scholarly journals Histochemical Differential Diagnosis and Polarization Optical Analysis of Amyloid and Amyloidosis

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 154-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bély
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Optical Analysis ◽  
Early Start ◽  
Amyloid Deposits ◽  
Protein Fibrils ◽  
Congo Red Staining ◽  
Sensitive Method

Amyloidosis is characterized by extracellular deposition of protein fibrils of chemically heterogeneous composition. Early recognition and identification of amyloid deposits allows an early start of therapy, which may entail a better prognosis. Congo red staining according to Romhányi (1971) is a highly specific and sensitive method for early microscopic recognition of amyloidosis. The main and most important types of amyloidosis may be distinguished by classic histochemical methods of performate pretreatment according to Romhányi (1979), or by KMnO4oxidation according to Wright (1977) followed by Congo red staining and viewed under polarized light. Differences in the speed of breakdown (disintegration) of amyloid deposits according to Bély and Apáthy allow a more precise distinction of various types of amyloid.

scholarly journals Old known diseases affecting the orbit. Presentation of a clinical case and review

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
L. Sager ◽  
A. Reibaldi ◽  
R. Calvo ◽  
A. Ortiz ◽  
S. Roverano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Dermal Collagen ◽  
History Of

We present the case of a 56-year-old patient with a history of Multiple Myeloma, who evolves with periorbital inflammation of both eyelids, bilateral, yellowish-violet, ulcerated and painless. The differential diagnosis with the adult orbital xanthogranulomatous diseases was raised, especially XN due to its association with MM. When performing a biopsy of the lesion, fragmentation of dermal collagen bundles and around vessels a pale eosinophilic acellular material, positive congo red and apple-green color with polarized light are observed in the histology, reaching the diagnosis of Amyloidosis and Orbital Xantogranuloma of the Adult.

scholarly journals Pathology and Proteomics-Based Diagnosis of Localized Light-Chain Amyloidosis in Dogs and Cats

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 658-665
Author(s):  
Ayumi Kadota ◽  
Susumu Iwaide ◽  
Shinya Miyazaki ◽  
Ikki Mitsui ◽  
Noboru Machida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Permanganate ◽  
Light Chain ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Light Chains ◽  
Al Amyloidosis ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Amyloid Deposits ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Congo Red Staining ◽  
Amyloid Light Chain

Amyloidosis is classified according to the amyloid precursor protein, and accurate diagnosis of the amyloidosis type may guide appropriate treatment. Immunohistochemistry and Congo red staining are the most frequently used methods used to distinguish types of amyloidosis, but problems with specificity and sensitivity indicate the need for an alternative diagnostic method. In this study, we evaluated laser microdissection-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LMD-LC-MS/MS) for the diagnosis of amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis in animals. Plasmacytomas with amyloid deposits from 15 dogs and 2 cats were subjected to Congo red staining with or without potassium permanganate pretreatment, immunohistochemistry for kappa and lambda light chains, and LMD-LC-MS/MS. Congo red staining was diagnostic in 12 of 17 cases based on resistance to potassium permanganate pretreatment, but in 5 of 17 cases the pretreatment unexpectedly reduced Congo red staining or abrogated the birefringence and a definitive diagnosis could not be reached. Immunohistochemistry detected kappa or lambda light chains in 6 of 17 cases. With LMD-LC-MS/MS, immunoglobulin lambda light chain was detected in all 17 cases. The amyloid signature proteins ApoA-I, ApoA-IV, and ApoE were detected in 9, 1, and 3 of the 15 canine cases by LMD-LC-MS/MS, but not in the feline cases. In conclusion, LMD-LC-MS/MS consistently determined the amyloid type in all examined specimens, while Congo red staining after potassium permanganate treatment and immunohistochemistry were less sensitive tests.

scholarly journals Generalized AA-Amyloidosis in a Bat (Pipistrellus pipistrellus)

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Gruber ◽  
R. P. Linke
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Potassium Permanganate ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Chronic Wound ◽  
Aa Amyloidosis ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Pipistrellus Pipistrellus ◽  
Amyloid Deposits ◽  
Congo Red Staining

Generalized amyloidosis was found to be the cause of death in a female adult insectivorous pipistrelle bat ( Pipistrellus pipistrellus) after chronic wound inflammation. Large amounts of amyloid were detected in liver, spleen, kidneys, stomach, intestine, lymphatic tissues, and endocrine and salivary glands. Congo red staining and green birefringence identified amyloid; the Congo red staining was sensitive to potassium permanganate oxidation. The amyloid was further classified immunohistochemically. The deposits reacted with two anti-human-AA-amyloid monoclonal antibodies in a peroxidase-antiperoxidase reaction, whereas no reaction was found with antibodies specific for other types of amyloid. Thus, the bat amyloid deposits were identified as generalized reactive AA-amyloidosis.

