scholarly journals Climatic niches in phylogenetic comparative studies: a review of challenges and approaches

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Budic ◽  
Carsten Dormann
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Environmental Preferences ◽  
Evolutionary Pattern ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Common ◽  
Broad Overview

Studying the evolution of climatic niches through time in a phylogenetic comparative framework combines species distribution modeling with phylogenies. Phylogenetic comparative studies aid the understanding of the evolution of species' environmental preferences by revealing the underlying evolutionary processes and causes, detecting the differences among groups of species or relative to evolutionary pattern of other phenotypic traits, but also act as a yardstick to gauge the adaptational potential under climate change. Because several alternatives exist on how to compute and represent the climatic niche, we here review and discuss the current state of the art and propose a best practice to use in comparative studies. Moreover we outline the common evolutionary models and available model-fitting methods and describe the procedure for ancestral niche reconstruction with the intention to give a broad overview and highlight the most advanced approaches for optimal niche-related comparative studies.

scholarly journals Ginger: Panacea or Consumer’s Hype?

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Santos Braga
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
The Public ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Current State ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Common Notion ◽  
Ginger Powder ◽  
The Common ◽  
Universal Health

Ginger in its many forms, from juices of the fresh rhizome, to ginger powder and ginger essential oil, is growing in popularity for claimed universal health benefits. Nevertheless, and contrarily to the common notion of the public, ginger is not devoid of side effects, especially interactions with other drugs, and many of the claimed benefits remain to be substantiated. This work presents a comprehensive revision of the current state of the art on ginger pharmacokinetics and bioavailability, interaction with active pharmaceutical ingredients, raising awareness of the risks of uncontrolled ginger consumption. A second section of the work described the verified actions of various extracts of ginger, or of their main active ingredients, gingerols, based mainly on data obtained from controlled clinical trials. Finally, the last section is devoted to innovative technological solutions to improve the bioavailability of gingerols and ginger extracts that are expected to ultimately lead to the development of more consumer-compliant products.

scholarly journals State-of-the-art surgery for pancreatic cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Nießen ◽  
Thilo Hackert
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Pancreatic Surgery ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Complication Management ◽  
Oncological Treatment ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The d evelopment of surgical techniques and specialization and specifically complication management in pancreatic surgery have improved surgical outcomes as well as oncological results in pancreatic surgery in recent decades. Historical morbidity and especially mortality rates of up to 80% have decreased to below 5% today. This review summarizes the current state of the art in pancreatic cancer surgery. Methods The present literature and clinical experience are summarized to give an overview of the present best practice in pancreatic surgery as one of the most advanced surgical disciplines today. Results Based on the available literature, three important aspects contribute to best patient care in pancreatic surgery, namely, surgical progress, interdisciplinary complication management, and multimodal oncological treatment in case of pancreatic cancer. In addition, minimally invasive and robotic procedures are currently fields of development and specific topics of research. Conclusion In experienced hands, pancreatic surgery—despite being one of the most challenging fields of surgery—is a safe domain today. The impact of multimodal, especially adjuvant, therapy for oncological indications is well established and evidence-based. New technologies are evolving and will be evaluated with high-evidence studies in the near future.

scholarly journals Self-Sensing Alkali-Activated Materials: A Review

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 885
Author(s):  
Christos Vlachakis ◽  
Marcus Perry ◽  
Lorena Biondi
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Sensor Fabrication ◽  
Alkali Activated

Alkali-activated materials are an emerging technology that can serve as an alternative solution to ordinary Portland cement. Due to their alkaline nature, these materials are inherently more electrically conductive than ordinary Portland cement, and have therefore seen numerous applications as sensors and self-sensing materials. This review outlines the current state-of-the-art in strain, temperature and moisture sensors that have been developed using alkali activated materials. Sensor fabrication methods, electrical conductivity mechanisms, and comparisons with self-sensing ordinary Portland cements are all outlined to highlight best practice and propose future directions for research.

