scholarly journals Sex and Ageing: The Role of Sexual Recombination in Longevity

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip Robert Smith
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Complex Species ◽  
Early Maturation ◽  
Sexual Recombination ◽  
Recombination Class ◽  
Genome Space ◽  
Rule Systems ◽  
Class Iv

I use a set of machines based on the concept of nested rule systems built on the a modified version of the Wolfram elemental cellular automata to investigate the role of recombination in providing resistance to ageing. Class III and class IV machines are observed to respond differently to recombination. Class IV machines show recombinational centring in their neutral networks whereas class III machines respond negatively to recombination. Rule 110 shows a unusual response to recombination. Recombination selects for resistance to recombination, the population moves to regions of genome space with high redundancy, this results in organisms with highly robust genomes, more likely to complete development and to be long lived. The increase in longevity may be sufficient to compensate for the costs of sex, including the two fold cost of sex, through increased reproductive potential in long lived organisms requiring long maturation times. Large complex species should therefore be resistant to invasion by asexual mutants whereas small simple organisms with early maturation should be vulnerable to invasion by asexual forms.

scholarly journals Role of subcutaneous drain in class III and class IV laparotomy wound

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1495
Author(s):  
Pranav R. Patel ◽  
Himanshu B. Koyani
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
General Surgery ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
P Value ◽  
Emergency Laparotomy ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Laparotomy Wound ◽  
Class Iv

Background: Surgical site infections (SSI) are major problem in general surgery. Aim of this study is to know the role of subcutaneous conrrugated drain in class III and IV laparotomy wounds.Methods: Comparative study was done in 100 patients of emergency laparotomy in civil hospital, Gandhinagar from January 2014 to December 2016.Results: Incidence of surgical site infections were significantly lower (16%) in patients with subcutaneous drain, compared to 40% in patients without drain (p value 0.01).Conclusions: Corrugated subcutaneous drain is cost effective way of reducing surgical site infections and subsequent morbidities in class III and IV laparotomy wound.

scholarly journals Infection Prevention Time Required for Construction and Design at a Large Tertiary-Care Hospital, 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s69-s70
Author(s):  
Angie Dains ◽  
Michael Edmond ◽  
Daniel Diekema ◽  
Stephanie Holley ◽  
Oluchi Abosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Class Iv

Background: Including infection preventionists (IPs) in hospital design, construction, and renovation projects is important. According to the Joint Commission, “Infection control oversights during building design or renovations commonly result in regulatory problems, millions lost and even patient deaths.” We evaluated the number of active major construction projects at our 800-bed hospital with 6.0 IP FTEs and the IP time required for oversight. Methods: We reviewed construction records from October 2018 through October 2019. We classified projects as active if any construction occurred during the study period. We describe the types of projects: inpatient, outpatient, non–patient care, and the potential impact to patient health through infection control risk assessments (ICRA). ICRAs were classified as class I (non–patient-care area and minimal construction activity), class II (patients are not likely to be in the area and work is small scale), class III (patient care area and work requires demolition that generates dust), and class IV (any area requiring environmental precautions). We calculated the time spent visiting construction sites and in design meetings. Results: During October 2018–October 2019, there were 51 active construction projects with an average of 15 active sites per week. These sites included a wide range of projects from a new bone marrow transplant unit, labor and delivery expansion and renovation, space conversion to an inpatient unit to a project for multiple air handler replacements. All 51 projects were classified as class III or class IV. We visited, on average, 4 construction sites each week for 30 minutes per site, leaving 11 sites unobserved due to time constraints. We spent an average of 120 minutes weekly, but 450 minutes would have been required to observe all 15 sites. Yearly, the required hours to observe these active construction sites once weekly would be 390 hours. In addition to the observational hours, 124 hours were spent in design meetings alone, not considering the preparation time and follow-up required for these meetings. Conclusions: In a large academic medical center, IPs had time available to visit only a quarter of active projects on an ongoing basis. Increasing dedicated IP time in construction projects is essential to mitigating infection control risks in large hospitals.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

Eukaryotic transcription termination factor La mediates transcript release and facilitates reinitiation by RNA polymerase III

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 2147-2158
Author(s):  
R J Maraia ◽  
D J Kenan ◽  
J D Keene
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Transcription Termination ◽  
Rna Polymerase Iii ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Polymerase Iii ◽  
Transcription Complexes ◽  
Pol Iii

Ample evidence indicates that Alu family interspersed elements retrotranspose via primary transcripts synthesized by RNA polymerase III (pol III) and that this transposition sometimes results in genetic disorders in humans. However, Alu primary transcripts can be processed posttranscriptionally, diverting them away from the transposition pathway. The pol III termination signal of a well-characterized murine B1 (Alu-equivalent) element inhibits RNA 3' processing, thereby stabilizing the putative transposition intermediary. We used an immobilized template-based assay to examine transcription termination by VA1, 7SL, and Alu class III templates and the role of transcript release in the pol III terminator-dependent inhibition of processing of B1-Alu transcripts. We found that the RNA-binding protein La confers this terminator-dependent 3' processing inhibition on transcripts released from the B1-Alu template. Using pure recombinant La protein and affinity-purified transcription complexes, we also demonstrate that La facilitates multiple rounds of transcription reinitiation by pol III. These results illustrate an important role for La in RNA production by demonstrating its ability to clear the termination sites of class III templates, thereby promoting efficient use of transcription complexes by pol III. The role of La as a potential regulatory factor in transcript maturation and how this might apply to Alu interspersed elements is discussed.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS ON THE PATTERN OF USING THE SERVICE OF REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURE MAKING IN A DENTAL LABORATORY IN SURABAYA

