scholarly journals Detecting host-parasitoid interactions in an invasive Lepidopteran using nested tagging DNA-metabarcoding

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
James JN Kitson ◽  
Christoph Hahn ◽  
Richard J Sands ◽  
Nigel A Straw ◽  
Darren M Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Processionary Moth ◽  
Parasitism Rates ◽  
Dna Metabarcoding ◽  
Oak Processionary Moth ◽  
Identification Tags ◽  
The Uk

AbstractDetermining the host-parasitoid interactions and parasitism rates for invasive species entering novel environments is an important first step in assessing potential routes for biocontrol and integrated pest management. Conventional insect rearing techniques followed by taxonomic identification are widely used to obtain such data, but this can be time consuming and prone to biases. Here we present a Next Generation Sequencing approach for use in ecological studies which allows for individual level metadata tracking of large numbers of invertebrate samples through the use of hierarchically organised molecular identification tags. We demonstrate its utility using a sample data set examining both species identity and levels of parasitism in late larval stages of the Oak Processionary Moth (Thaumetopoea processionea - Linn. 1758), an invasive species recently established in the UK. Overall we find that there are two main species exploiting the late larval stages of Oak Processionary Moth in the UK with the main parasitoid (Carcelia iliaca-Ratzeburg, 1840) parasitising 45.7% of caterpillars, while a rare secondary parasitoid (Compsilura conccinata-Meigen, 1824) was also detected in 0.4% of caterpillars. Using this approach on all life stages of the Oak Processionary Moth may demonstrate additional parasitoid diversity. We discuss the wider potential of nested tagging DNA-metabarcoding for constructing large, highly-resolved species interaction networks.

scholarly journals Estimating expansion of the range of oak processionary moth ( Thaumetopoea processionea ) in the UK from 2006 to 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yevhen F. Suprunenko ◽  
Matthew D. Castle ◽  
Cerian R. Webb ◽  
Julia Branson ◽  
Andrew Hoppit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Processionary Moth ◽  
Thaumetopoea Processionea ◽  
Oak Processionary Moth ◽  
The Uk

Thaumetopoea processionea (oak processionary moth).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Beverley
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Thaumetopoea Pityocampa ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Processionary Moth ◽  
Thaumetopoea Processionea ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Oak Processionary Moth ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Almost All

Abstract T. processionea, commonly known as the oak processionary moth, is a major pest in many European countries and threatens the health of oak trees. The common and scientific names of T. processionea refer to the behaviour of the larvae to form long processions. The larvae cause severe defoliation, reducing the viability of oak trees. They also pose a risk to both human and animal health because they shed poisonous hairs, which can result in severe allergic reactions, amongst other health problems. The moth is native to central and southern Europe but is now present in almost all European countries and also in parts of the Middle East. EPPO issued a Pest Risk Analysis in 2007 for the UK in response to infestations of the species in Europe from 2006. At this time, infestations of the moth were observed on a range of oak (Quercus) species in London. The adult males are strong fliers and can fly long distances, such as from France to the UK (Evans, 2007). Host plants of this pest include many species of deciduous Quercus, and to a much lesser degree, Betula, Carpinus, Castanea, Corylus, Crataegus, Robinia and Fagus; plants commonly found in forests, woods or ornamental plantations in the UK, for example (Evans, 2007). Therefore, areas where these plants are present and offer a suitable climate for pest development are likely to be under threat from T. processionea. Various pines have been reported as hosts, but such records are suspect and are probably the result of confusion with the pine processionary (Thaumetopoea pityocampa).

