scholarly journals Arabidopsis ATHB17 coordinates nuclear and plastidic photosynthesis gene expression in response to abiotic stress

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Zhao ◽  
Rong Cui ◽  
Ping Xu ◽  
Jieli Mao ◽  
Yu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Knockout Mutant ◽  
Photosynthetic Genes ◽  
Reduced Salt ◽  
Photosynthesis Gene

Photosynthesis is sensitive to environmental stresses. How nuclear and plastid genome coordinate to cope with abiotic stress is not well understood. Here we report that ATHB17, an Arabidopsis HD-Zip transcription factor, coordinates the expression of nuclear encoded photosynthetic genes (NEPGs) and plastid encoded genes (PEGs) in response to abiotic stress. ATHB17-overexpressing plants display enhanced stress tolerance, whereas its knockout mutant is more sensitive compared to the wild type. Through RNA-seq analysis, we found that ATHB17 down-regulated many NEPGs while up-regulated a number of PEGs. ATHB17 could directly modulate the expression of several NEPGs by binding to their promoters. Furthermore, we identified ATSIG5, encoding a plastid sigma factor, as one of the target genes of ATHB17. Loss of ATSIG5 reduced salt tolerance while overexpression of ATSIG5 enhanced salt tolerance, similar to that of ATHB17. Taken together, our results reveal that ATHB17 is an important coordinator between NEPGs and PEGs partially through ATSIG5 to protect photosynthesis machinery in response to abiotic stresses.

scholarly journals Abiotic Stress in Plants; Stress Perception to Molecular Response and Role of Biotechnological Tools in Stress Resistance

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1579
Author(s):  
Qari Muhammad Imran ◽  
Noreen Falak ◽  
Adil Hussain ◽  
Bong-Gyu Mun ◽  
Byung-Wook Yun
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Signaling Cascades ◽  
Molecular Response ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Stress Signal

Plants, due to their sessile nature, face several environmental adversities. Abiotic stresses such as heat, cold, drought, heavy metals, and salinity are serious threats to plant production and yield. To cope with these stresses, plants have developed sophisticated mechanisms to avoid or resist stress conditions. A proper response to abiotic stress depends primarily on how plants perceive the stress signal, which in turn leads to initiation of signaling cascades and induction of resistance genes. New biotechnological tools such as RNA-seq and CRISPR-cas9 are quite useful in identifying target genes on a global scale, manipulating these genes to achieve tolerance, and helping breeders to develop stress-tolerant cultivars. In this review, we will briefly discuss the adverse effects of key abiotic stresses such as cold, heat, drought, and salinity. We will also discuss how plants sense various stresses and the importance of biotechnological tools in the development of stress-tolerant cultivars.

scholarly journals Ovarian Tumor Domain-Containing Proteases-Deubiquitylation Enzyme Gene SsCI33130 Involved in the Regulation of Mating/Filamentation and Pathogenicity in Sporisorium scitamineum

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huizhong Li ◽  
Yichang Cai ◽  
Quanqing Deng ◽  
Han Bao ◽  
Jianwen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Knockout Mutant ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Sporisorium Scitamineum ◽  
Knockout Mutants ◽  
Sexual Mating

Sugarcane is an important sugar crop. Sugarcane smut, caused by Sporisorium scitamineum, is a worldwide sugarcane disease with serious economic losses and lack of effective control measures. Revealing the molecular pathogenesis of S. scitamineum is very helpful to the development of effective prevention and control technology. Deubiquitinase removes ubiquitin molecules from their binding substrates and participates in a variety of physiological activities in eukaryotes. Based on the transcriptome sequencing data of two isolates (Ss16 and Ss47) of S. scitamineum with different pathogenicities, SsCI33130, a gene encoding an OTU1-deubiquitin enzyme, was identified. The positive knockout mutants and complementary mutants of the SsCI33130 gene were successfully obtained through polyethylene glycol-mediated protoplast transformation technology. In order to study the possible function of this gene in pathogenicity, phenotypic comparison of the growth, morphology, abiotic stress, sexual mating, pathogenicity, and gene expression levels of the knockout mutants, complementary mutants, and their wild type strains were conducted. The results demonstrated that the gene had almost no effect on abiotic stress, cell wall integrity, growth, and morphology, but was related to the sexual mating and pathogenicity of S. scitamineum. The sexual mating ability and pathogenicity between the knockout mutants or between the knockout mutant and wild type were more significantly reduced than between the wild types, the complementary mutants, or the wild types and complementary mutants. The sexual mating between the knockout mutants or between the knockout mutant and wild type could be restored by the exogenous addition of small-molecule signaling substances such as 5 mM cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) or 0.02 mM tryptophol. In addition, during sexual mating, the expression levels of tryptophol and cAMP synthesis-related genes in the knockout mutant combinations were significantly lower than those in the wild type combinations, while the expression levels in the complementary mutant combinations were restored to the level of the wild type. It is speculated that the SsCI33130 gene may be involved in the development of sexual mating and pathogenicity in S. scitamineum by regulating the synthesis of the small-molecule signaling substances (cAMP or tryptophol) required during the sexual mating of S. scitamineum, thereby providing a molecular basis for the study of the pathogenic mechanisms of S. scitamineum.

