scholarly journals SLTAB2 is the paramutated SULFUREA locus in tomato

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quentin Gouil ◽  
Ondřej Novák ◽  
David Baulcombe
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Photosystem I ◽  
Wild Type Allele ◽  
Small Interfering Rnas ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Arabidopsis Gene ◽  
Tomato Gene

The sulfurea (sulf) allele is a silent epigenetic variant of a tomato gene (Solanum lycopersicum) affecting pigment production. It is homozygous lethal but, in a heterozygote sulf /+, the wild type allele undergoes silencing so that the plants exhibit chlorotic sectors. This transfer of the silenced state between alleles resembles the process of paramutation that is best characterised in maize. To understand the mechanism of paramutation we mapped SULF to the ortholog SLTAB2 of an Arabidopsis gene that, consistent with the pigment deficiency, is involved in the translation of photosystem I. Paramutation of SLTAB2 is linked to an increase in DNA methylation and production of small interfering RNAs at its promoter. Virus-induced gene silencing of SLTAB2 phenocopies sulf consistent with the possibility that siRNAs mediate the paramutation of SULFUREA. Unlike the maize systems the paramutagenicity of sulf is not, however, associated with repeated sequences at the region of siRNA production or DNA methylation.

scholarly journals Tobacco rattle virus–induced gene silencing in Hevea brasiliensis

2021 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 562-567
Author(s):  
Hui-Liang Li ◽  
Dong Guo ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Jia-Hong Zhu ◽  
Long Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Tobacco Rattle Virus ◽  
Reverse Genetic ◽  
Small Interfering Rnas ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Efficient Gene ◽  
Unknown Gene

ABSTRACT Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a powerful gene-silencing tool that has been intensively applied in plants. To data, the application of VIGS in rubber tree has not yet been reported. In this study, we described the efficient gene silencing in rubber tree by VIGS. The gene encoding Hevea brasiliensis phytoene desaturase (HbPDS) was identified in rubber tree genome. Small interfering RNAs from HbPDS and the silencing gene fragment were predicted and a length of 399 bp was selected to be tested. We showed that the tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-VIGS could induce effective HbPDS silencing in rubber tree. This study was the first to report VIGS in rubber tree. The present TRV-VIGS method could be used to perform reverse genetic approaches to identify unknown gene functions and might be further applied to produce gene silenced rubber tree plants, to advance functional gene of rubber tree.

Virus induced gene silencing of three putative prolyl 4-hydroxylases enhances plant growth in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 459-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sotirios Fragkostefanakis ◽  
Khalid E. M. Sedeek ◽  
Maya Raad ◽  
Marwa Samir Zaki ◽  
Panagiotis Kalaitzis
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing

scholarly journals Association of Tissue-Specific DNA Methylation Alterations with α-Thalassemia Southeast Asian Deletion

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1179237X1773610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanapat Pangeson ◽  
Phanchana Sanguansermsri ◽  
Torpong Sanguansermsri ◽  
Teerapat Seeratanachot ◽  
Narutchala Suwanakhon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Methylation Level ◽  
Large Deletion ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Wild Type Allele ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Type Allele ◽  
Cpg Sites ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
Cell Free Fetal Dna

In the wild-type allele, DNA methylation levels of 10 consecutive CpG sites adjacent to the upstream 5′-breakpoint of α-thalassemia Southeast Asian (SEA) deletion are not different between placenta and leukocytes. However, no previous study has reported the map of DNA methylation in the SEA allele. This report aims to show that the SEA mutation is associated with DNA methylation changes, resulting in differential methylation between placenta and leukocytes. Methylation-sensitive high-resolution analysis was used to compare DNA methylation among placenta, leukocytes, and unmethylated control DNA. The result indicates that the DNA methylation between placenta and leukocyte DNA is different and shows that the CpG status of both is not fully unmethylated. Mapping of individual CpG sites was performed by targeted bisulfite sequencing. The DNA methylation level of the 10 consecutive CpG sites was different between placenta and leukocyte DNA. When the 10th CpG of the mutation allele was considered as a hallmark for comparing DNA methylation level, it was totally different from the unmethylated 10th CpG of the wild-type allele. Finally, the distinct DNA methylation patterns between both DNA were extracted. In total, 24 patterns were found in leukocyte samples and 9 patterns were found in placenta samples. This report shows that the large deletion is associated with DNA methylation change. In further studies for clinical application, the distinct DNA methylation pattern might be a potential marker for detecting cell-free fetal DNA.

