scholarly journals Climatic warming strengthens a positive feedback between alpine shrubs and fire

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S Camac ◽  
Richard J Williams ◽  
Carl-Henrik Wahren ◽  
Ary A Hoffmann ◽  
Peter A Vesk
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Alpine Ecosystems ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Tussock Grass ◽  
Tall Shrub

AbstractClimate change is expected to increase fire activity and woody plant encroachment in arctic and alpine landscapes. However, the extent to which these increases interact to affect the structure, function and composition of alpine ecosystems is largely unknown. Here we use field surveys and experimental manipulations to examine how warming and fire affect recruitment, seedling growth and seedling survival in four dominant Australian alpine shrubs. We found that fire increased establishment of shrub seedlings by as much as 33–fold. Experimental warming also doubled growth rates of tall shrub seedlings and could potentially increase their survival. By contrast, warming had no effect on shrub recruitment, post-fire tussock regeneration, or how tussock grass affected shrub seedling growth and survival. These findings indicate that warming, coupled with more frequent or severe fires, will likely result in an increase in the cover and abundance of evergreen shrubs. Given shrubs are one of the most flammable components in alpine and tundra environments, warming is likely to strengthen an existing feedback between woody species abundance and fire in these ecosystems.

scholarly journals Rehabilitation of Degraded Tropical Rainforest Using Dipterocarp Trees in Sarawak, Malaysia

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hattori Daisuke ◽  
Kenzo Tanaka ◽  
Kendawang Joseph Jawa ◽  
Ninomiya Ikuo ◽  
Sakurai Katsutoshi
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
Degraded Land ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Seedling Growth Rate ◽  
Logged Forest

To develop rehabilitation planting techniques in tropical degraded forests, we investigated (1) basic soil characteristics and light conditions; (2) growth and survival of seven dipterocarp seedlings over 81 months; and (3) the effect of environmental factors on the survival of seedlings grown in three degraded vegetations (grassland, secondary forest, and logged forest) in Sarawak, Malaysia. The soil was weakly acidic, and kaolin minerals dominated. The amount of exchangeable bases in surface soils, soil temperature (>35°C), and relative light intensity were all highest in the grassland. Seedling growth was also highest in the grassland, whereas many seedlings died there over 81 months. Growth and survivability were very similar in secondary and logged forests. The death of the seedlings in the grassland was attributable to an extremely high light intensity for all species. In contrast, the seedling growth rate in all species was also enhanced by light intensity. In conclusion, dipterocarp seedlings can be planted on highly degraded land such as grassland, although high light intensity limits their survival. Planting under nurse trees such as regenerated pioneer trees may be an effective method to enhance seedling survival under open conditions such as grassland.

scholarly journals Ecological Threats of an Ecotourism Destination: The Case of Owu Waterfall, Kwara State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 839-855
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Babafemi ◽  
Anunta Chika ◽  
Adediran Olabanji ◽  
Odewumi Sunday ◽  
Apaokagi Kayode ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Papio Anubis ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
World Class ◽  
Tourism Activity ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Anthropogenic Threats ◽  
Real State

Every Ecotourism destination consists of its own physical and climatic condition with its potentials of natural resources like wildlife, hills, mountains and vegetation to be nurtured and preserved for tourism, educational and research purposes amongst other uses. Maintenance of the physical environment of tourism activity is crucial for site sustainability. To examine the real state of affairs at one of Nigeria’s ecotourism destinations, field surveys were implemented within an area approximately 2160 hectares of land which forms the main-bow of Owu Waterfall. Woody plant composition, faunal species and anthropogenic threats were assessed. A total of 34 woody plant species in 20 families were encountered. There were differences in the woody species composition of the Waterfall site. Six species of wild animals: Cercopithecus mona, C. tantalus, Papio anubis, Galagoides Spp Xerus Sp and Epixerus Sp were directly sighted. Four major threat activities were reported as logging, farming, annual burning and grazing. This study made recommendations that all sustainable measures be explored to maintain the site. More so, development of the site should be a multidisciplinary approach given that it has the capacity to be developed as a world-class tourism destination.

The influence of litter and humus accumulations and canopy openness on Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr. and Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. seedlings growing on logs

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1475-1479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E. Harmon
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Canopy Openness ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Lower Survival ◽  
Tree Canopy Cover ◽  
Humus Accumulation

The influence of litter and humus accumulations on the surface of logs and canopy openness upon growth and survival of Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr. and Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. seedlings was tested experimentally at Cascade Head Experimental Forest, near Otis, Oregon. This was done by adding litter and humus to the surface of freshly fallen logs. Survival rates of both species increased asymptotically as litter accumulations on logs increased. Mean maximum survival was 58% for Picea and 34% for Tsuga. Picea seedling survival peaked when tree canopy cover ranged from 70 to 80% with lower survival at either higher or lower values. Tsuga survival was highest under closed canopies. Seedling growth increased as litter–humus accumulation and canopy openness increased.

scholarly journals Does Storage under Gene Bank Conditions Affect Seed Germination and Seedling Growth? The Case of Senecio morisii (Asteraceae), a Vascular Plant Exclusive to Sardinian Water Meadows

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba Cuena-Lombraña ◽  
Martina Sanna ◽  
Marco Porceddu ◽  
Gianluigi Bacchetta
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Term Storage

Understanding seed viability under long-term storage conditions provides basic and useful information to investigate the effectiveness of seed banking. Besides the germination success, seedling establishment is also an important requirement, and a decisive step to ensure plant propagation. We used comparative data of germination, seedling growth, and survival percentage between fresh and 10-years-stored seeds of Senecio morisii, a narrow endemic and vulnerable species of Sardinia (Italy), in order to evaluate if differences exist in these traits between fresh and 10-years-stored seeds. Stored seeds showed higher germination percentages than fresh ones, whereas seedling growth and survival did not present significant differences between them, except for seedling growth in plants produced from seeds germinated at 25 °C. This study allowed us to assess if seeds of S. morisii were able to germinate under controlled conditions, and if they maintained their viability and germination capacity for at least 10 years of long-term storage in the seed bank. In addition, the high seedling survival detected in both fresh and stored seeds suggests that stored seeds of S. morisii can be used to support reinforcement or reintroduction actions when fresh materials are not available.