Recommendations and best practice for the current state of the art in turbulence modelling

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Batten ◽  
Uri Goldberg ◽  
Oshin Peroomian ◽  
Sukumar Chakravarthy
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Turbulence Modelling ◽  
Current State

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal Diseases in Primary Immunodeficiencies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Malesza ◽  
Ida Malesza ◽  
Iwona Krela-Kaźmierczak ◽  
Aleksandra Zielińska ◽  
Eliana B. Souto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Primary Immunodeficiencies ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Current State ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Variable

In recent years, the incidence of immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorders, including celiac disease (CeD) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is increasingly growing worldwide. It is well established that primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) exhibit gastrointestinal manifestations and mimic other diseases, including CeD and IBD. The most common PIDs in adults are the selective immunoglobulin A deficiency (SIgAD) and the common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). However, some differences concerning diagnostics and management between enteropathy/colitis in PIDs, as compared to idiopathic forms of CeD/IBD, have been described. There is an ongoing discussion whether CeD and IBD in CVID patients should be considered a true CeD and IBD or just CeD-like and IBD-like diseases. This review addresses the current state of the art of the most common primary immunodeficiencies in adults and co-occurring CeD and IBD.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal Diseases in Primary Immunodeficiencies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Malesza ◽  
Ida Malesza ◽  
Iwona Krela-Kaźmierczak ◽  
Aleksandra Zielińska ◽  
Eliana B. Souto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Primary Immunodeficiencies ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Current State ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Variable

In recent years, the incidence of immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorders, including celiac disease (CeD) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is increasingly growing worldwide. It is well established that primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) exhibit gastrointestinal manifestations and mimic other diseases, including CeD and IBD. The most common PIDs in adults are the selective immunoglobulin A deficiency (SIgAD) and the common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). However, some differences concerning diagnostics and management between enteropathy/colitis in PIDs, as compared to idiopathic forms of CeD/IBD, have been described. There is an ongoing discussion whether CeD and IBD in CVID patients should be considered a true CeD and IBD or just CeD-like and IBD-like diseases. This review addresses the current state of the art of the most common primary immunodeficiencies in adults and co-occurring CeD and IBD.

A Rigid-Rod Molecular Composile Processed Directly from the Polymerization Medium

1988 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ross Haghighat ◽  
Richard L. Lusignea ◽  
Debora L. Vezie ◽  
W. Wade Adams
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Current State ◽  
Polymeric Blends ◽  
Oriented Films ◽  
Molecular Composites ◽  
One Step ◽  
Rigid Rod ◽  
The Common ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACTThe goal of this program was to form and demonstrate improved mechanical properties of biaxially oriented films of 30/70 rod-coil polymer blends of PBZT/ABPBT. These polymeric blends were prepared at three different solids contents C<CCR, C≳CCR and C>CCR.Our approach examined PBZT and ABPBT in poly phosphoric acid (PPA) as the common solvent for the first time. Also, we set out to go one step beyond the current state of the art and produce biaxially oriented PBZT reinforced ABPBT molecular composites. Our investigation marked the first time such a study has been attempted. Additionally, fibers of C≳CCR were spun and characterized.

Behavioral Genetics: Concepts for Research and Practice in Language Development and Disorders

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1126-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Gilger
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Behavioral Genetics ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Behavioral Genetic ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Future Goals ◽  
Current State ◽  
Research Designs

This paper is an introduction to behavioral genetics for researchers and practioners in language development and disorders. The specific aims are to illustrate some essential concepts and to show how behavioral genetic research can be applied to the language sciences. Past genetic research on language-related traits has tended to focus on simple etiology (i.e., the heritability or familiality of language skills). The current state of the art, however, suggests that great promise lies in addressing more complex questions through behavioral genetic paradigms. In terms of future goals it is suggested that: (a) more behavioral genetic work of all types should be done—including replications and expansions of preliminary studies already in print; (b) work should focus on fine-grained, theory-based phenotypes with research designs that can address complex questions in language development; and (c) work in this area should utilize a variety of samples and methods (e.g., twin and family samples, heritability and segregation analyses, linkage and association tests, etc.).

Schizophrenia Research: Current State of the Art

1976 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 497-498
Author(s):  
STANLEY GRAND
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Current State

Statistical Model Fitting: A State-of-the-Art Review

1978 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 937-938
Author(s):  
JAMES R. KLUEGEL
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Model ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Model Fitting
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