scholarly journals East African Highland Malaria Resurgence Independent of Climate Change

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 82-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon I. Hay ◽  
Jonathan Cox ◽  
David J. Rogers ◽  
Sarah E. Randolph ◽  
David I. Stern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
East African ◽  
Highland Malaria

ICDP PROJECT DEEPCHALLA: RECONSTRUCTING ~250,000 YEARS OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY ON THE EAST AFRICAN EQUATOR

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Verschuren ◽  
◽  
Maarten Van Daele ◽  
Chris Wolff ◽  
Nicholas Waldmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
East African

scholarly journals Epidemic malaria and warmer temperatures in recent decades in an East African highland

2010 ◽  
Vol 278 (1712) ◽  
pp. 1661-1669 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Alonso ◽  
Menno J. Bouma ◽  
Mercedes Pascual
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Nonlinear Response ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
East African ◽  
Highly Nonlinear ◽  
The Impact

Climate change impacts on malaria are typically assessed with scenarios for the long-term future. Here we focus instead on the recent past (1970–2003) to address whether warmer temperatures have already increased the incidence of malaria in a highland region of East Africa. Our analyses rely on a new coupled mosquito–human model of malaria, which we use to compare projected disease levels with and without the observed temperature trend. Predicted malaria cases exhibit a highly nonlinear response to warming, with a significant increase from the 1970s to the 1990s, although typical epidemic sizes are below those observed. These findings suggest that climate change has already played an important role in the exacerbation of malaria in this region. As the observed changes in malaria are even larger than those predicted by our model, other factors previously suggested to explain all of the increase in malaria may be enhancing the impact of climate change.

scholarly journals Climate change and the resurgence of malaria in the East African highlands

Nature ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 415 (6874) ◽  
pp. 905-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon I. Hay ◽  
Jonathan Cox ◽  
David J. Rogers ◽  
Sarah E. Randolph ◽  
David I. Stern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
East African ◽  
African Highlands ◽  
East African Highlands

East African climate change and orbital forcing during the last 175 kyr BP

2003 ◽  
Vol 206 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 297-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin H. Trauth ◽  
Alan L. Deino ◽  
Andreas G.N. Bergner ◽  
Manfred R. Strecker
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Orbital Forcing ◽  
East African ◽  
African Climate

scholarly journals Changes in northeast African hydrology and vegetation associated with Pliocene–Pleistocene sapropel cycles

2016 ◽  
Vol 371 (1698) ◽  
pp. 20150243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassaundra Rose ◽  
Pratigya J. Polissar ◽  
Jessica E. Tierney ◽  
Timothy Filley ◽  
Peter B. deMenocal
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
East African ◽  
Major Transitions ◽  
Tropical Oceans ◽  
Lignin Phenols ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Isotopic Analyses ◽  
Phenol Composition

East African climate change since the Late Miocene consisted of persistent shorter-term, orbital-scale wet–dry cycles superimposed upon a long-term trend towards more open, grassy landscapes. Either or both of these modes of palaeoclimate variability may have influenced East African mammalian evolution, yet the interrelationship between these secular and orbital palaeoclimate signals remains poorly understood. Here, we explore whether the long-term secular climate change was also accompanied by significant changes at the orbital-scale. We develop northeast African hydroclimate and vegetation proxy data for two 100 kyr-duration windows near 3.05 and 1.75 Ma at ODP Site 967 in the eastern Mediterranean basin, where sedimentation is dominated by eastern Sahara dust input and Nile River run-off. These two windows were selected because they have comparable orbital configurations and bracket an important increase in East African C 4 grasslands. We conducted high-resolution (2.5 kyr sampling) multiproxy biomarker, H- and C-isotopic analyses of plant waxes and lignin phenols to document orbital-scale changes in hydrology, vegetation and woody cover for these two intervals. Both intervals are dominated by large-amplitude, precession-scale (approx. 20 kyr) changes in northeast African vegetation and rainfall/run-off. The δ 13 C wax values and lignin phenol composition record a variable but consistently C 4 grass-dominated ecosystem for both intervals (50–80% C 4 ). Precessional δD wax cycles were approximately 20–30‰ in peak-to-peak amplitude, comparable with other δD wax records of the Early Holocene African Humid Period. There were no significant differences in the means or variances of the δD wax or δ 13 C wax data for the 3.05 and 1.75 Ma intervals studied, suggesting that the palaeohydrology and palaeovegetation responses to precessional forcing were similar for these two periods. Data for these two windows suggest that the eastern Sahara did not experience the significant increase in C 4 vegetation that has been observed in East Africa over this time period. This observation would be consistent with a proposed mechanism whereby East African precipitation is reduced, and drier conditions established, in response to the emergence of modern zonal sea surface temperature gradients in the tropical oceans between 3 and 2 Ma. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Major transitions in human evolution’.

Climate Change and Highland Malaria: Fresh Air for a Hot Debate

2010 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Fernando Chaves ◽  
Constantianus J. M. Koenraadt
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Highland Malaria
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