scholarly journals Neurodegeneration in Schizophrenia: Evidence fromIn VivoNeuroimaging Studies

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Csernansky
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Temporal Lobes ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques

Although schizophrenia is primarily considered to be a neurodevelopmental disorder, there is a growing consensus that the disorder may also involve neurodegeneration. Recent research using non-invasive neuroimaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging, suggests that some patients with schizophrenia show progressive losses of gray matter in the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. The cellular mechanisms responsible for such gray matter losses are unknown, but have been hypothesized to involve abnormal increases in apoptosis.

scholarly journals Non-invasive visualization of amyloid-beta deposits in Alzheimer amyloidosis mice using magnetic resonance imaging and fluorescence molecular tomography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wuwei Ren ◽  
Ruiqing Ni ◽  
Markus Vaas ◽  
Jan Klohs ◽  
Jorge Ripoll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Amyloid Beta ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Fluorescence Molecular Tomography ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Brain

One of the major hallmarks of Alzheimer′s disease is the abnormal cerebral accumulation of amyloid-beta. Non-invasive monitoring of amyloid-beta deposits enables monitoring of treatment effects and understanding of the disease mechanism in the brain of disease animal models. Previous fluorescence imaging of has been mainly based on 2D diffuse fluoresence imaging and two-photon imaging with small field-of-view. Here we utilized a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) pipeline assisted with curcumin derivative CRANAD-2 for detecting the amyloid-beta; accumulation in arcAb mouse model of Alzheimer amyloidosis in 3D. A homebuilt FMT system was used for data acquisition, and a customized software platform was employed to enable the integration of anatomical information from MRI for assisting the FMT image reconstruction. To validate the multi-modal FMT-MRI method, conventional fluorescence reflectance imaging was conducted in the same conditions. Concordance in the time course of fluoresence intensity after intravenous injection of CRANAD-2 in the brain was observed. In conclusion, we have demonstrated the feasibility of visualizing amyloid-beta; deposition in 3D using a multi-modal MRI-FMT method. This multimodal imaging method can provide complementary information of anatomical and molecular information thus facilitating future mechanistic studies and monitoring of putative treatments targeting amyloid-beta; in disease animal models.

Vertebral Artery Dissection Diagnosed by Non-Invasive Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2000 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 119-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.J. Cawood ◽  
A.G. Dyker ◽  
F.G. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Vertebral Artery ◽  
Vertebral Artery Dissection ◽  
Artery Dissection ◽  
Cerebellar Infarction ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cerebellar Dysfunction ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Brain

A forty-year-old man developed right-sided neck discomfort whilst cycling to work. On admission to hospital he was found to have signs of bilateral cerebellar dysfunction. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain demonstrated bilateral areas of cerebellar infarction. Doppler ultrasound of the vertebral arteries was abnormal and non-invasive gradient echo time of flight magnetic resonance angiography confirmed the clinical diagnosis of vertebral artery dissection. The patient was anticoagulated for a period of three months and made a full recovery.

scholarly journals Statistical Characterization of Human Brain Deformation During Mild Angular Acceleration Measured In Vivo by Tagged Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deva D. Chan ◽  
Andrew K. Knutsen ◽  
Yuan-Chiao Lu ◽  
Sarah H. Yang ◽  
Elizabeth Magrath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Deformation ◽  
Cortical Gray Matter ◽  
Tagged Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
The Brain

