Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Glycoprotein K8.1 is Dispensable for Viral Entry

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael E. Luna ◽  
Fuchun Zhou ◽  
Abolgashem Baghian ◽  
Vladimir Chouljenko ◽  
Bagher Forghani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Entry ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus

scholarly journals Focal Adhesion Kinase Is Critical for Entry of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus into Target Cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 1167-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harinivas H. Krishnan ◽  
Neelam Sharma-Walia ◽  
Daniel N. Streblow ◽  
Pramod P. Naranatt ◽  
Bala Chandran
Keyword(s):  
Focal Adhesion Kinase ◽  
Focal Adhesion ◽  
Viral Entry ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Viral Dna ◽  
Kshv Infection ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus

ABSTRACT Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus/human herpesvirus 8 (KSHV/HHV-8) interacts with cell surface α3β1 integrin early during in vitro infection of human endothelial cells and fibroblasts and activates the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) that is immediately downstream in the outside-in signaling pathway by integrins, leading to the activation of several downstream signaling molecules. In this study, using real-time DNA and reverse transcription-PCR assays to measure total internalized viral DNA, viral DNA associated with infected nuclei, and viral gene expression, we examined the stage of infection at which FAK plays the most significant role. Early during KSHV infection, FAK was phosphorylated in FAK-positive Du17 mouse embryonic fibroblasts. The absence of FAK in Du3 (FAK−/−) cells resulted in about 70% reduction in the internalization of viral DNA, suggesting that FAK plays a role in KSHV entry. Expression of FAK in Du3 (FAK−/−) cells via an adenovirus vector augmented the internalization of viral DNA. Expression of the FAK dominant-negative mutant FAK-related nonkinase (FRNK) in Du17 cells significantly reduced the entry of virus. Virus entry in Du3 cells, albeit in reduced quantity, delivery of viral DNA to the infected cell nuclei, and expression of KSHV genes suggested that in the absence of FAK, another molecule(s) may be partially compensating for FAK function. Infection of Du3 cells induced the phosphorylation of the FAK-related proline-rich tyrosine kinase (Pyk2) molecule, which has been shown to complement some of the functions of FAK. Expression of an autophosphorylation site mutant of Pyk2 in which Y402 is mutated to F (F402 Pyk2) reduced viral entry in Du3 cells, suggesting that Pyk2 facilitates viral entry moderately in the absence of FAK. These results suggest a critical role for KSHV infection-induced FAK in the internalization of viral DNA into target cells.

scholarly journals Host and Viral Proteins in the Virion of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 4952-4964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill T. Bechtel ◽  
Richard C. Winant ◽  
Don Ganem
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Viral Entry ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus

ABSTRACT Infection of cultured cells with Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) typically establishes a latent infection, in which only a few viral genes are expressed. Recently, it has been reported that a subset of lytic genes are transiently expressed very early after viral entry but that this burst of abortive lytic gene expression is terminated with the supervention of latency (H. H. Krishnan, P. P. Naranatt, M. S. Smith, L. Zeng, C. Bloomer, and B. Chandran, J. Virol. 78:3601-3620, 2004). To identify molecules imported into cells by KSHV that might influence this gene expression program, we have examined the protein composition of the KSHV particle. Immunoblotting of virus particles demonstrated that RTA, the lytic switch protein, and RAP, a viral protein that is a transcriptional and cell cycle modulator, were both incorporated into virus particles. In a second approach, polypeptides isolated from purified virions were identified by mass-spectrometric analysis of their constituent tryptic peptides. With this approach we were able to identify 18 major virion proteins, including structural, regulatory, and signaling proteins of both viral and cellular origin.

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