scholarly journals Anterograde and Retrograde Effects of Benzodiazepines on Memory

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1460-1465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Beracochea
Keyword(s):  
Memory Processes ◽  
Retrieval Processes ◽  
Retrograde Memory ◽  
The Impact

Benzodiazepines are known as “acquisition-impairing” molecules, and their effects on anterograde memory processes are well described. In contrast, the impact of benzodiazepines on retrograde memory and, more particularly, on retrieval processes, is only marginally studied. This mini-review provides an overlook of the main studies evidencing an effect of benzodiazepines on retrograde memory, both in humans and animals, with special emphasis on retrieval processes. The conditions for the emergence of the benzodiazepine-induced retrieval impairments are also discussed.

scholarly journals A Review of the Interleaving Effect: Theories and Lessons for Future Research

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica X. Yan ◽  
Brendan A. Schuetze ◽  
Luke Glenn Eglington
Keyword(s):  
Category Learning ◽  
Analytic Approach ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Design Experiments

Numerous studies have shown that an interleaved study sequence of examples (e.g., ABCBACACB) from different categories, relative to a blocked sequence (e.g., AAABBBCCC), often yields superior category learning. Some explanations for sequencing effects centers on attentional processes, others focus on memory processes, and the two are often pitted against each other. We propose a new integrative two-stage framework for sequencing effects incategory-learning and support this framework using a meta-analytic approach. We show, using a meta-analytic approach, that a combination of memory and attentional predictors explains significantly more variance in sequencing effects than attentional factors alone. This approach also allowed us to examine the nature of the existing evidence, which revealed inferential limitations due to how researchers typically design experiments. We provide suggestions for future research on sequencing effects in category learning that would both test the two-stage framework and increase the impact of future research.

scholarly journals THE STUDY ABOUT THE IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL TENSION ON THE STUDENTS’ EXCITEMENT AND MEMORY PROCESSES

World Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (8(48)) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Karamova Natavan ◽  
Hakverdieva Zumrud ◽  
Akbarova Khadija ◽  
Kazenferov Eldar
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Emotional Stress ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Emotional Tension ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
Psychophysiological Research ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
The Impact

Studies have investigated the effect of emotional stress on anxiety and memory processes. The object of the study was first-year students. Psychophysiological research methods have been used. Under the influence of emotional stress, there were changes in memory and an increase in anxiety levels.

scholarly journals Attention Components and Spelling Accuracy: Which Connections Matter?

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 539
Author(s):  
Lucia Bigozzi ◽  
Chiara Malagoli ◽  
Chiara Pecini ◽  
Sara Pezzica ◽  
Claudio Vezzani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Transparent Orthography ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
Early Primary ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Impact

Attention and working memory are cross-domain functions that regulate both behavioural and learning processes. Few longitudinal studies have focused on the impact of these cognitive resources on spelling skills in the early phase of learning to write. This longitudinal study investigates the contributions of attention and working memory processes to spelling accuracy and handwriting speed in 112 primary school children (2nd, 3rd, and 4th grade; age range: 7.6–9.4 years) learning to write in the Italian transparent orthography. Standardised batteries were used to assess their attention and working memory skills, as well as their spelling. Homophone and non-homophone errors were measured, as they may involve different attentional and working memory processes. The results showed that, for 2nd grade children, selective attention shifting, planning, and inhibition predicted non-homophone errors, whereas sequential working memory predicted homophone errors and writing speed was explained by planning and selective attention. In 3rd grade, only homophone errors were predicted by planning and inhibition. No significant relationships were found in 4th grade, nor in the transition across grades. Dynamic and diversified roles of attentional and working memory processes in predicting different writing skills in early primary school years emerged, with a gradual decrease in the attention–writing relationship with age.

Starvation-induced Changes in Memory Sensitization, Habituation and Psychosomatic Responses

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
O. N. Ilochi ◽  
T. A. Kolawole ◽  
B. O. Oluwatayo ◽  
A. N. Chuemere
Keyword(s):  
Compensatory Response ◽  
Motor Responses ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Feed Deprivation ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The Impact

Starvation is a global challenge. Nutritional status of an organism may influence its psychosocial behavior and other nervous system processes like motor responses and its ability to learn and memorize.  This study determined the impact of starvation-induced stress on memory sensitization, habituation and psychosomatic responses in an experimental animal design. 25 wistar rats were randomly sampled and grouped into 1-control, 2- feed after 6 hours deprivation, 3-feed after12 hours deprivation, 4-feed after 18 hours deprivation and 5-feed after 24 hours deprivation. Behavioral tests carried out included the multiple maze tests and elevated plus maze test. Grip strength test was performed to determine neuromuscular response and endurance in all groups. Biochemical investigation of brain stress markers was done on the last day of the study. There was a significant (P≤0.05) enhancement in memory processes and anxiolytic behavior after 6 hours feed deprivation. An increase in antioxidants after 6 hours feed deprivation was suspected to be a compensatory response. A progressive decrease in memory facilitation, anxiolytic behavior and muscular strength was reported after 12, 18 and 24 hours feed deprivation. The increase in habituation and decrease in psychosomatic response was observed and appreciated as the duration of feed deprivation was increased. This study provided evidence about a possible link between memory processes and stress-related alterations in calcium, magnesium and nitric oxide. Starvation may impair learning, memory and motor responses, but this tendency is dependent on the extent of feed deprivation and nutrient depletion.

