scholarly journals A solution to the biodiversity paradox by logical deterministic cellular automata

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lev V. Kalmykov ◽  
Vyacheslav L. Kalmykov
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Competitive Exclusion ◽  
Exclusion Principle ◽  
Multiscale Models ◽  
Competitive Exclusion Principle ◽  
Competitive Coexistence ◽  
Box Models ◽  
Black Box Models ◽  
Insight Into

The paradox of biological diversity is the key problem of theoretical ecology. The paradox consists in the contradiction between the competitive exclusion principle and the observed biodiversity. This principle was formulated incorrectly because of limitations of the traditional black-box models of interspecific competition. The principle is very important as the basis for understanding evolutionary processes. Our white-box multiscale models are based on logical deterministic individual-based cellular automata. This approach allows to provide an automatic deductive inference on the basis of a system of axioms and to get a direct holistic insight into the studied system. It is one of the most promising methods of artificial intelligence. Here on simplest models we show a mechanism of competitive coexistence which violates the known formulations of the competitive exclusion principle. We reformulate and generalize the competitive exclusion principle and explain why our formulations provide a solution of the biodiversity paradox. In addition, we propose a principle of competitive coexistence

scholarly journals A mechanistic model of the S-shaped population growth

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lev V. Kalmykov
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Competitive Exclusion ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Exclusion Principle ◽  
Cellular Automata Model ◽  
Competitive Exclusion Principle ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The main idea of this note is to show the most basic and purely mechanistic model of population growth, which has been used by us to create models of interspecific competition for verification of the competitive exclusion principle (1, 2). Our logical deterministic individual-based cellular automata model demonstrates a spatio-temporal mechanism of the S-shaped population growth.

scholarly journals On a solution of the biodiversity paradox and a competitive coexistence principle

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lev V. Kalmykov ◽  
Vyacheslav L. Kalmykov
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Competitive Exclusion ◽  
Exclusion Principle ◽  
Central Problem ◽  
Competitive Exclusion Principle ◽  
Theoretical Ecology ◽  
Competitive Coexistence ◽  
Trade Offs

The biodiversity paradox is the central problem in theoretical ecology. The paradox consists in the contradiction between the competitive exclusion principle and the observed biodiversity. This contradiction is the key subject of the long-standing and continuing biodiversity debates. The paradox impedes our insights into biodiversity conservation. Previously we proved that due to a soliton-like behaviour of population waves complete competitors can indefinitely coexist in one closed homogeneous habitat on one and the same limiting resource under constant conditions of environment, without any trade-offs and cooperations. As this fact violates the known formulations of the competitive exclusion principle we have reformulated the principle. Here we explain why this reformulation of the principle results in a solution of the biodiversity paradox. In addition, we generalize the competitive exclusion principle. Reasoning by contradiction, we formulate a generalized principle of competitive coexistence. These principles expand theoretical basis for biodiversity conservation and sustainable development.

Ecological Theory and the Superfluous Niche

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-123
Author(s):  
James Justus ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Exclusion ◽  
Ecological Theory ◽  
Character Displacement ◽  
Exclusion Principle ◽  
Limiting Similarity ◽  
Competitive Exclusion Principle ◽  
Ecological Equivalence

Perhaps no concept has been thought more important to ecological theorizing than the niche. Without it, technically sophisticated and well-regarded accounts of character displacement, ecological equivalence, limiting similarity, and others would seemingly never have been developed. The niche is also widely considered the centerpiece of the best candidate for a distinctively ecological law, the competitive exclusion principle. But the incongruous array and imprecise character of proposed definitions of the concept square poorly with its apparent scientific centrality. I argue this definitional diversity and imprecision reflects a problematic conceptual indeterminacy that challenges its putative indispensability in ecology.

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