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 270
Author(s):  
Okti Setyowati ◽  
Endang Kusdarjanti
Keyword(s):  
Dental Health ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Removable Partial Denture ◽  
Partial Denture ◽  
Metal Framework ◽  
Removable Denture ◽  
Class Iv

The making of removable denture is performed by a dental laboratory. To facilitate the identification, according to Kennedy classification, classes are divided onto groups, the Kennedy class I, II, III and IV. To suit with the needs of the dental laboratory tasks commonly done, priority are necessary for common cases and should to be taught to students of Dental Health Technology Diploma. In Surabaya, research of various cases of removable partial denture with the various Kennedy classifications has never been done before. This study was to analyze the pattern of service for the removable partial denture manufacture in dental laboratory at Surabaya (2011 – 2013). The research is an observatory analytic. The population is all dental laboratories located around the campus of the Faculty of Dentistry Airlangga University Surabaya. The sample was the whole population is willing to become respondents. Sampling by total sampling. The method of collecting data using secondary data from a dental laboratory in Surabaya from 2011 until 2013. The note is cases removable denture according to the classification of Kennedy that Kennedy Class I, II, III and IV. Also of note kinds of materials used to make the denture base that is heat cured acrylic resins, thermoplastic resins and metals coherent. The data is a compilation table charting the frequency until needed, then analyzed using cross tabulation. Mostly denture type is flexible type and the least is metal framework. Most cases by classification Kennedy is followed by class II class III and class II and more recently is the fourth. In conclusion, in 2011 and 2013 the manufacture of removable partial dentures according to the classification of Kennedy Class III is the most common in both the upper arch and lower jaw, followed by Class II, Class I and Class IV. In 2012 which is the highest grade III followed by class II, class IV and class I. The denture type most used is a flexible denture, followed acrylic denture and the last is the metal framework.

scholarly journals Experience of post-infarction left ventricular aneurysm reconstruction with on-pump beating heart technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 500-504
Author(s):  
D G Tarasov ◽  
I I Chernov ◽  
A V Molochkov ◽  
A V Pavlov
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Beating Heart ◽  
Class I ◽  
Left Ventricular Aneurysm ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Left Ventricular Reconstruction ◽  
Class Iv

Aim. To evaluate the results of surgical treatment of post-infarction left ventricular aneurysms with on-pump beating heart technique. Methods. In our center from April, 2009 to January, 2014 169 patients had reconstruction of the left ventricle with on-pump beating heart technique. Among the patients 159 were males (94.1%) and 10 of them were females (5.9%), average age 53.8±8.9 years (39 to 72 years). Angina pectoris class I (according to the classification of Canadian Heart Association) was established in 7 (4.1%) patients, class II - in 49 (29.0%), class III - in 107 (63.3%), class IV - in 4 (2.4%), unstable angina in 2 (1.2%) patients. Chronic heart failure class I (according to New York Heart association functional classification) was diagnosed in 5 (3.0%) patients, class II in 37 (21.9%), class III in 124 (73.4%), class IV in 3 (1.8%) patients. Average ejection fraction of the left ventricle was 38.6±7.9% (25 to 67%). Mitral valve insufficiency stage 2-3 was revealed in 23 (13.6%) patients. Results. Endoventriculoplasty of the left ventricle by Dor's technique was performed in 49 (29.0%) patients, auto-septoplasty of the left ventricle - 59 (34.9%) patients, linear repair in 40 (23.7%) patients. Combined surgical interventions were performed in 21 (12.4%) patients. In-hospital lethality was 2.4% (n=4). Conclusion. Left ventricular reconstruction with on-pump beating heart technique without cardioplegic arest is effective and safe; the method allows performing remodelling of the left ventricle and reaching the target volume parameters.

scholarly journals FORMATION OF OIL CONTENT IN OIL RADISH SEEDS DEPENDING ON APPLIED MICROELEMENTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
Yaroslav Tsytsiura ◽  
Yurii Kovalchuk
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Technical Direction ◽  
Oilseed Radish ◽  
The Family ◽  
Research Period

