scholarly journals Quantitative differences in developmental profiles of spontaneous activity in cortical and hippocampal cultures

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Charlesworth ◽  
Ellese Cotterill ◽  
Andrew Morton ◽  
Seth Grant ◽  
Stephen Eglen
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Multielectrode Arrays ◽  
Cortical Networks ◽  
Hippocampal Cultures ◽  
Hippocampal Networks ◽  
Cultured Networks

Background: Neural circuits can spontaneously generate complex spatiotemporal firing patterns during development. This spontaneous activity is thought to help guide development of the nervous system. In this study, we had two aims. First, to characterise the changes in spontaneous activity in cultures of developing networks of either hippocampal or cortical neurons dissociated from mouse. Second, to assess whether there are any functional differences in the patterns of activity in hippocampal and cortical networks. Results: We used multielectrode arrays to record the development of spontaneous activity in cultured networks of either hippocampal or cortical neurons every two or three days for the first month after plating. Within a few days of culturing, networks exhibited spontaneous activity. This activity strengthened and then stabilised typically around 21 days in vitro. We quantified the activity patterns in hippocampal and cortical networks using eleven features. Three out of eleven features showed striking differences in activity between hippocampal and cortical networks. 1: Interburst intervals are less variable in spike trains from hippocampal cultures. 2: Hippocampal networks have higher correlations. 3: Hippocampal networks generate more robust theta bursting patterns. Machine learning techniques confirmed that these differences in patterning are sufficient to reliably classify recordings at any given age as either hippocampal or cortical networks. Conclusions: Although cultured networks of hippocampal and cortical networks both generate spontaneous activity that changes over time, at any given time we can reliably detect differences in the activity patterns. We anticipate that this quantitative framework could have applications in many areas, including neurotoxicity testing and for characterising phenotype of different mutant mice. All code and data relating to this report are freely available for others to use.

scholarly journals Oxytocin shapes spontaneous activity patterns in the developing visual cortex by activating somatostatin interneurons

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paloma P Maldonado ◽  
Alvaro Nuno-Perez ◽  
Jan Kirchner ◽  
Elizabeth Hammock ◽  
Julijana Gjorgjieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Network Activity ◽  
Synaptic Connections ◽  
Pairwise Correlations ◽  
Early Brain Development

SummarySpontaneous network activity shapes emerging neuronal circuits during early brain development, however how neuromodulation influences this activity is not fully understood. Here, we report that the neuromodulator oxytocin powerfully shapes spontaneous activity patterns. In vivo, oxytocin strongly decreased the frequency and pairwise correlations of spontaneous activity events in visual cortex (V1), but not in somatosensory cortex (S1). This differential effect was a consequence of oxytocin only increasing inhibition in V1 and increasing both inhibition and excitation in S1. The increase in inhibition was mediated by the depolarization and increase in excitability of somatostatin+ (SST) interneurons specifically. Accordingly, silencing SST+ neurons pharmacogenetically fully blocked oxytocin’s effect on inhibition in vitro as well its effect on spontaneous activity patterns in vivo. Thus, oxytocin decreases the excitatory/inhibitory ratio and modulates specific features of V1 spontaneous activity patterns that are crucial for refining developing synaptic connections and sensory processing later in life.

Development, learning and memory in large random networks of cortical neurons: lessons beyond anatomy

2002 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimon Marom ◽  
Goded Shahaf
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Cortical Networks ◽  
Neural Learning ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Activity Dependent

1. Introduction 631.1 Outline 631.2 Universals versus realizations in the study of learning and memory 642. Large random cortical networks developing ex vivo 652.1 Preparation 652.2 Measuring electrical activity 673. Spontaneous development 693.1 Activity 693.2 Connectivity 704. Consequences of spontaneous activity: pharmacological manipulations 724.1 Structural consequences 724.2 Functional consequences 735. Effects of stimulation 745.1 Response to focal stimulation 745.2 Stimulation-induced changes in connectivity 746. Embedding functionality in real neural networks 776.1 Facing the physiological definition of ‘reward’: two classes of theories 786.2 Closing the loop 797. Concluding remarks 848. Acknowledgments 859. References 85The phenomena of learning and memory are inherent to neural systems that differ from each other markedly. The differences, at the molecular, cellular and anatomical levels, reflect the wealth of possible instantiations of two neural learning and memory universals: (i) an extensive functional connectivity that enables a large repertoire of possible responses to stimuli; and (ii) sensitivity of the functional connectivity to activity, allowing for selection of adaptive responses. These universals can now be fully realized in ex-vivo developing neuronal networks due to advances in multi-electrode recording techniques and desktop computing. Applied to the study of ex-vivo networks of neurons, these approaches provide a unique view into learning and memory in networks, over a wide range of spatio-temporal scales. In this review, we summarize experimental data obtained from large random developing ex-vivo cortical networks. We describe how these networks are prepared, their structure, stages of functional development, and the forms of spontaneous activity they exhibit (Sections 2–4). In Section 5 we describe studies that seek to characterize the rules of activity-dependent changes in neural ensembles and their relation to monosynaptic rules. In Section 6, we demonstrate that it is possible to embed functionality into ex-vivo networks, that is, to teach them to perform desired firing patterns in both time and space. This requires ‘closing a loop’ between the network and the environment. Section 7 emphasizes the potential of ex-vivo developing cortical networks in the study of neural learning and memory universals. This may be achieved by combining closed loop experiments and ensemble-defined rules of activity-dependent change.