scholarly journals Epigenetic transitions leading to heritable, RNA-mediated de novo silencing in Arabidopsis thaliana

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 917-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna M. Bond ◽  
David C. Baulcombe
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Epigenetic Silencing ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Epigenetic Modifiers ◽  
Rna Polymerase Iv ◽  
Genetic Mutants

In plants, RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM), a mechanism where epigenetic modifiers are guided to target loci by small RNAs, plays a major role in silencing of transposable elements (TEs) to maintain genome integrity. So far, two RdDM pathways have been identified: RNA Polymerase IV (PolIV)-RdDM and RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase 6 (RDR6)-RdDM. PolIV-RdDM involves a self-reinforcing feedback mechanism that maintains TE silencing, but cannot explain how epigenetic silencing is first initiated. A function of RDR6-RdDM is to reestablish epigenetic silencing of active TEs, but it is unknown if this pathway can induce DNA methylation at naïve, non-TE loci. To investigate de novo establishment of RdDM, we have used virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of an active FLOWERING WAGENINGEN epiallele. Using genetic mutants we show that unlike PolIV-RdDM, but like RDR6-RdDM, establishment of VIGS-mediated RdDM requires PolV and DRM2 but not Dicer like-3 and other PolIV pathway components. DNA methylation in VIGS is likely initiated by a process guided by virus-derived small (s) RNAs that are 21/22-nt in length and reinforced or maintained by 24-nt sRNAs. We demonstrate that VIGS-RdDM as a tool for gene silencing can be enhanced by use of mutant plants with increased production of 24-nt sRNAs to reinforce the level of RdDM.

Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) for functional analysis of MYB80 gene involved in Solanum lycopersicum cold tolerance

PROTOPLASMA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 256 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuhua Chen ◽  
Xuefen Duan ◽  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Weiyuan Wu ◽  
Xichun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing

scholarly journals Overview and Applications of RNA Silencing in Fruit Crops

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok Chhetri ◽  
B. N. Hazarika ◽  
Thejangulie Angami ◽  
H. Lembisana Devi ◽  
Lalhmingsanga . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Rna Silencing ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Its Sequencing ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Scientific World

RNA silencing has recently gain momentum in the scientific world mainly due to its sequencing-specific gene inactivation that is conserved in among various organism including animals and plants. In fruit crops, various mechanism such as virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), DNA methylation, Ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) and Anti-sense mediated gene silencing has been reported. These epigenetic regulatory mechanisms are highly useful in fruit crops as it suppresses or silences gene responsible for undesirable morpho-agronomic characters.

scholarly journals Tobacco rattle virus -induced gene silencing in Hevea brasiliensis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Liang Li ◽  
Dong Guo ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Jia-Hong Zhu ◽  
Long Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Tobacco Rattle Virus ◽  
Functional Gene ◽  
Small Interfering Rnas ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Rubber Biosynthesis ◽  
Natural Rubber Biosynthesis ◽  
First Time

Abstract BackgroundSince it is very difficult to obtain gene knockouts in rubber tree (Hevea Brasiliensis) due to low genetic transformation efficiency. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a powerful gene silencing tool that has been intensively applied in plant. Up to now, the application of VIGS in rubber tree has not yet been reported.ResultsHevea brasiliensis phytoene desaturase (HbPDS) was identified in H. brasiliensis genome. The prediction of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) from HbPDS and the silencing gene fragment (SGF) were predicted and a length of 409 bp SGF was chosen to be tested. We show that the tobacco rattle virus (TRV) -VIGS is able to induce effective HbPDS silencing in rubber tree. The TRV-VIGS system has the potential for functional gene studies in rubber tree.ConclusionsThis is the first time to report VIGS in rubber tree. The present TRV-VIGS method could be further applied to produce gene silenced rubber tree plants, to advance functional gene of rubber tree. The applied TRV-VIGS method will achieve deeper underground into the natural rubber biosynthesis and regulation in this important rubber-producing plant.

