scholarly journals Physiological reason for ceasing growth of unfertilized eggs produced by unmated queens in the subterranean termite Reticulitermes chinensis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganghua Li ◽  
Long Liu ◽  
Pengdong Sun ◽  
Yao Wu ◽  
Chaoliang Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Subterranean Termite ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Reproductive Genes ◽  
Embryonic Growth ◽  
Physiological Indices ◽  
Queen Succession ◽  
Physiological Differences ◽  
Ca Protein

AbstractIn Reticulitermes chinensis, a close relative of R. speratus with asexual queen succession, unfertilized eggs can be produced but are not incubated. To explain this phenomenon, we analysed the physiological differences between unfertilized eggs/unmated queens and fertilized eggs/mated queens. Fertilized eggs consumed significantly larger quantities of five amino acids (Cys, Met, Ile, Leu and Tyr), Ca, protein and cholesterol during incubation. The higher levels of four trace elements (Na, K, Zn and Fe) in fertilized eggs and their lower levels in mated queens indicated that mated queens might transfer these trace elements to fertilized eggs to complete incubation. The higher levels of Mn, triglycerides and serotonin in mated queens and higher levels of Mn and glucose in fertilized eggs suggested that these substances are very important for normal ovarian and embryonic growth. The different expression of three reproductive genes (vtgl, rabil and JHE1) suggested that they might be involved in the regulation of ovarian and embryonic growth. Overall, changes in these physiological indices may substantially affect ovarian and embryonic growth and prohibit the incubation of unfertilized eggs in R. chinensis.

scholarly journals Decrease of Cu and Fe concentrations from broiler droppings using dietary organometallic compounds

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 759-768
Author(s):  
A.E. Untea ◽  
M. Olteanu ◽  
I. Maros ◽  
R.D. Criste
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Organometallic Compounds ◽  
Toxic Element ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Total Replacement

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the partial or total replacement of the inorganic Cu and Fe salts by organic forms of these elements on broiler performance and on the elimination of minerals through broiler droppings. A study was conducted for 42 days on 240 broiler chicks treated with trace elements chelates with amino acids: B-TRAXIMRTEC Cu-I30; BTRAXIMRTEC Fe-120. The broiler chicks were housed in cages (10 chicks per cage, 6 cages per group) and assigned to 4 groups (C, E1, E3 and E3) fed on the same corn-soybean meal-based diet. Phased-feeding was used according to the developmental stages of the broilers (starter, grower and finisher). Feed intake and the amount of droppings were recorded daily. The daily records of droppings and their chemical analysis was used to determine the trace elements load of the droppings. The total or partial replacement of the inorganic Cu and Fe salts by chelates of these minerals with amino acids in broiler diets didn?t affect broiler performance. The inclusion of Cu chelates in broiler diets at the level recommended by the manufacturer of by NRC decreased by at least 34% the level of Cu (environmentally toxic element) in the droppings. The corresponding decrease was of 5-21% for Fe.

Selenium Mitigates Cadmium-Induced Adverse Effects on Trace Elements and Amino Acids Profiles in Chicken Pectoral Muscles

2019 ◽  
Vol 193 (1) ◽  
pp. 234-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kui-Chao Qu ◽  
Hui-Qin Li ◽  
Kou-Kou Tang ◽  
Zhen-Yong Wang ◽  
Rui-Feng Fan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Adverse Effects

scholarly journals Free and bound amino acids, minerals and trace elements in matcha (Camellia sinensis L.): A nutritional evaluation

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 103581
Author(s):  
Tereza Koláčková ◽  
Daniela Sumczynski ◽  
Ludmila Zálešáková ◽  
Lenka Šenkárová ◽  
Jana Orsavová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Nutritional Evaluation ◽  
Minerals And Trace Elements

scholarly journals A comparative study of application of multifunctional fertilizers based on amino acids and trace elements for winter wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00251
Author(s):  
Olga Shapowal ◽  
Irina Mozharova
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Nizhny Novgorod Region

The study of different complexes of new and innovative forms of fertilizers with the same ratio of trace elements applied in Nizhny Novgorod region in 2018 showed that the greatest grain yield increase to 0.45 and 0.435 t/ha or 7.8 and 7.4 % was obtained using trace elements and amino acids in doses of 1.5 and 3.0 l/ha. Similar results were observed when using amino acids in a dose of 2.0 l/ha. The yield Increase was 0.44 t/ha compared to the control one of 2.59 t/ha. In Ryazan region, the maximum yield was obtained using amino acids in a dose 1.0 l/ha; the yield increase was 1.4 t/ha or 28.6 %, while the control yield was 4.9 t/ha. Amino acid with microelements in a dose of 1.5 and 3.0 l/ha gave the high yield; the yield increase was 1 t/ha (20.4 %).

scholarly journals Asexual queen succession in the subterranean termite Reticulitermes virginicus

2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1729) ◽  
pp. 813-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward L. Vargo ◽  
Paul E. Labadie ◽  
Kenji Matsuura
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Subterranean Termite ◽  
Subterranean Termites ◽  
Termite Species ◽  
Japanese Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Reticulitermes Virginicus ◽  
Sexual And Asexual Reproduction ◽  
Queen Succession ◽  
Primary Reproductives

