scholarly journals Changing Management of Clinical Low-Stage Testicular Cancer

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 852-867
Author(s):  
Timothy Gilligan
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Late Toxicity ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
The Individual

Stage I and II testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs) are almost always cured with appropriate treatment and most ongoing research regarding these tumors focuses on minimizing treatment toxicity. The management of clinical stage I testicular GCTs has grown more complicated due to the emergence of a brief course of chemotherapy as an additional treatment option for stage I seminomas and stage I nonseminomas. In addition, growing concern about radiation-induced cancers and other late toxicity has dulled enthusiasm for radiotherapy as a treatment for stage I seminomas. However, recent randomized trials have shown that radiotherapy doses and field sizes can be lowered without compromising cure rates and it is possible that this reduction in radiation exposure will reduce the rate of secondary cancers. At this point in history, stage I patients have three treatment options following radical orchiectomy: adjuvant (sometimes called “primary”) chemotherapy (carboplatin for seminomas and the combined regimen of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin for nonseminomas), surveillance, and either retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (for nonseminomas) or radiotherapy (for pure seminomas). Clinical studies have made it possible to identify subgroups of patients at high and low risk for relapse and this has made it possible to tailor treatment decisions to the individual patient's postorchiectomy relapse risk.

Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase Isoenzyme 1 and Relapse in Patients with Nonseminomatous Testicular Germ Cell Tumors Clinical Stage I

2001 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Finn Edler von Eyben ◽  
Ebbe Lindegaard Madsen ◽  
Ole Blaabjerg ◽  
Per Hyltoft Petersen ◽  
Hans von der Maase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Serum Lactate ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell ◽  
Dehydrogenase Isoenzyme

Paternity in men with stage I testis tumors on surveillance.

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 733-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
H W Herr ◽  
N Bar-Chama ◽  
M O'Sullivan ◽  
P C Sogani
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection ◽  
Nerve Sparing ◽  
Testis Tumor ◽  
Fertility Potential ◽  
Testis Tumors ◽  
Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumors

PURPOSE We report long-term paternity in men with stage I testis tumors who were managed initially by surveillance. PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred five patients with clinical stage I nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis were entered on a surveillance protocol and followed up for more than 10 years. Actual fertility potential was assessed by pregnancy. RESULTS Of the 105 patients, 41 (39%) have fathered children, which includes 36 of 78 (46%) patients while on active surveillance and five of 27 (19%) patients after treatment for relapse. Of 63 couples who attempted a pregnancy on surveillance or were presumed capable of impregnation (whether they tried or not), 41 (65%) were successful. CONCLUSION These results show that the majority of men with stage I testis tumor who are on surveillance after orchiectomy, have a suitable partner, and attempt impregnation achieve a successful pregnancy. Pregnancy rates appear to be less than reported in men who have a nerve-sparing retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) because more patients on surveillance require treatment for relapse, which reduces their chances for pregnancy.

Importance of a new tumor market TRA-1-60 in the follow-up of patients with clinical stage I nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumors

1997 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariël E. Gels ◽  
Jan Marrink ◽  
Petra Visser ◽  
Dirk Th. Sleijfer ◽  
Jos H. J. Droste ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell

scholarly journals Testicular tumors

2011 ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
Giovanni Rosti ◽  
Ornella Carminati ◽  
Claudia Casanova ◽  
Giorgio Papiani
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Prognostic Scores ◽  
Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Advanced Phase ◽  
Response To Chemotherapy

Germ cell tumors of the testes represent a unique paradigm of diseases which can be cured even in extremely advanced phase. Unfortunately, this makes them unique among adult solid tumors. Seminoma and non seminoma are relatively rare with approximatively 25,000 patients in Europe per year, but numbers are increasing world wide. Different strategies are needed depending on stage and prognostic scores. Seminoma is extremely sensitive to radiation therapy and chemotherapy, while all germ cell tumors show a very good response to chemotherapy. Clinical stage I seminoma is currently treated with radiation, single course carboplatin or surveillance policy. Clinical stage I non seminoma can also be approached with different strategies such as retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, observation or one-two courses of standard chemotherapy. Stage II seminoma may be treated with either radiation or chemotherapy, while for all advanced stages chemotherapy is mandatory. Since the mid-eighties PEB (Cisplatin, Etoposide and Bleomycin) is the regimen of choice and no other schedule has proved superior in terms of efficacy. Surgery on the residual disease is crucial to the whole strategy and should be performed or attempted in all cases. Consequently, the correct treatment strategy for these tumors does not depend only on the ability of a single physician, but on a skilled team specialized in this particular tumor. Second line therapies (VeIP, PEI, TIP) can cure 25%–40% of patients, but improved strategies for resistant tumors are desperately needed. High-dose chemotherapy has shown very good results in some studies while being less impressive in others. In any case, it should remain an option for relapsing patients and could be used in some cases of upfront chemotherapy in patients with slow marker decline, but this should only be considered in referring centers.