In the article the results of studying of features of role of trace elements in the formation of the quality indicators of seeds of oilseed radish in two varieties are reflected. Systematized the views of various researchers on the processes of formation of oil content in cruciferous crops in general and radish oilseed in particular, given the current strategy of fertilizer oilseed crops of the family Cruciferae. Studied feature of the stages of the implementation and effectiveness of mono-component micronutrients in the form of easily soluble and readily available substances. The studied set of microelements included the recommended list of physiologically important components of modern microfertilizer formats and their chemical composition in order to optimally analyze the effectiveness of application for their single application in two key phases of oilseed radish – the phenological phase of stalking and the phenological phase of flowering. The use of each of micronutrients was effective and substantial compared to the oil content of seeds of both cultivars of oilseed radish given the level of oil content in seeds in control variant. The magnitude of the variation in the oil index was estimated taking into account the differences in the nature of the hydrothermal regimes of the research period. This allowed to determine the degree of genotypic nature of the formation of the oil content of seeds in oilseed radish and the possibility and effectiveness of selection of appropriate genotypes with the prospect of obtaining oil in the technical direction of use. Also assessed the role of individual micronutrients in the magnitude of the volatility of oil content in seeds of oilseed radish. Determined that the increase of oil content in seeds of oilseed radish the addition of various trace elements in the range of 0.3-1.4% from the close dynamic the resulting effective action on the formation of this indicator in the form of Co>Zn>Cu>B>Mn>Mo. It is proved that the efficacy of these minerals increases with introducing them into the flowering stage, which is a critical period regarding the implementation of the reproductive potential of the plants of oilseed radish and the formation of appropriate indicators of the quality of its seeds. The recommendations for further research in the field of optimization of fertilizer radish seeds and micronutrients were formulated. Key words: oilseed radish, fertilizer, microelements, seed quality, oil content, variety.

scholarly journals Economic Burden of Diabetes in Urban Indians

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Chandra ◽  
Bageshri Gogate ◽  
Parikshit Gogate ◽  
Nilesh Thite ◽  
Abhay Mutha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Cost ◽  
Direct Cost ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Diet Control ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Class Iv

Purpose : To find out the average economic burden of medical care on a patient with diabetes in Pune, India Methods : A semi-open ended questionnaire followed by interview was conducted with patients attending diabetes and ophthalmic out-patient departments. They were asked regarding the duration of diabetes, methods undertaken for blood sugar control and the amount they spend on consultations, laboratory tests, medicines and procedures if any within past year. Expenditure was classified as direct cost (cost of medicines, doctor’s fees, investigations, lasers and surgery) and indirect cost (travel, diet control, health classes and loss of wages). Data was collected regarding the socioeconomic status according to Kuppaswamy classification. Results : 219 patients participated of whom 129 were males (58.9%). Average annual direct cost of diabetes treatment was Rs 8,822 of which 52.1% was spend on medicines, 3.2% was spend on lasers, 12.6% was spend on surgical procedures, 11.6% spent on investigations and 10.4% was spend on clinician fees. Average annual indirect cost was Rs. 3949 of which 3.4% was spend on travelling purpose, 0.4% was spent on health classes, 4.9% was spent on diet control and 91.3% was loss of wages. Average expenditure done by lower middle class was 23.7% of their income. Average percentage of income for direct and indirect cost was 3.6% and 1.4% respectively. The cost of the treatment formed1.3% of the annual income for those in Socio-economic class I, 1.7% in class II, 3.7% in class III and 23.7% in class IV. Conclusion : The cost of managing diabetes was a significant proportion of the patients’ income, especially for those on lower socio-economic scale (class IV).

An evidence-based review of decompressive surgery in acute spinal cord injury: rationale, indications, and timing based on experimental and clinical studies

1999 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Fehlings ◽  
Charles H. Tator
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Decompressive Surgery ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Limited Class ◽  
Fine Print

Object. The authors conducted an evidence-based review of the literature to evaluate critically the rationale and indications for and the timing of decompressive surgery for the treatment of acute, nonpenetrating spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods. The experimental and clinical literature concerning the role of, and the biological rationale for, surgical decompression for acute SCI was reviewed. Clinical studies of nonoperative management of SCI were also examined for comparative purposes. Evidence from clinical trials was categorized as Class I (well-conducted randomized prospective trials), Class II (well-designed comparative clinical studies), or Class III (retrospective studies). Examination of studies in which animal models of SCI were used consistently demonstrated a beneficial effect of early decompressive surgery, although it is difficult to apply these data directly to the clinical setting. The clinical studies provided suggestive (Class III and limited Class II) evidence that decompressive procedures improve neurological recovery after SCI. However, no clear consensus can be inferred from the literature as to the optimum timing for decompressive surgery. Many authors have advocated delayed treatment to avoid medical complications, although good evidence from recent Class II trials indicates that early decompressive surgery can be performed safely without causing added morbidity or mortality. Conclusions. There is biological evidence from experimental studies in animals that early decompressive surgery may improve neurological recovery after SCI, although the relevant interventional timing in humans remains unclear. To date, the role of surgical decompression in patients with SCI is only supported by Class III and limited Class II evidence. Accordingly, decompressive surgery for SCI can only be considered a practice option. Furthermore, analysis of the literature does not allow definite conclusions to be drawn regarding appropriate timing of intervention. Hence, there is a need to conduct well-designed experimental and clinical studies of the timing and neurological results of decompressive surgery for the treatment of acute SCI.

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