scholarly journals Skin Involvement in Primary Systemic Amyloidosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e2013005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susheel Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Index Patient ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Systemic Amyloidosis ◽  
Skin Involvement ◽  
Amyloid Deposits ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
Congo Red Staining

Primary systemic amyloidosis is a rare disease. It primarily involves kidney, heart, peripheral nerves and liver. Intracutaneous hemorrhage manifesting in the form of petechiae, purpura and ecchymoses due to infiltration of blood vessel walls by amyloid deposits are the most common skin lesions. We report a case of primary systemic amyloidosis with multiple, non-itchy, papular lesions in lower eyelids and lower chest wall bilaterally. Diagnosis was confirmed in this case by biopsy of skin lesions using congo red staining. Papular eruptions as seen in index patient are relatively uncommon form of skin manifestations.

scholarly journals Fluorescence detection of amyloid deposits in human tissues using histochemical dyes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
VV Guselnikova ◽  
DA Sufieva ◽  
DL Tsyba ◽  
DE Korzhevskii
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Fluorescence Detection ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Amyloid Fibrils ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Methyl Violet ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Transthyretin Amyloidosis ◽  
Amyloid Deposits ◽  
Β Amyloid

Recently, fluorescence microscopy becomes more available, presenting new opportunities to face several challenges of experimental biology and medicine. The study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of fluorescence microscopy for the identification of amyloid deposits in human tissues. Post-mortem samples of the myocardium (n = 12) and cerebral cortex (n = 8) obtained from subjects of both sexes aged 60–98 with verified amyloidosis were used as a material for the study. The specimens were stained using 11 different histochemical dyes and subsequently analyzed by light and fluorescence microscopy. Qualitative and quantitative analysis has shown that Thioflavin T is the most effective stain for fluorescence detection of β- and transthyretin amyloid in human tissues. Congo red staining is highly effective for the detection of transthyretin amyloidosis, however, it is ill-suited for the identification of β-amyloid plaques. It has been found that the ability of Congo red to exhibit fluorescence when binding to amyloid fibrils can be used for verification of amyloid deposits instead of the traditional polarized light microscopy. As has been first noted, methyl violet can selectively bind to β-amyloid with fluorescent complex formation. In addition, methyl violet treatment effectively reduces the autofluorescent background in the nervous tissue. This makes methyl violet staining a promising diagnostic tool for Alzheimer's-type pathology.

scholarly journals A clinicopathological study of primary localised cutaneous amyloidosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinitha V. Panicker ◽  
Soumya Jagadeesan ◽  
Gopikrishnan Anjaneyan ◽  
Lekshmi S. ◽  
Malini Eapen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congo Red ◽  
Amyloid Fibrils ◽  
Immunofluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Polarized Microscopy ◽  
Congo Red Staining ◽  
Macular Amyloidosis

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Amyloidosis is defined as extracellular deposits of heterogenic, misfolded proteins, amyloid fibrils, in various tissues. The term primary cutaneous amyloidosis (PLCA) usually includes macular amyloidosis (MA), lichen amyloidosis (LA) and nodular amyloidosis. Primary cutaneous amyloidosis is very common in Kerala probably due to socio-cultural practices. There has been no published data on PLCA from Kerala thus we undertook this study. The objectives of the study were to correlate clinical features of primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis with histopathologic findings; to evaluate the sensitivity of Congo red staining with polarized light in histopathologically proven primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis)</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> We undertook an observational analysis for a period of 2 years from May 2012 to April 2014 in the Department of Dermatology, Amrita Institute, Cochin. All cases clinically diagnosed as cutaneous amylodosis were included in the study. After informed consent, skin biopsy was taken. The histopathologic sections were stained with Congo red and seen under polarized microscopy for apple green birefrengance.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 70 patients were included in the study. Of the 70 cases, there were 20 males and 50 females. The most common clinical type was lichen amylodosis observed in 32 patients followed by macular amylodosis (28) and biphasic amyloidosis (10) cases. Histopathological compatibility was seen in 71% of MA and 89% cases of LA. Congored positivity was seen in 53.8%. Congored stain under immunofluorescence microscopy was done for 30 patients which gave a positivity of 85% which indicates that it is more sensitive that polarizing microscopy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Our study showed that the most common type is lichen amylodosis. Histopathology and congo red staining with polarized light is a valuable aid in diagnosis. Congo red stain under immunofluorescence microscopy has greater sensitivity and improves the diagnostic yield. </p>

