scholarly journals An Internet-Based Simulation Model for Nitrogen Management in Agricultural Settings

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 728-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Shaffer ◽  
B.J. Newton ◽  
C.M. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Modeling ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Fate And Transport ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
N Transformations ◽  
Early Implementation ◽  
Crop Field ◽  
Analysis Package

Complex chemical, physical, and biological processes mediate nitrogen (N) transformations and movement during agricultural production, making the optimization of fertilizer use and environmental protection exceedingly difficult. Various computer models have been developed to simulate the site-specific fate and transport of N resulting from different crop production scenarios, but these models are very complex and difficult to use for most farmers, consultants, and conservationists. In an effort to facilitate access and simplify the use of sophisticated models, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has developed an Internet-based nitrogen analysis tool. Based on the Nitrate Leaching and Economic Analysis Package (NLEAP), the Web site allows a user to conduct multiyear N simulation modeling specific to a crop field. Servers handle much of the required data assembly and formatting, thus sparing the user�s resources. Model runs are executed on the servers and the results are transmitted to the user. This new tool is presented along with early implementation results.

Assessment of Irrigation Quality of Disposal Water of Ashuganj-Polash Agro-Irrigation Project, Brahmanbaria Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
ABDUR RAZZAK ◽  
PARSA SANJANA ◽  
BELAL HOSSAIN ◽  
DEBJIT ROY ◽  
BIDHAN CHANDRA NATH
Keyword(s):  
Soil Sample ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Chemistry Laboratory ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Irrigation Project ◽  
Crop Field ◽  
Initial Soil

The study was conducted at Ashuganj-Polash agro-irrigation project (APAIP), Brahmanbaria,aim to determine the chemical properties of power plant disposal water and to assess its suitability for irrigation. Initial soil samples (before irrigating crop field) and final soil samples (after crop harvesting) were collected. During irrigation ten water samples (six from crop field and four from irrigation canals) were collected for analysis. All soil samples were analyzed in Humboldt soil testing laboratory and water samples in bio-chemistry laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University and compared to FAO irrigation standard. Results show thatthe sodium absorption ratio (SAR) (0.53 to 0.88), residual sodium bi-carbonate (0.8 to 1.3meq L-1), Kelly’s ratio (0.31 to 0.6) and total hardness (85 to 150) found in normal range and largely suitable for irrigation. Soluble sodium percentage values found in satisfactory (20.26 to 41.1) level and magnesium absorption (57.1 to 76.4) found unsuitable for irrigation. Statistically similar value of pH, EC, total nitrogen, organic carbon, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in initial and final soil sample were observed. But potassium and sulfur value reduced in final soil sample from initial soil. The water samples fall within the permissible limit and found suitable for crop production

Manganese as a Micronutrient in Agriculture: Crop Requirement and Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 225-242
Author(s):  
MH Rashed ◽  
TS Hoque ◽  
MMR Jahangir ◽  
MA Hashem
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Nutrient Elements ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Critical Levels ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Safe Environment ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Cell Compartments ◽  
Manganese Uptake

Manganese (Mn) as an essential plant micronutrient affects plant development, when at deficient or toxic levels. Manganese is used in several biological processes as an important contributor in plant growth and development. Manganese uptake depends on forms of Mn in soil solution, crop characteristics including growth rate, and ineteractions with other environmental factors. Its distribution in soils and requirement for crops vary from location to location, depending on soil type and reactions. Despite the metabolic roles of Mn in different plant cell compartments, the importance of Mn requirement in plants, distribution in soils and application to crops has been understated. As a micronutrient, judicious Mn management requires to critically evaluating its concentration in soils, biochemical functions, critical levels, soil availability and interactions with other nutrient elements is essential. This review has critically analysed the existing body of knowledge on Mn distribution in soils, dynamics, functions and management towards better crop production and safe environment. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 12(1&2): 225-242, 2019

scholarly journals Making managerial decisions in the agrarian management through the use of ABC-Analysis tool

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Nuzhna ◽  
Nataliia Tluchkevych ◽  
Nataliia Semenyshena ◽  
Kateryna Nahirska ◽  
Irina Sadovska
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Activity Based Costing ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Material Costs ◽  
Abc Analysis