scholarly journals Application of Virus-Derived Small Interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) in Rice Viruses with Insect Vectors, Especially Rice Grassy Stunt Virus

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arif ◽  
Saif Ul Islam ◽  
Muhammad Adnan ◽  
Muhammad Anwar ◽  
Zujian Wu
Keyword(s):  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Rna Silencing ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Small Interfering Rnas ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Rice Grassy Stunt Virus ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Rnai Technique ◽  
Rice Viruses

Rice grassy stunt virus (RGSV) a member of Tenuivirus family, is very potent and destructive which effects rice crop in many countries, particularly China. Non coding RNAs have important functions in development and epigenetic regulation of gene expression in numerous organsisms. There is three type of small non coding RNAs have been found in eukaryotes, which are small interferring RNAs (siRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs) and piwi interacting RNAs (piRNAs). Small RNAs (sRNAs) origination is from the infecting virus which is known as virus-derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs), has responsibility for RNA silencing in plants. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is mainly dependent on RNA silencing (RNAi). Interestingly, RNA silencing happens in plants during viral infections. RNAi technique showed significant results in Nephotettix cincticeps. RNAi technique demonstrated the gene silencing of planthopper Nilaparvata lugens. The proteins P5, pcf4, Dnj, psn5, and pn6 act as potential movement proteins and serve as silencing suppressors for RGSV. VsiRNAs originate from dsRNA molecules which require Dicer-like (DCL) proteins, RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) proteins, and Argonaute (AGO) proteins. RdRP uses ssRNA for perfect RNA amplification process and can also be used for DCL dependent secondary vsiRNA formation. VSRs interfere with the movement of signals during silencing mechanism. Moreover, intercellular movement of viruses is facilitated by virus-encoded movement protein. RNAi is found in many eukaryotes which are related to transcriptional or post-transcriptional regulation by gene suppression. Transcription is bidirectional in ssDNA viruses which are originated from dsRNA molecules. In this review, we highlighted the biology of Rice grassy stunt virus and its insect vector and its silencing suppressors. This work will be helpful for plant virologists to understand the whole biogenesis mechanism for rice viruses especially RGSV.

scholarly journals Transcription Factor GarWRKY5 Is Involved in Salt Stress Response in Diploid Cotton Species (Gossypium aridum L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 5244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Guo ◽  
Liang Zhao ◽  
Xinqi Fan ◽  
Peng Xu ◽  
Zhenzhen Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance ◽  
Salt Stress Response

Cotton is one of the most economically important crops in the world, and it is exposed to various abiotic stresses during its lifecycle, especially salt stress. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying cotton tolerance to salt stress are still not fully understood due to the complex nature of salt response. Therefore, identification of salt stress tolerance-related functional genes will help us understand key components involved in stress response and provide valuable genes for improving salt stress tolerance via genetic engineering in cotton. In the present study, virus-induced gene silencing of GhWRKY5 in cotton showed enhanced salt sensitivity compared to wild-type plants under salt stress. Overexpression of GarWRKY5 in Arabidopsis positively regulated salt tolerance at the stages of seed germination and vegetative growth. Additionally, GarWRKY5-overexpressing plants exhibited higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) under salt stress. The transcriptome sequencing analysis of transgenic Arabidopsis plants and wild-type plants revealed that there was enriched coexpression of genes involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging (including glutamine S-transferases (GSTs) and SODs) and altered response to jasmonic acid and salicylic acid in the GarWRKY5-OE lines. GarWRKY5 is involved in salt stress response by the jasmonic acid- or salicylic acid-mediated signaling pathway based on overexpression of GarWRKY5 in Arabidopsis and virus-induced gene silencing of GarWRKY5 in cotton.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document