The arrival of oak processionary moth, a novel cause of itchy dermatitis, in the UK: Experience, lessons and recommendations

Public Health ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 126 (9) ◽  
pp. 778-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Mindlin ◽  
O. le Polain de Waroux ◽  
S. Case ◽  
B. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Processionary Moth ◽  
Oak Processionary Moth ◽  
The Uk

Inference for epidemic models with time varying infection rates: tracking the dynamics of oak processionary moth in the UK

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E Wadkin ◽  
Julia Branson ◽  
Andrew Hoppit ◽  
Nick G Parker ◽  
Andrew Golightly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Infestation Rate ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Statistical Methodology ◽  
Processionary Moth ◽  
Partially Observed ◽  
Oak Processionary Moth ◽  
South East England ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
The Uk

Invasive pests pose a great threat to forest, woodland and urban tree ecosystems. The oak processionary moth (OPM) is a destructive pest of oak trees, first reported in the UK in 2006. Despite great efforts to contain the outbreak within the original infested area of South-East England, OPM continues to spread. Here we analyse data of the numbers of OPM nests removed each year from two parks in London between 2013 and 2020. Using a state-of-the-art Bayesian inference scheme we estimate the parameters for a stochastic compartmental SIR (susceptible, infested, removed) model with a time varying infestation rate to describe the spread of OPM. We find that the infestation rate and subsequent basic reproduction number have remained constant since 2013 (with R_0 between one and two). This shows further controls must be taken to reduce R_0 below one and stop the advance of OPM into other areas of England. Our findings demonstrate the applicability of the SIR model to describing OPM spread and show that further controls are needed to reduce the infestation rate. The proposed statistical methodology is a powerful tool to explore the nature of a time varying infestation rate, applicable to other partially observed time series epidemic data.spread and show that further controls are needed to reduce the infestation rate. The proposed statistical methodology is a powerful tool to explore the nature of a time varying infestation rate, applicable to other partially observed time series epidemic data.

Larval body size–mass relationships of barnacles common to the English Channel coast of the UK

2010 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Muxagata ◽  
J.A. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Carapace Width ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Larval Body ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Production Studies ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Zooplankton Production

The study presents dry mass and body measurements of the larval stages of five common barnacle species occurring in mesozooplankton catches of Southampton Water and the central Solent area of the south coast of the UK. Quantitative samples were collected with conventional 120-μm mesh plankton nets. Species-specific regression equations relating carapace width and total length with dry mass were obtained for stage II to stage VI nauplii and cyprids of Austrominius modestus, Amphibalanus improvisus, Balanus crenatus, Semibalanus balanoides and Verruca stroemia. Width–dry mass and length–dry mass regressions obtained in the present study accounted for more than 98% of the variability for naupliar stages, and length–dry mass for 80% of the variability for cyprids. The dry mass of barnacle larvae predicted from carapace width equations determined here differed by only –6% from the measured dry masses of an independent data set, suggesting these first-reported equations of barnacle larvae are useful additions to zooplankton production studies.

Tree species identity and forest composition affect the number of oak processionary moth captured in pheromone traps and the intensity of larval defoliation

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Damestoy ◽  
Hervé Jactel ◽  
Thierry Belouard ◽  
Hubert Schmuck ◽  
Christophe Plomion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Processionary Moth ◽  
Oak Processionary Moth

scholarly journals Growth and mortality of the oak processionary moth, Thaumetopoea processionea L., on two oak species: direct and trait-mediated effects of host and neighbour species identity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Damestoy ◽  
Xoaquín Moreira ◽  
Hervé Jactel ◽  
Elena Valdes-Correcher ◽  
Christophe Plomion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Processionary Moth ◽  
Thaumetopoea Processionea ◽  
Oak Processionary Moth ◽  
Bud Phenology