Dissociated cortical networks show spontaneously correlated activity patterns during in vitro development

2006 ◽  
Vol 1093 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Chiappalone ◽  
Marco Bove ◽  
Alessandro Vato ◽  
Mariateresa Tedesco ◽  
Sergio Martinoia
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Cortical Networks ◽  
In Vitro Development ◽  
Correlated Activity ◽  
Vitro Development

scholarly journals Spontaneous Plasticity of Multineuronal Activity Patterns in Activated Hippocampal Networks

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Usami ◽  
Norio Matsuki ◽  
Yuji Ikegaya
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Correlated Activity ◽  
Activity Frequency ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Multineuronal Activity ◽  
Hippocampal Networks

Using functional multineuron imaging with single-cell resolution, we examined how hippocampal networks by themselves change the spatiotemporal patterns of spontaneous activity during the course of emitting spontaneous activity. When extracellular ionic concentrations were changed to those that mimicked in vivo conditions, spontaneous activity was increased in active cell number and activity frequency. When ionic compositions were restored to the control conditions, the activity level returned to baseline, but the weighted spatial dispersion of active cells, as assessed by entropy-based metrics, did not. Thus, the networks can modify themselves by altering the internal structure of their correlated activity, even though they as a whole maintained the same level of activity in space and time.

scholarly journals Reliable Recall of Spontaneous Activity Patterns in Cortical Networks

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (46) ◽  
pp. 14596-14606 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Marre ◽  
P. Yger ◽  
A. P. Davison ◽  
Y. Fregnac
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Cortical Networks

Spontaneous Activity of Cortical Neurons in Vitro and Its Regulation by Acetylcholine

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 986-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. S. Mednikova ◽  
F. V. Kopytova ◽  
M. N. Zhadin
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Cortical Neurons

scholarly journals Development of a spontaneously active dorsal root ganglia assay using multiwell multielectrode arrays

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (6) ◽  
pp. 3217-3228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Newberry ◽  
Shuya Wang ◽  
Nina Hoque ◽  
Laszlo Kiss ◽  
Michael K. Ahlijanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglia ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Neuron Activity ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Multielectrode Arrays

In vitro phenotypic assays of sensory neuron activity are important tools for identifying potential analgesic compounds. These assays are typically characterized by hyperexcitable and/or abnormally, spontaneously active cells. Whereas manual electrophysiology experiments provide high-resolution biophysical data to characterize both in vitro models and potential therapeutic modalities (e.g., action potential characteristics, the role of specific ion channels, and receptors), these techniques are hampered by their low throughput. We have established a spontaneously active dorsal root ganglia (DRG) platform using multiwell multielectrode arrays (MEAs) that greatly increase the ability to evaluate the effects of multiple compounds and conditions on DRG excitability within the context of a cellular network. We show that spontaneous DRG firing can be attenuated with selective Na+ and Ca2+ channel blockers, as well as enhanced with K+ channel blockers. In addition, spontaneous activity can be augmented with both the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 agonist capsaicin and the peptide bradykinin and completely blocked with neurokinin receptor antagonists. Finally, we validated the use of this assay by demonstrating that commonly used neuropathic pain therapeutics suppress DRG spontaneous activity. Overall, we have optimized primary rat DRG cells on a multiwell MEA platform to generate and characterize spontaneously active cultures that have the potential to be used as an in vitro phenotypic assay to evaluate potential therapeutics in rodent models of pain.

Serial interval statistics of spontaneous activity in cortical neurons in vivo and in vitro

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (10-12) ◽  
pp. 1717-1722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin P. Nawrot ◽  
Clemens Boucsein ◽  
Victor Rodriguez-Molina ◽  
Ad Aertsen ◽  
Sonja Grün ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Serial Interval
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