Risk of late relapse after surveillance for stage I mixed (M) or non seminomatous (NS) testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT)

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 14576-14576
Author(s):  
C. Theodore ◽  
S. Droupy ◽  
A. Laplanche ◽  
P. Wibault ◽  
K. Fizazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Late Relapse ◽  
Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell

14576 Background: Surveillance is an alternative to retroperitoneal lymph node dissection or adjuvant chemotherapy for stage I M or NS TGCT. It has been shown to be associated with a low mortality rate of about 1%, similar to that of the other therapeutic options. However, there are few reports of long-term results. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate late relapses in this setting. Methods: Screening of the computerized database from 1984 to 2005 for patients (pts) treated for a relapse of a M or NS TGCT at 10 years or more after an orchidectomy. Results: From 1994 to 2006, the files of 5 pts were retrieved. Two pts were referred from other institutions whereas 3 pts had initially been included in the surveillance program of the Institution out of a total of 88 from 1984 to 1996. (3.4% CI 95% 0.7–9.6). Initial histology was available in 4pts: it was pure mature and immature teratoma in one pt and mixed GCT with seminoma in 3 pts. There was no vascular invasion in any of the tumors. Relapse occurred between 10 and 13 years after orchidectomy (median 11 years). The diagnosis of relapse was made based on a systematic 10-year follow-up CT scan in one pt. The 4 other pts who relapsed presented with symptoms: abdominal and back pain due to retroperitoneal involvement in 2 pts, walking disability due to a spinal cord compression in one pt and acute respiratory distress syndrome due to massive metastatic lung involvement in one pt respectively. All 4 pts had bulky retroperitoneal masses. According to the IGCCCG classification, the prognosis was poor in 2 pts and intermediate in 2pts. One pt died of disease despite cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Conclusion: These data demonstrate that there is a small but clinically significant risk of late relapse of stage I M or NS GCT after orchidectomy alone and support the need for long-term surveillance and patient information. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Bilateral testicular germ cell tumors in patients treated for clinical stage I non-seminoma within two risk-adapted SWENOTECA protocols

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torgrim Tandstad ◽  
Arne Solberg ◽  
Ulf Håkansson ◽  
Olof Stahl ◽  
Hege Sagstuen Haugnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell

scholarly journals MIB-1 immunohistochemistry in clinical Stage I nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumors predicts patients at low risk for metastasis

Cancer ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. 1710-1716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Albers ◽  
Erhard Bierhoff ◽  
Daniela Neu ◽  
Rolf Fimmers ◽  
Nicolas Wernert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell ◽  
Mib 1

Surveillance after orchidectomy for patients with clinical stage I nonseminomatous testis tumors.

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
J F Sturgeon ◽  
M A Jewett ◽  
R E Alison ◽  
M K Gospodarowicz ◽  
R Blend ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Close Supervision ◽  
Risk Of Progression ◽  
Testis Tumors ◽  
Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumors

PURPOSE This study was designed to determine the proportion of patients with clinical stage I nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis (NSGCTT) managed with surveillance after orchidectomy who have more advanced disease and, therefore, require further treatment, the time to progression, the sites of progression, and the efficacy of treatment delayed until progression was recognized. PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred five patients were observed prospectively without further treatment after orchidectomy and full clinical staging. Treatment was given immediately upon detection of marker-positive, clinical, or radiologic evidence of disease. RESULTS Thirty-seven patients (35.2%) have required further therapy for disease progression, occurring from 2 to 21 months after diagnosis. Thirty-six patients have been successfully treated. Overall, 104 patients (99%) remain alive and free of disease at 12 to 121 months after orchidectomy. Progression occurred in the retroperitoneum in 25 of 37 patients who developed further disease on surveillance. The presence of vascular invasion in the primary tumor was predictive of an increased risk of progression. CONCLUSION Surveillance is a valid alternative to immediate retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in patients with clinical stage I NSGCTT but should be recommended only under the close supervision of physicians experienced in the diagnosis and treatment of testicular cancer.

Accuracy of clinical staging in stage I and IIa/b testicular nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT) and implications on survival.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e17058-e17058
Author(s):  
Arnav Srivastava ◽  
Hiren V. Patel ◽  
Sinae Kim ◽  
Isaac Kim ◽  
Eric A. Singer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumors

e17058 Background: Clinical stage (CS) dictates treatment in men with testicular cancer and its inaccuracy may affect clinical outcome. We evaluate the accuracy of clinical staging in men with CS I and CS IIA/B NSGCT and explore the implications of inaccurate staging on overall survival. Methods: Using the National Cancer Database (NCDB), we abstracted all patients with clinical Stage I-IIB NSGCT who received a primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) from 2004 to 2014. Primary RPLND was defined as RPLND performed for CS I-IIB patients without prior chemotherapy. CS was cross-tabulated with pathologic nodal staging data. Survival for patients who were accurately staged (CS I patients with pN0 disease, CS IIA patients with pN1 disease) and for CS I patients found to have pN+ disease was determined using the Kaplan Meier method. Results: 1,639 CS I-IIB patients underwent primary RPLND. Among CS I patients, 23% had upstaging of disease (pN1-3), of which 13.9%, 8%, and 1.1% were pN1, pN2, and pN3, respectively (Table). Pathologic N1-3 disease was higher in CS IB vs. CS IA patients (35.1% vs 14.2%, respectively). Of CS IIA patients, 23.1% had pN0 disease, while 44.8%, 13.4%, and 1.3% had pN1, pN2, and pN3 disease, respectively. At a median follow-up of 56.3 months, mortality rates for CS I patients who had pN1, pN2, and pN3 disease were 2.8%, 4%, and 9.1%, respectively, and < 1% for men with pN0 disease. 10-year overall survival for CS1 patients was significantly less favorable if upstaged to pN2 or pN3 disease after RPLND vs. pN0 or pN1. Conclusions: Nearly a quarter of patients with CS I NSGCT are under-staged and are found to have pN1-3 after RPLND. Nodal disease burden is associated with survival. Novel imaging techniques and biomarkers are needed to improve the sensitivity of detecting NSGCT. [Table: see text]

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