Generalized AA-amyloidosis in Siberian Tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) with Predominant Renal Medullary Amyloid Deposition

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Schulze ◽  
M. Brügmann ◽  
M. Böer ◽  
H.-P. Brandt ◽  
J. Pohlenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congo Red ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Amyloid Deposition ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Aa Amyloidosis ◽  
Familial Predisposition ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Panthera Tigris Altaica ◽  
Amyloid Deposits ◽  
Congo Red Staining

Generalized amyloidosis with predominant renal medullary amyloid deposition was found in four closely related Siberian tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica) suffering from end stage kidney diseases. Only minimal to mild amounts of amyloid were deposited in various organs outside the kidneys with individually variable organ involvement. The Congo red staining affinity of amyloid deposits was sensitive to potassium permanganate oxidation. The deposits were further characterized as being of the amyloid-A (AA) type by immunohistochemistry using the mouse monoclonal antibody mc4 directed against a conserved region of the human AA-protein. A combination of immunohistochemistry and Congo red staining was much more sensitive for the diagnosis of amyloid deposits than Congo red staining alone. With this combination, even minimal amyloid deposits were detected that had been missed in the first reading using Congo-red-stained slides alone. Since no common primary cause was identified, the amyloidosis was classified as idiopathic generalized AA-amyloidosis with a potential familial predisposition.

Systemic light-chain amyloidosis incidentally diagnosed after subtotal parathyroidectomy and thyroid lobectomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. e241282
Author(s):  
Karen Tsai ◽  
Alice Chen Yu ◽  
Masha J Livhits ◽  
Dipti Sajed ◽  
Angela M Leung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Chain ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Systemic Amyloidosis ◽  
Subtotal Parathyroidectomy ◽  
Endocrine Organ ◽  
Amyloid Deposits ◽  
Thyroid Lobectomy ◽  
Pacemaker Placement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Congo Red Staining

A 74-year-old woman with a history of primary hyperparathyroidism, thyroid nodules, atrial fibrillation and pacemaker placement for sick sinus syndrome presented with fatigue, constipation and persistent lower extremity oedema. She underwent subtotal parathyroidectomy and left thyroid lobectomy. Histopathology revealed amyloidosis affecting the thyroidand parathyroids confirmed by Congo Red Staining with Mayo Clinic subtyping of light chain kappa-type amyloidosis. She was found to have combined systolic and diastolic cardiac dysfunction, carpal tunnel neuropathy and pre-diabetes suggestive of systemic amyloidosis with involvement of the heart, nerves and pancreas. Congo red stain was positive for amyloidosis on bone marrow biopsy suggestive of a diagnosis of systemic amyloidosis. She was treated with daratumumab with good clinical response. This case illustrates the necessity of considering systemic amyloidosis in patients with incidentally discovered diffuse amyloid deposits on biopsy of an endocrine organ, as endocrine effects are a rare but likely underdiagnosed consequence of systemic amyloidosis.

scholarly journals First Case of Nodular Localized Primary Cutaneous Amyloidosis Treated With Bortezomib and Dexamethasone

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 232470962110584
Author(s):  
Noman Ahmed Jang Khan ◽  
Emma Nellhaus ◽  
Doreen Griswold ◽  
Muhammad Omer Jamil
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Laser Therapy ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Amyloid Fibrils ◽  
Laser Microdissection ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Rare Form ◽  
First Case ◽  
Amyloid Deposits

Nodular localized cutaneous amyloidosis is a rare form of cutaneous amyloidosis and is characterized by an extracellular deposition of insoluble amyloid fibrils which are either primarily cutaneous or a manifestation of an underlying systemic amyloidosis. Biopsy of the lesion is mandatory for the diagnosis, and histopathology shows diffuse amyloid deposits with plasmacytic infiltration. Apple-green birefringence characteristic of amyloidosis is observed when stained with Congo red and viewed under polarized light. Amyloid subtyping is done with laser microdissection followed by mass spectrometry. Majority of these lesions do not require any treatment but surgical excision, shave excision, laser therapy, and radiotherapy can be considered for symptomatic nodular localized primary cutaneous amyloidosis (NLPCA). We present a case of recurrent NLPCA in a 64-year-old woman who was treated with bortezomib and dexamethasone after failing several local therapies with excellent response.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document