Does Damage to the Frontal Lobes Produce Impairment in Memory?

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald T. Stuss ◽  
Michael P. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Frontal Lobes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
Frontal Lobe Lesions ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Lesion Studies ◽  
Strategic Memory ◽  
The Impact

There has long been controversy about the function of the frontal lobes in memory. Historically, in lesion studies, the frontal lobes were discussed as if they represented a single functional unit, and little attention was paid to possible regional differences. In a series of experiments involving patients with focal frontal lobe lesions, we have demonstrated that different frontal regions affect strategic memory processes in unique ways. In addition, some regions of the frontal lobes are involved in nonstrategic memory encoding, likely through actual involvement of the limbic memory regions or through the impact of processing deficits related to the specific mode of the information to be learned (e.g., language). These findings converge with those of functional imaging studies showing the dissociation of memory processes within the frontal lobes, and are indicative of the complex roles subserved by the frontal lobes. Future research will need to explore how the different functions within the frontal lobes influence other dynamic cognitive systems.

scholarly journals Correcting False Memories: The Effect of Mnemonic Generalization on Original Memory Traces

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan M. Muncy ◽  
C. Brock Kirwan
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
False Memory ◽  
False Memories ◽  
Test Session ◽  
Memory Representation ◽  
Memory Errors ◽  
Retrieval Processes ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Original Information

AbstractFalse memories are a common occurrence but the impact of misremembering on the original memory trace is ill-described. While the original memory may be rewritten, it is also possible for a second false memory to exist concurrently with the original, and if a false memory exists concurrently then recovery of the original information should be possible. This study investigates first, whether false recognition overwrites the original memory representation using a mnemonic discrimination task, and second, which neural processes are involved in recovering the original memory following a false memory. Thirty-five healthy, young adults performed multiple recognition memory tests, where the design of the experiment induced participants to make memory errors in the first recognition memory test and then allowed us to determine whether the memory error would be corrected in the second test session. FMRI signal associated with the encoding and retrieval processes during the experiment were investigated in order to determine the important regions for false memory correction. We found that false memories do not overwrite the original trace in all instances, as recovery of the original information was possible. Critically, we determined that recovery of the original information was dependent on higher-order processes during the formation of the false memory during the first test, and not on processing at the time of encoding or the second test episode.

scholarly journals Impairment of aversive episodic memories during pandemic: The impact of emotional context on COVID-19 memory processes

2021 ◽  
pp. 107575
Author(s):  
Leon Candela Sofía ◽  
Bonilla Matías ◽  
Urreta Benítez Facundo ◽  
Brusco Luis Ignacio ◽  
Wang Jingyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Memory Processes ◽  
Emotional Context ◽  
Episodic Memories ◽  
The Impact

Behavioural actions of neurohypophysial peptides

1980 ◽  
Vol 210 (1178) ◽  
pp. 183-194 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Regional Studies ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
Neurohypophysial Hormones ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Retrieval Processes ◽  
Ring Structures ◽  
Precursor Molecules

The neurohypophysial hormones vasopressin and oxytocin modulate memory processes. Vasopressin facilitates while oxytocin attenuates memory consolidation and retrieval. These influences are located in different regions of the molecules. Thus, the neurohypophysial hormones act as precursor molecules for neuropeptides involved in memory pro­cesses. The covalent ring structures of both vasopressin and oxytocin mainly affect consolidation, the linear parts, retrieval processes, while nearly the whole oxytocin or vasopressin molecule is needed for attenu­ation of consolidation and retrieval. Regional studies, by microdissection techniques in combination with a sensitive radioenzymatic catecholamine assay, indicate that vasopressin modulates memory processes by modulation of neurotransmission in distinct catecholamine systems. Recent experiments suggest that the influence of vasopressin on memory consolidation is mediated by the dorsal noradrenergic bundle via terminal regions of this bundle. Studies on the conversion of oxytocin in synaptosomal plasma mem­brane preparations of rat limbic brain suggest the possible generation of fragments with specific effects on memory processes. Regional differences in enzyme activity further substantiate the implication of oxytocin as a prohormone in this respect. Clinical studies support the evidence from laboratory findings that vasopressin is also involved in memory processes in man.

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