scholarly journals Overexpression of a Novel ROP Gene from the Banana (MaROP5g) Confers Increased Salt Stress Tolerance

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 3108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongxia Miao ◽  
Peiguang Sun ◽  
Juhua Liu ◽  
Jingyi Wang ◽  
Biyu Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Ion Distribution ◽  
Membrane Injury ◽  
Primary Roots

Rho-like GTPases from plants (ROPs) are plant-specific molecular switches that are crucial for plant survival when subjected to abiotic stress. We identified and characterized 17 novel ROP proteins from Musa acuminata (MaROPs) using genomic techniques. The identified MaROPs fell into three of the four previously described ROP groups (Groups II–IV), with MaROPs in each group having similar genetic structures and conserved motifs. Our transcriptomic analysis showed that the two banana genotypes tested, Fen Jiao and BaXi Jiao, had similar responses to abiotic stress: Six genes (MaROP-3b, -5a, -5c, -5f, -5g, and -6) were highly expressed in response to cold, salt, and drought stress conditions in both genotypes. Of these, MaROP5g was most highly expressed in response to salt stress. Co-localization experiments showed that the MaROP5g protein was localized at the plasma membrane. When subjected to salt stress, transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana overexpressing MaROP5g had longer primary roots and increased survival rates compared to wild-type A. thaliana. The increased salt tolerance conferred by MaROP5g might be related to reduced membrane injury and the increased cytosolic K+/Na+ ratio and Ca2+ concentration in the transgenic plants as compared to wild-type. The increased expression of salt overly sensitive (SOS)-pathway genes and calcium-signaling pathway genes in MaROP5g-overexpressing A. thaliana reflected the enhanced tolerance to salt stress by the transgenic lines in comparison to wild-type. Collectively, our results suggested that abiotic stress tolerance in banana plants might be regulated by multiple MaROPs, and that MaROP5g might enhance salt tolerance by increasing root length, improving membrane injury and ion distribution.

scholarly journals Depicting the Core Transcriptome Modulating Multiple Abiotic Stresses Responses in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 3930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Komivi Dossa ◽  
Marie A. Mmadi ◽  
Rong Zhou ◽  
Tianyuan Zhang ◽  
Ruqi Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Hub Genes ◽  
Hub Gene ◽  
The Core

Sesame is a source of a healthy vegetable oil, attracting a growing interest worldwide. Abiotic stresses have devastating effects on sesame yield; hence, studies have been performed to understand sesame molecular responses to abiotic stresses, but the core abiotic stress-responsive genes (CARG) that the plant reuses in response to an array of environmental stresses are unknown. We performed a meta-analysis of 72 RNA-Seq datasets from drought, waterlogging, salt and osmotic stresses and identified 543 genes constantly and differentially expressed in response to all stresses, representing the sesame CARG. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis of the CARG revealed three functional modules controlled by key transcription factors. Except for salt stress, the modules were positively correlated with the abiotic stresses. Network topology of the modules showed several hub genes predicted to play prominent functions. As proof of concept, we generated over-expressing Arabidopsis lines with hub and non-hub genes. Transgenic plants performed better under drought, waterlogging, and osmotic stresses than the wild-type plants but did not tolerate the salt treatment. As expected, the hub gene was significantly more potent than the non-hub gene. Overall, we discovered several novel candidate genes, which will fuel investigations on plant responses to multiple abiotic stresses.

scholarly journals Structure and expression analysis of seven salt-related ERF genes of Populus

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10206
Author(s):  
Juanjuan Huang ◽  
Shengji Wang ◽  
Xingdou Wang ◽  
Yan Fan ◽  
Youzhi Han
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Go Annotation

