scholarly journals Endosonography: New Developments in 2006

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 341-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Giovannini
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
New Developments ◽  
The Us

Recent progress of the data processing applied to ultrasound (US) examination made it possible to develop new software. The US workstation of the last generation thus incorporated a computer into their center that allowed a very precise treatment of the US image. This made it possible to work out new images like three-dimensional (3-D) US, the US of contrast-harmonic associated with the intravenous injection with product with contrast for US, and finally even more recently, elastography. These techniques, currently quite elaborate in percutaneous US, are to be adapted and evaluated with echoendoscopy (EUS).We thus will approach the 3-D EUS successively, then the contribution of the products of contrast for US with the pancreatic EUS, and finally, elastography guided by endosonography.

Tire Modeling by Finite Elements

1992 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. O. Faria ◽  
J. T. Oden ◽  
B. Yavari ◽  
W. W. Tworzydlo ◽  
J. M. Bass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
Test Problems ◽  
State Behavior ◽  
Normal Contact ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Applied Torque ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Tire Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element

Abstract Recent advances in the development of a general three-dimensional finite element methodology for modeling large deformation steady state behavior of tire structures is presented. The new developments outlined here include the extension of the material modeling capabilities to include viscoelastic materials and a generalization of the formulation of the rolling contact problem to include special nonlinear constraints. These constraints include normal contact load, applied torque, and constant pressure-volume. Several new test problems and examples of tire analysis are presented.

Innovationsmotor Medientechnik – Von der Schreibmaschine zur «Mittleren Datentechnik» bei der Siemag Feinmechanische Werke (1950 bis 1969)

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-117
Author(s):  
Christian Henrich-Franke
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Family Enterprise ◽  
The Us ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Media ◽  
The 1960S

Abstract The second half of the 20th century is commonly considered to be a time in which German companies lost their innovative strength, while promising new technologies presented an enormous potential for innovation in the US. The fact that German companies were quite successful in the production of medium data technology and had considerable influence on the development of electronic data processing was neglected by business and media historians alike until now. The article analyses the Siemag Feinmechanische Werke (Eiserfeld) as one of the most important producers of the predecessors to said medium data technologies in the 1950s and 1960s. Two transformation processes regarding the media – from mechanic to semiconductor and from semiconductor to all-electronic technology – are highlighted in particular. It poses the question of how and why a middling family enterprise such as Siemag was able to rise to being the leading provider for medium data processing office computers despite lacking expertise in the field of electrical engineering while also facing difficult location conditions. The article shows that Siemag successfully turned from its roots in heavy industry towards the production of innovative high technology devices. This development stems from the company’s strategic decisions. As long as their products were not mass-produced, a medium-sized family business like Siemag could hold its own on the market through clever decision-making which relied on flexible specialization, targeted license and patent cooperation as well as innovative products, even in the face of adverse conditions. Only in the second half of the 1960s, as profit margins dropped due to increasing sales figures and office machines had finally transformed into office computers, Siemag was forced to enter cooperation with Philips in order to broaden its spectrum and merge the production site in Eiserfeld into a larger business complex.

scholarly journals Emerging Silk Material Trends: Repurposing, Phase Separation and Solution-Based Designs

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1160
Author(s):  
F. Philipp Seib
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Fiber Formation ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Silk Fabrics ◽  
Induced Crystallization ◽  
Liquid Liquid Phase Separation

Silk continues to amaze. This review unravels the most recent progress in silk science, spanning from fundamental insights to medical silks. Key advances in silk flow are examined, with specific reference to the role of metal ions in switching silk from a storage to a spinning state. Orthogonal thermoplastic silk molding is described, as is the transfer of silk flow principles for the triggering of flow-induced crystallization in other non-silk polymers. Other exciting new developments include silk-inspired liquid–liquid phase separation for non-canonical fiber formation and the creation of “silk organelles” in live cells. This review closes by examining the role of silk fabrics in fashioning facemasks in response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Packing Optimization by Enhanced Rubber Band Analogy

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Dong ◽  
Georges M. Fadel ◽  
Vincent Y. Blouin
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Rubber Band ◽  
Volume Relaxation ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Packing Problems ◽  
Rubber Balloon ◽  
Elastic Forces ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Packing Optimization

