scholarly journals Current Trends in the Molecular Classification of Renal Neoplasms

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 2505-2518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew N. Young ◽  
Viraj A. Master ◽  
Mahul B. Amin
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Kidney Cancer ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Who Classification ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Molecular Classification ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Renal Tumors ◽  
Clinical Behavior

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common form of kidney cancer in adults. RCC is a significant challenge for pathologic diagnosis and clinical management. The primary approach to diagnosis is by light microscopy, using the World Health Organization (WHO) classification system, which defines histopathologic tumor subtypes with distinct clinical behavior and underlying genetic mutations. However, light microscopic diagnosis of RCC subtypes is often difficult due to variable histology. In addition, the clinical behavior of RCC is highly variable and therapeutic response rates are poor. Few clinical assays are available to predict outcome in RCC or correlate behavior with histology. Therefore, novel RCC classification systems based on gene expression should be useful for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Recent microarray studies have shown that renal tumors are characterized by distinct gene expression profiles, which can be used to discover novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Here, we review clinical features of kidney cancer, the WHO classification system, and the growing role of molecular classification for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of this disease.

scholarly journals A Robust Gene selection Method for Microarray-based Cancer Classification

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. CIN.S3794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaosheng Wang ◽  
Osamu Gotoh
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Feature Selection ◽  
Gene Selection ◽  
Information Gain ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Feature Selection Method ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Molecular Classification ◽  
Selection Method ◽  
Chi Square

Gene selection is of vital importance in molecular classification of cancer using high-dimensional gene expression data. Because of the distinct characteristics inherent to specific cancerous gene expression profiles, developing flexible and robust feature selection methods is extremely crucial. We investigated the properties of one feature selection approach proposed in our previous work, which was the generalization of the feature selection method based on the depended degree of attribute in rough sets. We compared the feature selection method with the established methods: the depended degree, chi-square, information gain, Relief-F and symmetric uncertainty, and analyzed its properties through a series of classification experiments. The results revealed that our method was superior to the canonical depended degree of attribute based method in robustness and applicability. Moreover, the method was comparable to the other four commonly used methods. More importantly, the method can exhibit the inherent classification difficulty with respect to different gene expression datasets, indicating the inherent biology of specific cancers.

scholarly journals Diversity of Breast Carcinoma: Histological Subtypes and Clinical Relevance

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. CPath.S31563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaafar Makki
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Molecular Classification ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Wide Scope ◽  
Histological Subtypes

Mammary carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor in women, and it is the leading cause of mortality, with an incidence of ≥1,000,000 cases occurring worldwide annually. It is one of the most common human neoplasms, accounting for approximately one-quarter of all cancers in females worldwide and 27% of cancers in developed countries with a Western lifestyle. They exhibit a wide scope of morphological features, different immunohistochemical profiles, and unique histopathological subtypes that have specific clinical course and outcome. Breast cancers can be classified into distinct subgroups based on similarities in the gene expression profiles and molecular classification.

scholarly journals The ISUP system of staging, grading and classification of renal cell neoplasia

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemamali Samaratunga ◽  
Troy Gianduzzo ◽  
Brett Delahunt
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell ◽  
Who Classification ◽  
Majority Vote ◽  
Cell Cancer ◽  
Consensus Conference ◽  
World Health ◽  
Renal Tumors ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Staging Classification

There have been significant changes in the staging, classification and grading of renal cell neoplasia in recent times. Major changes have occurred in our understanding of extra-renal extension by renal cell cancer and how gross specimens must be handled to optimally display extra-renal spread. Since the 1981 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of renal tumors, in which only a handful of different entities were reported, many new morphological types have been described in the literature, resulting in 50 different entities reported in the 2004 WHO classification. Since 2004, further new entities have been recognized and reported necessitating an update of the renal tumor classification. There have also been numerous grading systems for renal cell carcinoma with Fuhrman grading, the most widely used system. In recent times, the prognostic value and the applicability of the Fuhrman grading system in practice has been shown to be, at best, suboptimal. To address these issues and to recommend reporting guidelines, the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) undertook a review of adult renal neoplasia through an international consensus conference in Vancouver in 2012. The conduct of the conference was based upon evidence from the literature and the current practice amongst recognized experts in the field. Working groups selected to deal with key topics evaluated current data and identified points of controversy. A pre-meeting survey of the ISUP membership was followed by the consensus conference at which a formal ballot was taken on each key issue. A 65% majority vote was taken as consensus. This review summarizes the outcome and recommendations of this conference with regards to staging, classification and grading of renal cell neoplasia.

Retrospective Analysis of Patients with Refractory Cytopenia with Unilineage Dysplasia.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 4847-4847
Author(s):  
Yuchun Wang ◽  
Xin Du ◽  
Suxia Geng
Keyword(s):  
Myelodysplastic Syndromes ◽  
Who Classification ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Refractory Anemia ◽  
Prognostic Information ◽  
Prognostic Assessment ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Abstract 4847 Background Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of clonal heterogeneous bone marrow stem cell disorders characterized by dysplastic hypercellular marrows with peripheral cytopenias. Accurate diagnosis and classification are essential for subgroup identification and prognostic assessment of patients with MDS. Classification systems such as the World Health Organization (WHO) classification are widely used but do not always provide sufficient prognostic information. So WHO improved the classification systems last year(2008). The major change was that refractory anemia (RA) was substituted by refractory cytopenia with unilineage dysplasia (RCUD). The aim of this study was to apply the new WHO classification to re-evaluate MDS with RA. Methods MDS patients with RA diagnosed between 2000 and 2008 were retrospectively reclassified with WHO criteria (2008). Results According to the new WHO classification, RCUD is intended to encompass those myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) which present with a refractory cytopenia with unilineage dysplasia and includes refractory anemia (RA), refractory neutropenia (RN) and refractory thrombocytopenia (RT), so in 34 cases diagnosed as RA, 12 cases (12/34,35%) still pertained to RA, 19 cases (56% ) to RN and 3 (9%) cases to RT. IPSS showed 94% of RCUD cases categorized as low or intermediate-I risk. The median survival of patients with RCUD was 84 months. Conclusions RA is the main subtypes of RCUD. Understanding the clinical features of RCUD accurately is helpful to determine the right subtype of RCUD. The new WHO classification system was improved to provide better diagnostic criteria. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Predicting the clinical behavior of ovarian cancer from gene expression profiles

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (S1) ◽  
pp. 147-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. DE SMET ◽  
N.L.M.M. POCHET ◽  
K. ENGELEN ◽  
T. VAN GORP ◽  
P. VAN HUMMELEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Clinical Behavior

scholarly journals Organ-Specific Molecular Classification of Primary Lung, Colon, and Ovarian Adenocarcinomas Using Gene Expression Profiles

2001 ◽  
Vol 159 (4) ◽  
pp. 1231-1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Giordano ◽  
Kerby A. Shedden ◽  
Donald R. Schwartz ◽  
Rork Kuick ◽  
Jeremy M.G. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Molecular Classification ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Ovarian Adenocarcinomas
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