Ethylene response factors (ERFs) are plant-specific transcription factors (TFs) that play important roles in plant growth and stress defense and have received a great amount of attention in recent years. In this study, seven ERF genes related to abiotic stress tolerance and response were identified in plants of the Populus genus. Systematic bioinformatics, including sequence phylogeny, genome organisation, gene structure, gene ontology (GO) annotation, etc. were detected. Expression-pattern of these seven ERF genes were analyzed using RT-qPCR and cross validated using RNA-Seq. Data from a phylogenetic tree and multiple alignment of protein sequences indicated that these seven ERF TFs belong to three subfamilies and contain AP2, YRG, and RAYD conserved domains, which may interact with downstream target genes to regulate the plant stress response. An analysis of the structure and promoter region of these seven ERF genes showed that they have multiple stress-related motifs and cis-elements, which may play roles in the plant stress-tolerance process through a transcriptional regulation mechanism; moreover, the cellular_component and molecular_function terms associated with these ERFs determined by GO annotation supported this hypothesis. In addition, the spatio-temporal expression pattern of these seven ERFs, as detected using RT-qPCR and RNA-seq, suggested that they play a critical role in mediating the salt response and tolerance in a dynamic and tissue-specific manner. The results of this study provide a solid basis to explore the functions of the stress-related ERF TFs in Populus abiotic stress tolerance and development process.

scholarly journals Recognition of microbe/damage-associated molecular patterns by leucine-rich repeat pattern recognition receptor kinases confers salt tolerance in plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Saijo ◽  
Eliza Loo ◽  
Yuri Tajima ◽  
Kohji Yamada ◽  
Shota Kido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Leucine Rich Repeat ◽  
Cross Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Patterns ◽  
Damage Associated Molecular Patterns

In plants, a first layer of inducible immunity is conferred by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that bind microbe- and damage-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs/DAMPs, respectively) to activate pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). PTI is strengthened or followed by another potent form of immunity when intracellular receptors recognize pathogen effectors, termed effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Immunity signaling regulators have been reported to influence abiotic stress responses as well, yet the governing principles and mechanisms remain ambiguous. Here, we report that PRRs of a leucine-rich repeat ectodomain also confer salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana, following recognition of cognate ligands, such as bacterial flagellin (flg22 epitope) and EF-Tu (elf18 epitope), and the endogenous Pep peptides. Pattern-triggered salt tolerance (PTST) requires authentic PTI signaling components, namely the PRR-associated kinases BAK1 and BIK1, and the NADPH oxidase RBOHD. Exposure to salt stress induces the release of Pep precursors, pointing to the involvement of the endogenous immunogenic peptides in developing plant tolerance to high salinity. Transcriptome profiling reveals an inventory of PTST target genes, which increase or acquire salt responsiveness following a pre-exposure to immunogenic patterns. In good accordance, plants challenged with non-pathogenic bacteria also acquired salt tolerance in a manner dependent on PRRs. Our findings provide insight into signaling plasticity underlying biotic-abiotic stress cross-tolerance in plants conferred by PRRs.

scholarly journals The RNA-seq transcriptomic analysis reveals genes mediating salt tolerance through rapid triggering of ion transporters in a mutant barley

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sareh Yousefirad ◽  
Hassan Soltanloo ◽  
Sayad Sanaz Ramezanpour ◽  
Khalil Zaynalinezhad ◽  
Vahid Shariati
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Ion Transporters ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Mutant Genotype ◽  
In The Wild

Abstract Regarding the complexity of the mechanisms of salinity tolerance, the use of isogenic lines or mutants that have the same genetic background but show different tolerance to salinity is a suitable method to reduce the analytical complexity to study these mechanisms. In the current study, whole transcriptome analysis was evaluated using RNA-seq method between a salt-tolerant mutant line “73-M4-30” and its wild-type “Zarjou” cultivar at a seedling stage after six hours of exposure to salt stress (300 mM NaCl). Transcriptome sequencing yielded 20 million reads for each genotype. A total number of 7116 transcripts with differential expression were identified, 1586 and 1479 of which were obtained with significantly increased expression in the mutant and the wild-type, respectively. In addition, the families of WRKY, ERF, AP2/EREBP, NAC, CTR/DRE, AP2/ERF, MAD, MIKC, HSF, and bZIP were identified as the important transcription factors with specific expression in the mutant genotype. The RNA-seq results were confirmed in several time points using qRT-PCR of some important salt-responsive genes. In general, the results revealed that the mutant compared to its wild-type via fast stomach closure and consequently transpiration reduction under the salt stress, saved more sodium ion in the root and decreased its transfer to the shoot, and increased the amount of potassium ion leading to the maintenance a high ratio [K+]/­[Na+] in the shoot. Moreover, it caused a reduction in photosynthesis and respiration, resulting in the use of the stored energy and the carbon for maintaining the plant tissues, which is a mechanism of salt tolerance in plants. Up-regulation of catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase genes, which was probably due to the more accumulation of H2O2 in the wild-type compared to the mutant. Therefore, the wild-type initiated rapid ROS signals lead to less oxidative scavenging than the mutant. The mutant increased expression in the ion transporters and the channels related to the salinity to retain the ion homeostasis. Totally, the results demonstrated that the mutant responded better to the salt stress under both the osmotic and the ionic stress phases. Less damage was observed in the mutant compared to its wild-type under the salt stress.

