scholarly journals Pig Manure Application for Remediation of Mine Soils in Murcia Province, SE Spain

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 819-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Faz ◽  
D. M. Carmona ◽  
A. Zanuzzi ◽  
A. R. Mermut
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Metal Mobility ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Mine Soils ◽  
Plant Establishment ◽  
Column Studies ◽  
Undisturbed Soil

In southern Spain, specifically in Murcia Province, an increased pig population causes large amounts of slurry production that creates a very serious environmental concern. Our aim was to use this waste to reduce the acid mine drainage process, heavy metal mobilization, and to improve soil conditions to enhance plant establishment in mine soils. Pig manure, sewage sludge, and lime were used as soil amendments in a field experiment and in undisturbed soil column. Field experiments showed an increase in pH, total nitrogen, organic carbon, and carbonate contents; a reduction of diethylene-tetramine pentaacetic acid (DTPA)– and water-extractable metals; and an improvement of plant establishment. The field studies showed that pig manure could be utilized to remediate polluted soils. Column studies in the laboratory showed that amendment of mine soil with pig manure initially increased soil pH from 2.21 to 6.34, promoted reduced conditions in the surface soil, and decreased the metal mobility. After 21 weeks, while the leachate was slightly acidic, however, the mobility of metals was substantially low. Additions of 7 and 14% of pig manure were insufficient to maintain a neutral pH in the leachate. Therefore, continuous application of the pig manure may be advised.

scholarly journals Comparison of Fish Pond Waste Water with Manures under Garden Egg in Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic J. Udoh ◽  
Otobong B. Iren ◽  
Jeremiah E. Jonathan
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Fish Pond ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Total N ◽  
Cropping Seasons

<p class="1Body">Two field experiments were conducted from 2012 to 2013 cropping seasons to evaluate the efficacy and also determine the optimum rates of application for fish pond waste water in comparison with three other manures including one inorganic fertilizer and two organic manures under garden egg (<em>Solanum spp.</em>) crop.Garden egg was fertilized with pond waste water (PW), poultry manure (PM), pig manure (PG) and NPK15:15:15 at equivalent nitrogen (N) rates (0, 150, 300, 450 kg/ha). The treatments were arranged in a split plot under randomized complete block design (RCBD).The results obtained indicated a slight drop in soil pH but soil OM, total N, available P, exchangeable Ca and K increased generally with increasing rates of manures. The PW and PG treatments supported significantly (P&lt;0.05) the highest yields of the crop compared to PM and NPK with the 150 and 300 kg/ha treatments recording the highest increase. These results have shown that under the high rainfall and acidic soil conditions of Akwa Ibom State in Nigeria, PW is useful for the improvement of soil conditions and achievement of higher crop yields when applied at rates that supply N in the range of 150 – 300 kg/ha.</p>

scholarly journals Using undisturbed columns to predict long term behaviour of effluent irrigated soils under field conditions

Soil Research ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 661 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Dawes ◽  
A. Goonetilleke
Keyword(s):  
Soil Column ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Sewage Effluent ◽  
Column Studies ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Pollutants ◽  
Irrigated Soils

Soils have only a finite capacity for the removal of wastewater pollutants, and with time this capacity could decline. Not all soil types have the capacity to provide adequate treatment and dispersal of sewage effluent. For continued long-term application to be successful, it is essential that infiltration and drainage characteristics of soils do not decline. Also critical is how long-term application of nutrients and cations affects the soils and whether any leaching occurs. The research project described compares the outcomes of detailed field studies with results from an undisturbed soil column study where typical soils in the south-east region of Queensland, Australia, have been subjected to sewage effluent application over a period of 12 months. Multivariate analysis helped to classify the influential soil characteristics and to identify relative changes in each soil after the application of effluent. Identification and correlation of influential soil characteristics in field and accelerated column studies confirmed that undisturbed soil column studies can be useful in predicting long-term behaviour of effluent-irrigated soils.

scholarly journals Effects of Soil Water Content and Soil Temperature on Efficacy of Metham-Sodium Against Verticillium dahliae

