scholarly journals A Central Limit Theorem for Punctuated Equilibrium

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Bartoszek
Keyword(s):  
Central Limit Theorem ◽  
Limit Theorem ◽  
Weak Convergence ◽  
Central Limit ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Punctuated Equilibrium ◽  
Subject Classification ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Ams Subject Classification

AbstractCurrent evolutionary biology models usually assume that a phenotype undergoes gradual change. This is in stark contrast to biological intuition, which indicates that change can also be punctuated-the phenotype can jump. Such a jump can especially occur at speciation, i.e. dramatic change occurs that drives the species apart. Here we derive a Central Limit Theorem for punctuated equilibrium. We show that, if adaptation is fast, for weak convergence to hold, dramatic change has to be a rare event.AMS subject classification: 60F05, 60J70, 60J85, 62P10, 92B99

An almost everywhere central limit theorem

1988 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar A. Brosamler
Keyword(s):  
Central Limit Theorem ◽  
Limit Theorem ◽  
Weak Convergence ◽  
Central Limit ◽  
Finite Measure ◽  
Standard Normal Distribution ◽  
Almost Everywhere ◽  
Real Functions ◽  
Standard Normal ◽  
Image Position

The purpose of this paper is the proof of an almost everywhere version of the classical central limit theorem (CLT). As is well known, the latter states that for IID random variables Y1, Y2, … on a probability space (Ω, , P) with we have weak convergence of the distributions of to the standard normal distribution on ℝ. We recall that weak convergence of finite measures μn on a metric space S to a finite measure μ on S is defined to mean thatfor all bounded, continuous real functions on S. Equivalently, one may require the validity of (1·1) only for bounded, uniformly continuous real functions, or even for all bounded measurable real functions which are μ-a.e. continuous.

THE FUNCTIONAL CENTRAL LIMIT THEOREM AND WEAK CONVERGENCE TO STOCHASTIC INTEGRALS I

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 621-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. de Jong ◽  
James Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Central Limit Theorem ◽  
Limit Theorem ◽  
Weak Convergence ◽  
Central Limit ◽  
Unit Root ◽  
Functional Central Limit Theorem ◽  
Stochastic Integrals ◽  
Mixing Processes ◽  
Unit Root Testing ◽  
Functional Central Limit

This paper gives new conditions for the functional central limit theorem, and weak convergence of stochastic integrals, for near-epoch-dependent functions of mixing processes. These results have fundamental applications in the theory of unit root testing and cointegrating regressions. The conditions given improve on existing results in the literature in terms of the amount of dependence and heterogeneity permitted, and in particular, these appear to be the first such theorems in which virtually the same assumptions are sufficient for both modes of convergence.

scholarly journals Weak Convergence Limits for Sojourn Times in Cyclic Queues Under Heavy Traffic Conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Daduna ◽  
Christian Malchin ◽  
Ryszard Szekli
Keyword(s):  
Central Limit Theorem ◽  
Limit Theorem ◽  
Weak Convergence ◽  
Central Limit ◽  
Cycle Time ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Sojourn Times ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Heavy Traffic Conditions

We consider sequences of closed cycles of exponential single-server nodes with a single bottleneck. We study the cycle time and the successive sojourn times of a customer when the population sizes go to infinity. Starting from old results on the mean cycle times under heavy traffic conditions, we prove a central limit theorem for the cycle time distribution. This result is then utilised to prove a weak convergence characteristic of the vector of a customer's successive sojourn times during a cycle for a sequence of networks with population sizes going to infinity. The limiting picture is a composition of a central limit theorem for the bottleneck node and an exponential limit for the unscaled sequences of sojourn times for the nonbottleneck nodes.

Weak Convergence

2021 ◽  
pp. 638-667
Author(s):  
James Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Central Limit Theorem ◽  
Limit Theorem ◽  
Weak Convergence ◽  
Central Limit ◽  
Representation Theorem ◽  
Metric Spaces ◽  
Continuous Functions ◽  
Probability Measures ◽  
Functional Central Limit ◽  
Spaces Of Measures

This chapter reviews the theory of weak convergence in metric spaces. Topics include Skorokhod’s representation theorem, the metrization of spaces of measures, and the concept of tightness of probability measures. The key relation is shown between weak convergence and uniform tightness. Considering the space C of continuous functions in particular, the functional central limit theorem is proved for martingales, together with extensions to the multivariate case.

THE FUNCTIONAL CENTRAL LIMIT THEOREM AND WEAK CONVERGENCE TO STOCHASTIC INTEGRALS II

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 643-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Davidson ◽  
Robert M. de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Central Limit Theorem ◽  
Limit Theorem ◽  
Weak Convergence ◽  
Central Limit ◽  
Functional Central Limit Theorem ◽  
Partial Sums ◽  
Stochastic Integrals ◽  
Mixing Processes ◽  
Convergence Results ◽  
Functional Central Limit

This paper derives a functional central limit theorem for the partial sums of fractionally integrated processes, otherwise known as I(d) processes for |d| < 1/2. Such processes have long memory, and the limit distribution is the so-called fractional Brownian motion, having correlated increments even asymptotically. The underlying shock variables may themselves exhibit quite general weak dependence by being near-epoch-dependent functions of mixing processes. Several weak convergence results for stochastic integrals having fractional integrands and weakly dependent integrators are also obtained. Taken together, these results permit I(p + d) integrands for any integer p ≥ 1.

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