Understanding of in vivo brain biomechanical behavior is critical in the study of traumatic brain injury (TBI) mechanisms and prevention. Using tagged magnetic resonance imaging, we measured spatiotemporal brain deformations in 34 healthy human volunteers under mild angular accelerations of the head. Two-dimensional (2D) Lagrangian strains were examined throughout the brain in each subject. Strain metrics peaked shortly after contact with a padded stop, corresponding to the inertial response of the brain after head deceleration. Maximum shear strain of at least 3% was experienced at peak deformation by an area fraction (median±standard error) of 23.5±1.8% of cortical gray matter, 15.9±1.4% of white matter, and 4.0±1.5% of deep gray matter. Cortical gray matter strains were greater in the temporal cortex on the side of the initial contact with the padded stop and also in the contralateral temporal, frontal, and parietal cortex. These tissue-level deformations from a population of healthy volunteers provide the first in vivo measurements of full-volume brain deformation in response to known kinematics. Although strains differed in different tissue type and cortical lobes, no significant differences between male and female head accelerations or strain metrics were found. These cumulative results highlight important kinematic features of the brain's mechanical response and can be used to facilitate the evaluation of computational simulations of TBI.

Сauses of Dizziness in Patients with Suspected Stroke

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-221
Author(s):  
E. V. Shevchenko ◽  
G. R. Ramazanov ◽  
S. S. Petrikov
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Peripheral Vestibulopathy ◽  
Suspected Stroke ◽  
The Brain

Background Acute dizziness may be the only symptom of stroke. Prevalence of this disease among patients with isolated dizziness differs significantly and depends on study design, inclusion criteria and diagnostic methods. In available investigations, we did not find any prospective studies where magnetic resonance imaging, positional maneuvers, and Halmagyi-Curthoys test had been used to clarify a pattern of diseases with isolated acute dizziness and suspected stroke.Aim of study To clarify the pattern of the causes of dizziness in patients with suspected acute stroke.Material and methods We examined 160 patients admitted to N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine with suspected stroke and single or underlying complaint of dizziness. All patients were examined with assessment of neurological status, Dix-Hollpike and Pagnini-McClure maneuvers, HalmagyiCurthoys test, triplex scans of brachiocephalic arteries, transthoracic echocardiography, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain with magnetic field strength 1.5 T. MRI of the brain was performed in patients without evidence of stroke by CT and in patients with stroke of undetermined etiology according to the TOAST classification.Results In 16 patients (10%), the cause of dizziness was a disease of the brain: ischemic stroke (n=14 (88%)), hemorrhage (n=1 (6%)), transient ischemic attack (TIA) of posterior circulation (n=1 (6%)). In 70.6% patients (n=113), the dizziness was associated with peripheral vestibulopathy: benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (n=85 (75%)), vestibular neuritis (n=19 (17%)), Meniere’s disease (n=7 (6%)), labyrinthitis (n=2 (1,3%)). In 6.9% patients (n=11), the cause of dizziness was hypertensive encephalopathy, 1.9% of patients (n=3) had heart rhythm disturbance, 9.4% of patients (n=15) had psychogenic dizziness, 0.6% of patients (n=1) had demyelinating disease, and 0.6% of patients (n=1) had hemic hypoxia associated with iron deficiency anemia.Conclusion In 70.6% patients with acute dizziness, admitted to hospital with a suspected stroke, peripheral vestibulopathy was revealed. Only 10% of patients had a stroke as a cause of dizziness.

scholarly journals Non-invasive diagnostics in fossils - Magnetic Resonance Imaging of pathological belemnites

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Mietchen ◽  
H. Keupp ◽  
B. Manz ◽  
F. Volke
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Invasive Diagnostics

Abstract. For more than a decade, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been routinely employed in clinical diagnostics because it allows non-invasive studies of anatomical structures and physiological processes in vivo and to differentiate between healthy and pathological states, particularly of soft tissue. Here, we demonstrate that MRI can likewise be applied to fossilized biological samples and help in elucidating paleopathological and paleoecological questions: Five anomalous guards of Jurassic and Cretaceous belemnites are presented along with putative paleopathological diagnoses directly derived from 3D MR images with microscopic resolution. Syn vivo deformities of both the mineralized internal rostrum and the surrounding former soft tissue can be traced back in part to traumatic events of predator-prey-interactions, and partly to parasitism. Besides, evidence is presented that the frequently observed anomalous apical collar might be indicative of an inflammatory disease. These findings highlight the potential of Magnetic Resonance techniques for further paleontological applications.

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