scholarly journals Organophosphate Nerve Agent Detection with Europium Complexes

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 948-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake R. Schwierking ◽  
Laird W. Menzel ◽  
E. Roland Menzel
Keyword(s):  
Model Compound ◽  
Nerve Agents ◽  
Nerve Agent ◽  
Luminescence Quenching ◽  
Europium Complexes ◽  
Luminescence Enhancement ◽  
Europium Luminescence ◽  
Ultraviolet Lamp

We explore the detection of paraoxon, a model compound for nonvolatile organophosphate nerve agents such as VX. The detection utilizes europium complexes with 1,10 phenanthroline and thenoyltrifluoroacetone as sensitizing ligands. Both europium luminescence quenching and luminescence enhancement modalities are involved in the detection, which is simple, rapid, and sensitive. It is adaptable as well to the more volatile fluorophosphate nerve agents. It involves nothing more than visual luminescence observation under sample illumination by an ordinary hand-held ultraviolet lamp.

scholarly journals A Photoluminescence-Based Field Method for Detection of Traces of Explosives

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 725-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Roland Menzel ◽  
Laird W. Menzel ◽  
Jake R. Schwierking
Keyword(s):  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Field Method ◽  
Europium Complexes ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Europium Luminescence ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Detection Mode ◽  
532 Nm ◽  
Sensitivity Gain

We report a photoluminescence-based field method for detecting traces of explosives. In its standard version, the method utilizes a commercially available color spot test kit for treating explosive traces on filter paper after swabbing. The colored products are fluorescent under illumination with a laser that operates on three C-size flashlight batteries and delivers light at 532 nm. In the fluorescence detection mode, by visual inspection, the typical sensitivity gain is a factor of 100. The method is applicable to a wide variety of explosives. In its time-resolved version, intended forin situwork, explosives are tagged with europium complexes. Instrumentation-wise, the time-resolved detection, again visual, can be accomplished in facile fashion. The europium luminescence excitation utilizes a laser operating at 355 nm. We demonstrate the feasibility of CdSe quantum dot sensitization of europium luminescence for time-resolved purposes. This would allow the use of the above 532 nm laser.

scholarly journals Binding thiourea derivatives with dimethyl methylphosphonate for sensing nerve agents

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (19) ◽  
pp. 10693-10701 ◽  
Author(s):  
You Kyoung Chung ◽  
Seonggyun Ha ◽  
Tae Gyun Woo ◽  
Young Dok Kim ◽  
Changsik Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Agents ◽  
Nerve Agent ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
Dimethyl Methylphosphonate ◽  
Thiourea Derivatives

Binding energies and geometries of 1 : 1 complexes formed between nerve agent simulant DMMP and 13 thiourea derivatives (TUn) were calculated and compared with the sensing efficiencies of TUn from QCM analysis.

Handy ratiometric detection of gaseous nerve agents with AIE-fluorophore-based solid test strips

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (42) ◽  
pp. 10105-10110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuailing Huang ◽  
Yinglong Wu ◽  
Fang Zeng ◽  
Lihe Sun ◽  
Shuizhu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Detection ◽  
Nerve Agents ◽  
Nerve Agent ◽  
Paper Strip ◽  
Test Strips ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Ratiometric Detection

The first AIE-probe based paper-strip sensor for rapid and point-of-use fluorescence detection of a gaseous nerve agent mimic has been developed.

Europium luminescence enhancement in Al2O3:Eu3+ powders prepared by direct combustion synthesis

2007 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 036102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikifor Rakov ◽  
Glauco S. Maciel ◽  
Whualkuer Lozano B. ◽  
Cid B. de Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Synthesis ◽  
Luminescence Enhancement ◽  
Europium Luminescence ◽  
Direct Combustion

scholarly journals Cyclodextrines as Functional Agents for Decontamination of the Skin Contaminated by Nerve Agents

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Cabal ◽  
Kamil Kuča ◽  
Lucie Ševelová-Bartošová ◽  
Vlastimil Dohnal
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Nerve Agents ◽  
Nerve Agent ◽  
Rat Skin ◽  
Decontamination Solutions

Three decontamination solutions of β-cyclodextrines were prepared. Their abilities to decontamine rat skin contamined with nerve agent soman were tested. Decontamination efficacy of the tested cyclodextrine solutions was compared with the same decontamination means but without the cyclodextrines. The efficacy of tested decontaminants was evaluated by the assessment of the ID50 values. Two decontamination prescriptions with cyclodextrines (tetraborate buffer and tetraborate buffer with acetone) do not show significantly better decontamination efficacies in comparison with prescriptions without cyclodextrines. Only in case of aqueous solution of 2–aminoethanol the addition of β-cyclodextrine resulted in significant increase (32%) in decontamination efficacy.

