors that might be used as biopreservatives.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document