Factors influencing germination of Scolochloa festucacea caryopses

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 2085-2092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Factors Influencing

Germination and seedling emergence increased with increasing caryopses weight in Scolochloa festucacea. Maximum seedling survival occurred when caryopses were planted 1 cm deep. Simulation of anaerobic conditions by soaking caryopses increased seedling emergence. Seedling emergence increased after imbibed caryopses were treated in a N2 atmosphere. Emergence also was increased by soaking caryopses in 95% ethyl alcohol up to 60 min. Stratification apparently improved germination but was not a requirement. Scolochloa festucacea caryopses were more tolerant of MgCl2 than NaCl in the germination media. Optimum seedling growth occurred at 20C.

Longleaf pine seedling growth and survival: Effects of season and intensity of simulated prescribed burning

2021 ◽  
Vol 502 ◽  
pp. 119719
Author(s):  
Daniel K. Brethauer ◽  
Ajay Sharma ◽  
Jason G. Vogel ◽  
Deborah L. Miller ◽  
Edzard van Santen
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Growth And Survival

Resilience aspects of woody plant species at the passage of fire: case of Quercus coccifera in Tlemcen Mountains (Algeria)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-128
Author(s):  
Asma Rafa ◽  
◽  
Mohamed Berrichi ◽  
Ahmed Haddad ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Conduction ◽  
Porous Structure ◽  
Root System ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Quercus Coccifera ◽  
Pyrolysis Gases

In this study, on the aspects of the resilience of woody species to the passage of fire, we wanted to test the alveolar specificity represented by the size of the pores of the secondary xylem of the root system in Quercus coccifera L., Pore size assessment is based on measuring 100 pores in cross sections, from the roots of 10 shrubs. The aim of this study is to explain how the roots can maintain their vitality after passing a fire and thus guarantee regeneration. In addition to the vigor of the root system of this species, the release of pyrolysis gases and the propagation of heat by conduction are provided by the porosity of the material. The results show that the pores are qualified as “fine” in the initial wood with an average diameter of 83.35 µm. In final wood, they are "very thin" with 42.30 µm in diameter. The absence of oxygen and the less porous structure delay the combustion cycle of the root system, the roots distant from the surface are thus protected from proliferation by heat conduction and thus guarantee regeneration.

scholarly journals Prunus Africana Provenances Growth and Survival Evaluation in the Highland of Awi zone, Amhara Region, North Western Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Demekristos
Keyword(s):  
Light Exposure ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Prunus Africana ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Establishment Rate

The aims of the study were to evaluate seedling growth and survival of Prunus africana provenances in awi highland based on ecological requirement of the tree. We measured survival and growth of three P.africana provenances seedlings found in Ethiopia (provenances sources namely: Gedeo, Jibat and Munnessa). Design of experiment with randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Seedlings planted at 2m, 2.5m and 3m distance between plants, plot, and blocks respectively. A plot size of 10mx10m and 25 plants are found per plot (0.01ha). We used ANOVA to test differences in survival, and growth among provenances over time. Results concluded that, provenances have no significant variation among in establishment rate, plant height and collar diameter growth. Of these provenances, Jibat was the first in establishment (56%), second in height (1.97m) and diameter (2.89cm). Gedeo was stood first in height (2.30m) but second in establishment rate (52%) and thickness(3.45cm), but Munessa with very good growth in diameter(3.59cm) might be prefreed for bark extraction followed by Gedeo, last in height (1.75m),but established second (52%). Contrary to expectations, seedlings were still at substantial risk of mortality ≥3 years after planting. Probably the plants survival rate and growth probably affected by altitude, soil water potential, light exposure, and wild animal presence in the surrounding. In steep slope sites, canopy shade, existing weed vegetation as well as wild animals such as apes is unlikely to enhance seedling survival after planting. Our results suggest that seedling mean growth increased with 0.008mm thickness and 0.41mm per day while 2.8mm thickness and 146.8mm tall increment recorded in 2560meter elevated high land or injibara with mean value of 18.5°C and rain fall is 1300mm.

scholarly journals Alien and native woody plants in scattered vegetation in agricultural landscape

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
Ján Supuka ◽  
Attila Tóth ◽  
Mária Bihuňová ◽  
Martina Verešová ◽  
Karol Šinka
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Lycium Barbarum ◽  
Dominance Index ◽  
Acer Campestre

AbstractThe woody plant species composition has been evaluated in three cadastral territories of southwestern Slovakia, together in 77 habitats of non-forest woody vegetation (NFWV). A total of 43 tree species have been identified; 8 of them were alien and 5 species were cultural fruit trees. In total 20 shrub species were identified, out of which 3 were alien. Three woody species are classified as invasive according to the law in Slovakia: Acer negundo L., Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, and Lycium barbarum L. They occurred only in 2, maximum in 4 of the evaluated habitats. The most occurring alien tree species Robinia pseudoacacia L. was generally identified in 58 habitats and in 48 habitats, with an incidence over 40% and dominance index of 70.6. The second most occurring alien tree Populus × canadensis had a dominance index of 8.3. The dominant native trees in NFWV were Acer campestre L., Fraxinus excelsior L., Quercus robur L., Salix fragilis L. with the dominance index of 1–5 only.

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