scholarly journals Mining Fiskeby III and Mandarin (Ottawa) Expression Profiles to Understand Iron Stress Tolerant Responses in Soybean

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (20) ◽  
pp. 11032
Author(s):  
Jamie A. O’Rourke ◽  
Michael J. Morrisey ◽  
Ryan Merry ◽  
Mary Jane Espina ◽  
Aaron J. Lorenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Iron Stress ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing

The soybean (Glycine max L. merr) genotype Fiskeby III is highly resistant to a multitude of abiotic stresses, including iron deficiency, incurring only mild yield loss during stress conditions. Conversely, Mandarin (Ottawa) is highly susceptible to disease and suffers severe phenotypic damage and yield loss when exposed to abiotic stresses such as iron deficiency, a major challenge to soybean production in the northern Midwestern United States. Using RNA-seq, we characterize the transcriptional response to iron deficiency in both Fiskeby III and Mandarin (Ottawa) to better understand abiotic stress tolerance. Previous work by our group identified a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 5 associated with Fiskeby III iron efficiency, indicating Fiskeby III utilizes iron deficiency stress mechanisms not previously characterized in soybean. We targeted 10 of the potential candidate genes in the Williams 82 genome sequence associated with the QTL using virus-induced gene silencing. Coupling virus-induced gene silencing with RNA-seq, we identified a single high priority candidate gene with a significant impact on iron deficiency response pathways. Characterization of the Fiskeby III responses to iron stress and the genes underlying the chromosome 5 QTL provides novel targets for improved abiotic stress tolerance in soybean.

scholarly journals OXS2 is Required for Salt Tolerance Mainly through Associating with Salt Inducible Genes, CA1 and Araport11, in Arabidopsis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Jing ◽  
Lin Shi ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Han Zheng ◽  
Jianwei Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Functional Screening ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Inducible Genes ◽  
Chip Analysis

AbstractSalt stress is one of the abiotic stresses affecting crop growth and yield. The functional screening and mechanism investigation of the genes in response to salt stress are essential for the development of salt-tolerant crops. Here, we found that OXIDATIVE STRESS 2 (OXS2) was a salinity-induced gene, and the mutant oxs2-1 was hypersensitive to salt stress during seed germination and root elongation processes. In the absence of stress, OXS2 was predominantly localized in the cytoplasm; when the plants were treated with salt, OXS2 entered the nuclear. Further RNA-seq analysis and qPCR identification showed that, in the presence of salt stress, a large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were activated, which contain BOXS2 motifs previously identified as the binding element for AtOXS2. Further ChIP analysis revealed that, under salt stress, OXS2 associated with CA1 and Araport11 directly through binding the BOXS2 containing fragments in the promoter regions. In conclusion, our results indicate that OXS2 is required for salt tolerance in Arabidopsis mainly through associating with the downstream CA1 and Araport11 directly.

scholarly journals Transcription factors involved in abiotic stress responses in maize (Zea mays L.) and their roles in enhanced productivity in the post genomics era

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Njoroge Kimotho ◽  
Elamin Hafiz Baillo ◽  
Zhengbin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Specific Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factor Genes

Background: Maize (Zea mays L.) is a principal cereal crop cultivated worldwide for human food, animal feed, and more recently as a source of biofuel. However, as a direct consequence of water insufficiency and climate change, frequent occurrences of both biotic and abiotic stresses have been reported in different regions around the world, and recently, this has become a major threat in increasing global maize yields. Plants respond to abiotic stresses by utilizing the activity of transcription factors, which are families of genes coding for specific transcription factor proteins whose target genes form a regulon which is involved in the repression/ activation of genes associated with abiotic stress responses. Therefore, it is of uttermost importance to have a systematic study on each family of the transcription factors, the downstream target genes they regulate, and the specific transcription factor genes which are involved in multiple abiotic stress responses in maize and other main crops. Method: In this review, the main transcription factor families, the specific transcription factor genes and their regulons which are involved in abiotic stress regulation will be momentarily discussed. Great emphasis will be given on maize abiotic stress improvement throughout this review, although other examples from other plants like rice, Arabidopsis, wheat, and barley will be used. Results: We have described in detail the main transcription factor families in maize which take part in abiotic stress responses together with their regulons. Furthermore, we have also briefly described the utilization of high-efficiency technologies in the study and characterization of TFs involved in the abiotic stress regulatory networks in plants with an emphasis on increasing maize production. Examples of these technologies include next-generation sequencing, microarray analysis, machine learning and RNA-Seq technology. Conclusion: In conclusion, it is hoped that all the information provided in this review may in time contribute to the use of TF genes in the research, breeding, and development of new abiotic stress tolerant maize cultivars.

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