Early diagnosis of nerve agent exposure with a mobile test kit and implications for medical countermeasures: a trigger to react

2020 ◽  
Vol 166 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-102
Author(s):  
Timo Wille ◽  
Snezana Djordjević ◽  
Franz Worek ◽  
Horst Thiermann ◽  
Slavica Vučinić
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Nerve Agents ◽  
Nerve Agent ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Chemical Weapon ◽  
Therapeutic Success ◽  
Bche Activity ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Medical Countermeasures

Recent uses of nerve agents underline the need of early diagnosis as trigger to react (initiating medical countermeasures, avoiding cross-contamination). As organophosphorus (OP) pesticide poisoning exerts the same pathomechanism, that is, inhibition of the pivotal enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), a portable cholinesterase (ChE) test kit was applied in an emergency room for rapid diagnosis of OP poisoning. OP nerve agents or pesticides result in the inhibition of AChE. As AChE is also expressed on erythrocytes, patient samples are easily available. However, in most clinics only determination of plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is established which lacks a pathophysiological correlate, shows higher variability in the population and behaves different regarding inhibition by OP and reactivation by oximes. The ChE test kit helped to diagnose atypical cases of OP poisoning, for example, missing of typical muscarinic symptoms, and resulted in administration of pralidoxime, the oxime used in Serbia. The ChE test kit also allows an initial assessment whether an oxime therapy is successful. In one case report, AChE activity increased after oxime administration indicating therapeutic success whereas BChE activity did not. With only BChE at hand, this therapeutic effect would have been missed. As inhibition of AChE or BChE activity is determined, the CE-certified device is a global diagnostic tool for all ChE inhibitors including carbamates which might also be misused as chemical weapon. The ChE test kit is a helpful point-of-care device for the diagnosis of ChE inhibitor poisoning. Its small size and easy menu-driven use advocate procurement where nerve agent and OP pesticide exposure are possible.

CdAg Alloy@Polymer dots of Biginelli Polyamide for Highly Sensitive and Selective Recognition of Nerve Agent mimic in an Aqueous and Vapor phase

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manpreet Kaur ◽  
Navneet Kaur ◽  
Narinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Nerve Agents ◽  
Nerve Agent ◽  
Selective Recognition ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Polymer Dots

In today’s world, toxic nerve agents pose a significant threat to humankind and their detection methodology requires an advanced, facile, desirable method that must be quickly responding, handy and economic....

Chromogenic and fluorogenic multianalyte detection with a tuned receptor: refining selectivity for toxic anions and nerve agents

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (64) ◽  
pp. 59648-59656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
Hemlata Rana ◽  
G. Raviraju ◽  
Prabhat Garg ◽  
Anuradha Baghel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Agents ◽  
Nerve Agent ◽  
Chemical Probe ◽  
Multianalyte Detection

In the present study, a chemical probe was finely tuned for the highly selective and sensitive chromogenic and fluorogenic detection of toxic anions and a nerve agent.

Future Considerations for the Medical Management of Nerve-Agent Intoxication

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pål Aas
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Nerve Agents ◽  
Nerve Agent ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Weapons Of Mass Destruction ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
International Conflicts ◽  
Mass Destruction ◽  
The World ◽  
Warfare Agents

AbstractThe use of chemical warfare agents against civilians and unprotected troops in international conflicts or by terrorists against civilians is considered to be a real threat, particularly following the terrorist attacks on 11 September 2001 against the World Trade Center in New York and against the Pentagon in Washington, DC. Over the past 10 years, terrorists have been planning to use or have used chemical warfare agents on several occasions around the world, and the attacks in 2001 illustrate their willingness to use any means of warfare to cause death and destruction among civilians. In spite of new international treaties with strong verification measures and with an aim to prohibit and prevent the use of weapons of mass destruction, nevertheless, some countries and terrorist groups have been able to develop, produce, and use such weapons, particularly nerve agents, in domestic terrorist attacks or during warfare in international conflicts. This article reviews current medical therapy for nerve-agent intoxication and discusses possible future improvement of medical therapies.Present medical counter-measures against nerve agents are not sufficiently effective particularly in protecting the brain. Therefore, new and more effective countermeasures must be developed to enable better medical treatment of civilians and military personnel following exposure to nerve agents. Therefore, it is important with an enhanced effort by all countries, to improve and increase research in medical countermeasures, in the development of protective equipment, and in carrying out regular training of medical and emergency personnel as well as of military nuclear, biological, or chemical (NBC) units. Only then will nations be able to reduce the risk from and prevent the use of such weapons of mass destruction (WMD).

Nanoscavenger provides long-term prophylactic protection against nerve agents in rodents

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (473) ◽  
pp. eaau7091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Erik J. Liu ◽  
Caroline Tsao ◽  
Shane A. Kasten ◽  
Michael V. Boeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Profile ◽  
Nerve Agents ◽  
Nerve Agent ◽  
Prophylactic Administration ◽  
Guinea Pig Model ◽  
Effective Drugs ◽  
Scavenging Efficiency

Nerve agents are a class of organophosphorus compounds (OPs) that blocks communication between nerves and organs. Because of their acute neurotoxicity, it is extremely difficult to rescue the victims after exposure. Numerous efforts have been devoted to search for an effective prophylactic nerve agent bioscavenger to prevent the deleterious effects of these compounds. However, low scavenging efficiency, unfavorable pharmacokinetics, and immunological problems have hampered the development of effective drugs. Here, we report the development and testing of a nanoparticle-based nerve agent bioscavenger (nanoscavenger) that showed long-term protection against OP intoxication in rodents. The nanoscavenger, which catalytically breaks down toxic OP compounds, showed a good pharmacokinetic profile and negligible immune response in a rat model of OP intoxication. In vivo administration of the nanoscavenger before or after OP exposure in animal models demonstrated protective and therapeutic efficacy. In a guinea pig model, a single prophylactic administration of the nanoscavenger effectively prevented lethality after multiple sarin exposures over a 1-week period. Our results suggest that the prophylactic administration of the nanoscavenger might be effective in preventing the toxic effects of OP exposure in humans.

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