In this paper, some new developments to the packing optimization method based on the rubber band analogy are presented. This method solves packing problems by simulating the physical movements of a set of objects wrapped by a rubber band in the case of two-dimensional problems or by a rubber balloon in the case of three-dimensional problems. The objects are subjected to elastic forces applied by the rubber band to their vertices as well as reaction forces when contacts between objects occur. Based on these forces, objects translate or rotate until maximum compactness is reached. To improve the compactness further, the method is enhanced by adding two new operators: volume relaxation and temporary retraction. These two operators allow temporary volume (elastic energy) increase to get potentially better packing results. The method is implemented and applied for three-dimensional arbitrary shape objects.

scholarly journals Quantum chaos for point scatterers on flat tori

2014 ◽  
Vol 372 (2007) ◽  
pp. 20120509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Ueberschär
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Strong Coupling ◽  
Quantum Chaos ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Point Scatterer ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
Survey Article ◽  
Delta Potential ◽  
Flat Tori

This survey article deals with a delta potential—also known as a point scatterer—on flat two- and three-dimensional tori. We introduce the main conjectures regarding the spectral and wave function statistics of this model in the so-called weak and strong coupling regimes. We report on recent progress as well as a number of open problems in this field.

scholarly journals 3-D Printable Polymer Pelletizer Chopper for Fused Granular Fabrication-Based Additive Manufacturing

Inventions ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aubrey Woern ◽  
Joshua Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Tolerance ◽  
Entire Process ◽  
Composite Fabrication ◽  
The Us ◽  
Color Mixing ◽  
Returns On Investment

Although distributed additive manufacturing can provide high returns on investment, the current markup on commercial filament over base polymers limits deployment. These cost barriers can be surmounted by eliminating the entire process of fusing filament by three-dimensional (3-D) printing products directly from polymer granules. Fused granular fabrication (FGF) (or fused particle fabrication (FPF)) is being held back in part by the accessibility of low-cost pelletizers and choppers. An open-source 3-D printable invention disclosed here allows for precisely controlled pelletizing of both single thermopolymers as well as composites for 3-D printing. The system is designed, built, and tested for its ability to provide high-tolerance thermopolymer pellets with a number of sizes capable of being used in an FGF printer. In addition, the chopping pelletizer is tested for its ability to chop multi-materials simultaneously for color mixing and composite fabrication as well as precise fractional measuring back to filament. The US$185 open-source 3-D printable pelletizer chopper system was successfully fabricated and has a 0.5 kg/h throughput with one motor, and 1.0 kg/h throughput with two motors using only 0.24 kWh/kg during the chopping process. Pellets were successfully printed directly via FGF as well as indirectly after being converted into high-tolerance filament in a recyclebot.

scholarly journals Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Photodynamic Therapy of Metastatic Melanoma: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12549
Author(s):  
Nkune Williams Nkune ◽  
Heidi Abrahamse
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Metastatic Melanoma ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Skin Malignancy ◽  
Therapeutic Outcomes ◽  
D Cell

Metastatic melanoma (MM) is a skin malignancy arising from melanocytes, the incidence of which has been rising in recent years. It poses therapeutic challenges due to its resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs and radiation therapy. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an alternative non-invasive modality that requires a photosensitizer (PS), specific wavelength of light, and molecular oxygen. Several studies using conventional PSs have highlighted the need for improved PSs for PDT applications to achieve desired therapeutic outcomes. The incorporation of nanoparticles (NPs) and targeting moieties in PDT have appeared as a promising strategy to circumvent various drawbacks associated with non-specific toxicity, poor water solubility, and low bioavailability of the PSs at targeted tissues. Currently, most studies investigating new developments rely on two-dimensional (2-D) monocultures, which fail to accurately mimic tissue complexity. Therefore, three-dimensional (3-D) cell cultures are ideal models to resemble tumor tissue in terms of architectural and functional properties. This review examines various PS drugs, as well as passive and active targeted PS nanoparticle-mediated platforms for PDT treatment of MM on 2-D and 3-D models. The overall findings of this review concluded that very few PDT studies have been conducted within 3-D models using active PS nanoparticle-mediated platforms, and so require further investigation.

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