AbstractThe presence of heterospecific neighbours can affect damage caused by pest insects on focal plants. However, how plant neighbours influence herbivore performance is poorly understood. We tested the independent and interactive effects of tree species identity and tree neighbour type (conspecific vs. heterospecific) on the performance of a major oak pest, the oak processionary moth larvae (OPM, Thaumetopoea processionea) fed on Quercus robur and Q. petraea. We performed a factorial greenhouse experiment in which we grew two oak saplings per pot, either from the same species or from both species. We quantified growth and mortality of OPM larvae, leaf phenolic compounds, C:N ratio and bud phenology. OPM larvae performed significantly better on Q. petraea than on Q. robur, regardless of plant neighbour type. Phenolic compounds and C:N, but not phenology, differed between oak species and neighbour species identity. Only bud phenology had a significant effect on OPM performance, which was better when young larvae had access to recently unfolded leaves, regardless of oak species and neighbour identity. Although oak neighbour identity altered the expression of leaf traits, this effect had no measurable consequences on OPM performance. However, further studies should consider the effect of oak species neighbour on OPM preferences for either Q. robur or Q. petraea, in pure and mixed stands, before translating current results into recommendations for forest management.Author ContributionTD and BC conceived the study and acquired the data. TD performed experiment and analysed the data. EV, TD and XM performed the chemical analyses. TD and BC drafted the first version of the manuscript and all authors wrote the final version of the manuscript.TD, BC conceived and designed research. TD performed experiment and analysed data. EV, TD, XM performed the chemical analyses. TD, BC wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.AM and DB conceived and designed research. AM and BB conducted experiments. GR contributed new reagents or analytical tools. AM, BB and GR analysed data. AM wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

Childhood Intelligence Predicts Adult Trait Openness

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Furnham ◽  
Helen Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Data Set ◽  
National Child Development Study ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Uk

Abstract. This study used a longitudinal data set of 5,672 adults followed for 50 years to determine the factors that influence adult trait Openness-to-Experience. In a large, nationally representative sample in the UK (the National Child Development Study), data were collected at birth, in childhood (age 11), adolescence (age 16), and adulthood (ages 33, 42, and 50) to examine the effects of family social background, childhood intelligence, school motivation during adolescence, education, and occupation on the personality trait Openness assessed at age 50 years. Structural equation modeling showed that parental social status, childhood intelligence, school motivation, education, and occupation all had modest, but direct, effects on trait Openness, among which childhood intelligence was the strongest predictor. Gender was not significantly associated with trait Openness. Limitations and implications of the study are discussed.

scholarly journals Soil carbon and nutrient stocks under Scots pine plantations in comparison to European beech forests: a paired-plot study across forests with different management history and precipitation regimes

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Diers ◽  
Robert Weigel ◽  
Heike Culmsee ◽  
Christoph Leuschner
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Nutrient Pools ◽  
Total N ◽  
Precipitation Regimes ◽  
Pine Stands

Abstract Background Organic carbon stored in forest soils (SOC) represents an important element of the global C cycle. It is thought that the C storage capacity of the stable pool can be enhanced by increasing forest productivity, but empirical evidence in support of this assumption from forests differing in tree species and productivity, while stocking on similar substrate, is scarce. Methods We determined the stocks of SOC and macro-nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, potassium and magnesium) in nine paired European beech/Scots pine stands on similar Pleistocene sandy substrates across a precipitation gradient (560–820 mm∙yr− 1) in northern Germany and explored the influence of tree species, forest history, climate, and soil pH on SOC and nutrient pools. Results While the organic layer stored on average about 80% more C under pine than beech, the pools of SOC and total N in the total profile (organic layer plus mineral soil measured to 60 cm and extrapolated to 100 cm) were greater under pine by about 40% and 20%, respectively. This contrasts with a higher annual production of foliar litter and a much higher fine root biomass in beech stands, indicating that soil C sequestration is unrelated to the production of leaf litter and fine roots in these stands on Pleistocene sandy soils. The pools of available P and basic cations tended to be higher under beech. Neither precipitation nor temperature influenced the SOC pool, whereas tree species was a key driver. An extended data set (which included additional pine stands established more recently on former agricultural soil) revealed that, besides tree species identity, forest continuity is an important factor determining the SOC and nutrient pools of these stands. Conclusion We conclude that tree species identity can exert a considerable influence on the stocks of SOC and macronutrients, which may be unrelated to productivity but closely linked to species-specific forest management histories, thus masking weaker climate and soil chemistry effects on pool sizes.

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