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 773-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. M. Saeed ◽  
D. I. Rouse ◽  
J. M. Harkin ◽  
K. P. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Column Studies ◽  
Metham Sodium

Soil column studies were conducted to investigate the influence of soil water content and temperature on the efficacy of metham-sodium and its degradation product methyl isothiocyanate against Verticillium dahliae. The viability of the microsclerotia (MS) of the fungus in the top 30 cm of fumigated and control columns was measured. Temperatures for studies were 2 or 22°C, and the soil water content, expressed as soil matric potential, varied from -23 (wet), -113 (moist), to -2485 J/kg (dry). There was a significant interaction of soil water content and temperature on the efficacy of metham-sodium against V. dahliae MS. For the low soil temperature (2°C) the fumigant was more effective against MS of the fungus in wet than in moist or dry soil Soil water content did not affect fungicidal activity of metham-sodium when the soil columns were maintained at 22°C. These results suggest that the fumigant has a greater efficacy against V. dahliae in wet/cold soil conditions compared to the other conditions tested. Consequently, it was recommended that metham-sodium be applied to fields by chemigation in late fall or early spring to obtain efficacious results.

scholarly journals Simulation of Daily Mean Soil Temperatures for Agricultural Land Use Considering Limited Input Data

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 441
Author(s):  
Philipp Grabenweger ◽  
Branislava Lalic ◽  
Miroslav Trnka ◽  
Jan Balek ◽  
Erwin Murer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Snow Layer ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Dimensional Simulation ◽  
Limited Input Data

A one-dimensional simulation model that simulates daily mean soil temperature on a daily time-step basis, named AGRISOTES (AGRIcultural SOil TEmperature Simulation), is described. It considers ground coverage by biomass or a snow layer and accounts for the freeze/thaw effect of soil water. The model is designed for use on agricultural land with limited (and mostly easily available) input data, for estimating soil temperature spatial patterns, for single sites (as a stand-alone version), or in context with agrometeorological and agronomic models. The calibration and validation of the model are carried out on measured soil temperatures in experimental fields and other measurement sites with various climates, agricultural land uses and soil conditions in Europe. The model validation shows good results, but they are determined strongly by the quality and representativeness of the measured or estimated input parameters to which the model is most sensitive, particularly soil cover dynamics (biomass and snow cover), soil pore volume, soil texture and water content over the soil column.

An experiment in the control of the ground water-level in a fen peat soil

1951 ◽  
Vol 41 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 149-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Nicholson ◽  
G. Alderman ◽  
D. H. Firth
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ground Water Level ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Local Soil

1. The methods of investigation of the effect of ground water-level on crop growth, together with tho field installations in use, are discussed.2. Direct field experiments are handicapped by the difficulties of achieving close control on a sufficiently large scale, due to considerable variations of surface level and depth of peat within individual fields and to rapid fluctuations in rainfall and evaporation. Many recorded experiments are associated with climatic conditions of substantial precipitation during the growing season.3. Seasonal fluctuations of ground water-level in Fen peat soils in England, in natural and agricultural conditions, are described.4. The local soil conditions are outlined and the implications of profile variations are discussed.5. The effective control of ground water-level on a field scale requires deep and commodious ditches and frequent large underdrains to ensure the movement of water underground with sufficient freedom to give rapid compensatory adjustment for marked disturbances of ground water-level following the incidence of heavy rain or excessive evaporation.6. A working installation for a field experiment in ordinary farming conditions is described and the measure of control attained is indicated.

