scholarly journals Alcohol and Suicide: Neurobiological and Clinical Aspects

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 700-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo Sher
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Alcohol, primarily in the form of ethyl alcohol (ethanol), has occupied an important place in the history of humankind for at least 8,000 years. In most Western societies, at least 90% of people consume alcohol at some time during their lives, and 30% or more of drinkers develop alcohol-related problems. Severe alcohol-related life impairment, alcohol dependence (alcoholism), is observed at some time during their lives in about 10% of men and 3—5% of women. An additional 5—10% of each sex develops persistent, but less intense, problems that are diagnosed as alcohol abuse. It this review, neurobiological aspects of suicidal behavior in alcoholism is discussed. In individuals with comorbid depression and alcoholism, greater serotonergic impairment may be associated with higher risk of completed suicide. Dopaminergic dysfunction may play an important role in the pathophysiology of suicidal behavior in alcoholism. Brain damage and neurobehavioral deficits are associated with alcohol use disorders and may contribute to suicidal behavior in persons with alcohol dependence or abuse. Aggression/impulsivity and alcoholism severity affect risk for suicide among individuals with alcoholism. Major depressive episodes and stressful life events particularly, partner-relationship disruptions, may precipitate suicidal behavior in individuals with alcohol use disorders. Alcohol misuse and psychosocial adversity can combine to increase stress on the person, and, thereby, potentially, increase the risk for suicidal behavior. The management of suicidal patients with alcohol use disorders is also discussed. It is to be hoped that the efforts of clinicians will reduce morbidity and mortality associated with alcohol misuse.

scholarly journals Stressful life events and suicidal behavior in adults with alcohol use disorders: Role of event severity, timing, and type

2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Conner ◽  
Rebecca J. Houston ◽  
Marc T. Swogger ◽  
Yeates Conwell ◽  
Sungeun You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Stressful Life

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Comparison of Drinking Patterns, Alcohol Use and Related Medical Morbidities in a Secondary Versus Tertiary Setting

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-157
Author(s):  
A Risal ◽  
H Tharoor
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patterns Of Drinking ◽  
Level Hospital

Background Alcohol Dependence exists in different spectrums at different settings and associated with various medical morbidities, disability and health care utilization costs. Objectives To study the drinking patterns, alcohol use disorders and alcohol related medical morbidities in patients diagnosed with Alcohol Dependence Syndrome (ADS) and attending out / in-patient psychiatry services at secondary and tertiary care centre. Methods A cross-sectional comparative study was done among the patients diagnosed with ADS attending psychiatry services at District hospital, Udupi and Kasturba Hospital, Manipal. Serial sampling was done. Patients having any other psychiatric illnesses were excluded. The two groups were compared in relation to socio-demographic variables, drinking related variables, patterns of drinking and alcohol related medical morbidities identified. Results Significant differences in some socio-demographic parameters among the patients from the two different treatment centers were found with secondary level hospital (N=50) having more illiterate, laborers and below the poverty line population in comparison to the tertiary level hospital (N=75). Maximum frequency of gastro-intestinal morbidities was seen in both the hospital population, irrespective of the patterns of drinking. Conclusion Alcohol use disorders and alcohol related medical morbidities show some variations in their presentations in the different treatment centers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v11i2.12492 Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.11(2) 2013: 152-157

scholarly journals The Interactive Effects of the Capability for Suicide and Major Depressive Episodes on Suicidal Behavior in a Military Sample

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Chu ◽  
Matthew C. Podlogar ◽  
Christopher R. Hagan ◽  
Jennifer M. Buchman-Schmitt ◽  
Caroline Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

scholarly journals Evaluation of childhood traumatic experience as a risk factor for alcohol use disorder in adulthood

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan Wang ◽  
Cui-Xia An ◽  
Mei Song ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Yuan-Yuan Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Frequent Drinking

Abstract Background We aimed to investigate the effect of early-age (prenatal, infant, and childhood) trauma on adulthood alcohol use disorder. Methods A total number of 1534 subjects who were born and live in the city of Tangshan were selected. The subjects were divided into three age groups. General demographic data, conditions of the mothers during pregnancy, and condition of the babies at birth, were collected. The diagnosis of alcohol use disorder was based on Structured Clinical Interviews for DSM-IV Axis Disorders (patient version) (SCID). The childhood trauma questionnaire short form (CTQ-SF) [1] and the Lifetime of Experience Questionnaire (LTE-Q) [2] were used to evaluate stress in childhood and adulthood, respectively. Results Only male subjects were diagnosed with lifelong alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of lifetime alcohol use disorder (X2 = 4.480, P = 0.345), current alcohol abuse, and current alcohol dependence among the three groups (X2abuse = 2.177, X2depedence = 2.198, P > 0.05). However, higher prevalence of lifetime alcohol use disorders was found in group with higher scores of CTQ (X2 = 9.315, P = 0.009), emotional abuse (X2 = 8.025, P = 0.018), physical abuse (X2 = 20.4080, P < 0.001), but not in the group with higher scores of emotional neglect (X2 = 1.226, P = 0.542), sexual abuse (X2 = 2.779, P = 0.249), physical neglect (X2 = 3.978, P = 0.137), LTE-Q (X2 = 5.415, P = 0.067), and PSQI (X2 = 5.238, P = 0.073). Protective factor for alcohol abuse for men was identified to be heavy drinking (OR = 0.085, 95%CI: 0.011–0.661), and the risk factors for alcohol abuse were identified to be frequent drinking (OR = 2.736, 95%CI: 1.500, 4.988), and consumption of low liquor (OR = 2.563, 95%CI: 1.387, 4.734). Risk factors for alcohol dependence in males were identified to be consumption of low liquor (OR = 5.501, 95%CI: 2.004, 15.103), frequent drinking (OR = 2.680, 95%CI: 1.164, 6.170), and childhood physical abuse (OR = 2.310, 95% CI: 1.026, 5.201). Conclusion Traumatic experience during infant and prenatal periods does not have a strong statistical correlation with alcohol use disorders for male adults. However, subjects with high CTQ scores, experience of emotional abuse and physical abuse show a statistically higher prevalence of lifetime alcohol use disorders. Several risk factors including consumption of low liquor, frequent drinking, and childhood physical abuse contribute to alcohol dependence in male adults.

scholarly journals Associations of BRAP polymorphisms with the risk of alcohol dependence and scores on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test

2018 ◽  
Vol Volume 15 ◽  
pp. 83-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jee Wook Kim ◽  
Young Min Choe ◽  
Joong-Gon Shin ◽  
Byung Lae Park ◽  
Hyung-Doo Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Identification Test
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