Termite colonies are founded by a pair of primary reproductives. In many species, including subterranean termites (family Rhinotermitidae), the primary king and queen can be succeeded by neotenic reproductives that are produced from workers or nymphs within the colony. It is generally believed that these neotenics inbreed within the colony, sometimes for many generations. Here, we show that primary queens of the North American subterranean termite, Reticulitermes virginicus , are replaced by numerous parthenogenetically produced female neotenics. We collected functional female neotenics from five colonies of R. virginicus in North Carolina and Texas, USA. Genetic analysis at eight microsatellite loci showed that 91–100% of the neotenics present within a colony were homozygous at all loci, indicating that they were produced through automictic parthenogenesis with terminal fusion. In contrast, workers, soldiers and alates were almost exclusively sexually produced by mating between the female neotenics and a single king. This is the second termite species shown to undergo asexual queen succession, a system first described in the Japanese species, Reticulitermes speratus . Thus, the conditional use of sexual and asexual reproduction to produce members of different castes may be widespread within Reticulitermes and possibly other subterranean termites.

INCORPORATION OF AMINO ACIDS INTO CHICK PROTEINS DURING EMBRYONIC GROWTH

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 1099-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret P. Taussig
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Proteolytic Activity ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Embryonic Growth

Radioactive glycine and methionine were injected into the yolk of 4-day-old embryonated eggs. There was a rapid increase in total incorporated radioactivity with both amino acids. The specific activity of the protein increased until the seventh day, after which time there was a sharp decrease. Radioactivity from DL-methionine-S35 was incorporated in larger amounts than from glycine-2-C14. An increase in the proteolytic activity of the yolk with age was demonstrated.

Comparison of urinary amino acids and trace elements (copper, zinc and manganese) of recent neurolathyrism patients and healthy controls from Ethiopia

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 397-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Haey Kuo ◽  
Barbara Defoort ◽  
Haileyesus Getahun ◽  
Redda Tekle Haimanot ◽  
Fernand Lambein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Urinary Amino Acids ◽  
Urinary Amino

Growth of Microorganisms in Total Nutrient Admixtures

1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 633-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl E. Rowe ◽  
Thomas T. Fukuyama ◽  
James T. Martinoff
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Fat Emulsion ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
All Solutions ◽  
Intravenous Fat Emulsions

It has been reported that intravenous fat emulsions, because of their isotonicity and neutral pH, support microbial growth, but traditional parenteral nutrition solutions, being hypertonic and more acidic, are not as supportive. To date, few studies have documented microbial growth in total nutrient admixtures (TNA) containing dextrose, amino acids, fat, electrolytes, vitamins, and trace elements. This study was undertaken to analyze the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and four gram-negative enteric bacilli in three different nutrient admixtures, with and without the inclusion of 5% fat emulsion. The composition of the admixtures was either 5, 10, or 25% dextrose; either 0 or 5% fat; and 3% amino acids, electrolytes, vitamins, and trace elements. All admixtures were innoculated with 100 colony-forming units per milliliter, incubated at room (25°C) or refrigerated (4°C) temperature, with samples withdrawn at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours and plated in triplicate. Only C. albicans demonstrated any significant growth regardless of fat content. The pH of the admixtures was similar (acidic), and all solutions were hypertonic and found to inhibit bacterial growth. Conclusions suggest that TNA, when formulated with normal concentrations of additives, is no more likely to support growth of contaminant organisms than the traditional solutions. This contradicts the notion that the addition of fat to total parenteral nutrition will enhance the ability of these admixtures to support microbial growth.

Primary structures of the alanine-rich antifreeze polypeptides from grubby sculpin, Myoxocephalus aenaeus

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avijit Chakrabartty ◽  
Choy L. Hew ◽  
Margaret Shears ◽  
Garth Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Reverse Phase ◽  
Reverse Phase Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Shorthorn Sculpin ◽  
Phase Liquid ◽  
Myoxocephalus Scorpius ◽  
Antifreeze Polypeptides

Antifreeze polypeptides (AFP) isolated from the plasma of the grubby sculpin (Myoxocephalus aenaeus)were compared with those of a close relative, the shorthorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius). Both species synthesize a family of AFP that are alanine rich and exist as amphiphilic α-helices. The grubby sculpin AFP could be resolved into five active components by reverse-phase liquid chromatography. The major (GS-5) and one of the minor (GS-8) components were sequenced. Grubby sculpin AFP GS-5 was 33 amino acids long. It was homologous to one of the minor shorthorn sculpin AFP (SS-3) in terms of its molecular size and amino acid sequence. The sequences of these two components differed by only four amino acids. The minor grubby sculpin AFP GS-8 was 40 amino acids long. It was shorter than the major shorthorn sculpin AFP (SS-8) by five amino acids. The sequence of the first 40 amino acids from SS-8 and GS-8 was essentially identical, differing by only 4 amino acids. Antibodies raised against SS-8 cross reacted with GS-8 but not with the shorter AFP (GS-5 and SS-3). The data suggest that the antibody was directed towards the unstructured N-terminal regions of SS-8 and GS-8. It would appear that shorthorn and grubby sculpins possess similar families of AFP genes and that the grubby sculpin preferentially expresses one gene product (GS-5) while the shorthorn sculpin expresses another, larger product (SS-8).

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