Gasified Grass and Wood Biochars Facilitate Plant Establishment in Acid Mine Soils

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 1013-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire L. Phillips ◽  
Kristin M. Trippe ◽  
Gerald Whittaker ◽  
Stephen M. Griffith ◽  
Mark G. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mine Soils ◽  
Plant Establishment ◽  
Acid Mine

Weed control in sugar beet with single and split applications of herbicides

1971 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice Eddowes
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
The West ◽  
West Midlands ◽  
Free Environment ◽  
Annual Weeds ◽  
Residual Herbicide

SummaryRecent developments in chemical weed control in sugar beet have been reviewed. Two main approaches to the problem of providing reliable season-long control of annual weeds in sugar beet are, (a) the use of mixtures of herbicides applied pre-planting and incorporated into the soil during seed bed preparation, and (b) the use of split applications with a residual herbicide applied pre-emergence followed by a contact herbicide applied post-emergence.The second approach (b) was examined in a series of field experiments from 1967 to 1969, on light to medium sandy loam soils in the West Midlands. Comparisons were made between pre-emergence application of lenacil and pyrazon, pre-emergence application of lenacil and pyrazon followed by post-emergence application of phenmedipham, and post-emergence application of phenmedipham for weed control in sugar beet.Under dry soil conditions in April 1967, lenacil and pyrazon controlled only about 40% of the annual weeds, but in 1968 and 1969, when moist soil conditions predominated in April and May, lenacil and pyrazon controlled 80–95% of the annual weeds.Phenmedipham applied post-emergence gave about 90% control of annual broadleaved weeds initially, but it seemed unlikely that a single application of this herbicide would provide satisfactory weed control in sugar beet.In each of the 3 years 1967–9, a split application of a soil-acting residual herbicide (pro-emergence) followed by phenmedipham (post-emergence) gave outstanding weed control and enabled sugar beet to be established and grown until mid-June at least, in a near weed-free environment. It was concluded that this technique was the most effective for weed control in sugar beet on light to medium sandy loam soils in the West Midlands.

Investigations in crop husbandry. III. Effect of time of application of sulphate of ammonia to wheat

1936 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. Garner ◽  
H. G. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Plant Establishment ◽  
Poor Condition ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Gravelly Soil ◽  
Heavy Clay ◽  
Crop Husbandry

1. Over a period of six years seven field experiments were carried out to study the effect of the time of application of sulphate of ammonia to autumn-sown wheat.2. Three experiments were located on light gravelly soil which had been farmed highly for some years, and in those three cases sulphate of ammonia decreased yield, irrespective of time of application; the reduction in yield was of the order of 10 per cent. and is ascribed to more lodging and greater incidence of “foot-rot”.3. Three experiments were located on heavy clay soil in poor condition; in these sulphate of ammonia gave percentage increases in yield of 18, 20 and 7.4. Evidence is produced that early dressings of sulphate of ammonia do not affect germination or plant establishment, but that they tend to increase tiller formation by the end of February.

scholarly journals Managed aquifer recharge: study of undisturbed soil column tests on the infiltration and treatment capacity using effluent of wastewater stabilization pond

RBRH ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaqueline Vígolo Coutinho ◽  
Cristiano das Neves Almeida ◽  
Eduardo Bernardo da Silva ◽  
Catalin Stefan ◽  
Gilson Barbosa Athayde Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Column ◽  
Managed Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sewage Effluent ◽  
Ammoniacal Nitrogen ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Coastal Watershed ◽  
Stabilization Pond

ABSTRACT Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) is a useful tool for the treatment and use of sewage effluent because it complements conventional treatment, recovers the aquifer and minimizes risk of saltwater intrusion. This study aims to investigate technical data to determine the treatment of wastewater stabilization pond effluent using undisturbed soil columns collected from a coastal watershed study area within the BRAMAR (BRAzil Managed Aquifer Recharge) project. The treatment efficiency was monitored by measuring physico-chemical parameters (BOD 5, COD, DOC, TSS, NH3 and NO3) in two columns filled with undisturbed sandy soil in which sewage effluent was infiltrated under unsaturated condition for 72 days with an average input flow of 10 mm h-1. Results indicated reduction greater than 60% of organic matter, suspended solids and ammoniacal nitrogen. However, high concentrations of nitrate in the outflow were detected originating from nitrification of ammoniacal nitrogen. Moreover, difficulties in relation to soil clogging were observed. Furthermore, this study brought relevant contributions to understanding the influence of the infiltration rate and ability to treat effluent from wastewater stabilization ponds using undisturbed soil columns. Future research should be undertaken to improve the pretreatment methods and the operation of a MAR system in the study area.

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