 The current paper is focused on material resources as a controlling factor in crop production. It has been found that according to the analysis of crop production expenditures in agricultural enterprises of Ukraine an expense structure consists of approximately 70% of material costs. In this regard, the ABC-analysis is utilized with the aim to determine the items of material expenses that significantly affect the cost and consequently the process of operational management for making decisions. The findings of the ABC-analysis of material expenditures for crop production in terms of elements at Ukrainian agricultural enterprises made it possible to determine the types of control (systematic, periodic, selective) that should be applied for different cost groups focusing on the most significant items of the material expenses. Expenditures are classified according to the stages of the technological process and types of the technology for crop cultivation, allowing to control the scope of production costs at each stage of crops growing. These stages can be the basis for the application in the system of cost management of Activity Based Costing model. It is proposed to apply the operational control of material costs through the budgeting system in the agrarian management. It plays a leading role in the management system providing the process of managerial decisions making with the operative information about the actual indicators of material costs and their deviations. A form fragment of a flexible budget on material expenditures for winter wheat production has been elaborated. The enterprise managers can make operational, current and strategic management decisions and, consequently, influence the change of material resources, adjusting them to the technological processes stages in production and sales of goods, works and services based on the proposed form of a budget.

scholarly journals Influence of ecological parameters on the incidence aphid population in different potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars

2020 ◽  
pp. 405-409
Author(s):  
BIPLAB KAHAR
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Aphid Population ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Crop Field ◽  
Collective Influence

In a field trial, thirteen potato cultivars were evaluated for the incidence of aphids, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Aphis gossypii Glover (Aphididae: Hemiptera) during rabi seasons from 2015-2016 to 2017-2018 at District Seed Farm, Department of Agriculture, Burdwan, West Bengal. Results revealed that initiation of aphid population was noticed in the crop field on or before 51st meteorological standard week (3rd week of December) with the peak at 7th MSW (3rd week of February). However, the level of aphid population was not similar in all the potato cultivars. Though the aphid population in all the cultivars decreased gradually after the peak, the attainment of a higher population differs over the duration. In general, a positive significant correlation of aphid populations was recorded with maximum, minimum temperature, and bright sunshine hours while maximum and minimum humidity had a negative correlation. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that maximum temperature had a significant influence on population fluctuation of aphid. Besides, collective influence (61.8% to 76.5%) of all the abiotic factors on the aphid population was also recorded from adjusted R2 (0.618 to 0.765) in different potatocultivars.

scholarly journals Pesticide Residues on Fruits and Vegetables from Ontario, Canada, 1991–1995

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian D Ripley ◽  
Linda I Lissemore ◽  
Pamela D Leishman ◽  
Mary Anne Denommé ◽  
Leonard Ritter
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Vegetable Samples ◽  
Azinphos Methyl ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Data Program ◽  
Goals And Objectives

Abstract For the 5-year period 1991 to 1995, 1536 vegetable and 802 fruit samples were analyzed. The purpose of this study was to determine if pesticides were present on Ontario-produced fruits and vegetables, and if so, to determine if residues violated maximum residue limits (MRLs). Overall, 31.5% of the samples had no detectable pesticide residues, whereas 68.5% contained one or more residues. Most of the residues were present at very low concentrations; 48% of the detections were <0.1 parts per million (ppm), and 86% were <1 ppm. However, violations of MRL were observed in only 3.2% of the vegetable samples and 3.1% of the fruit samples. In addition, 4.8% of the samples contained a “technical” violation, that is, there was no specified MRL for the pesticide–commodity combination and the residues exceeded 0.1 ppm. Of the detectable residues, 63% were <10% of the MRL, whereas 89% were <50% of the MRL. More fruit samples (91.4%) had a detectable residue, compared with vegetable samples (56.6%). Fruit is often treated close to harvest or post harvest to ensure that wholesome produce reaches the consumer. Forty-six percent of the samples contained 2 or more residues, and 2% of all samples had more than 5 different pesticides detected; fruit samples tended to have more multiple residues. The most frequently found pesticides were captan, the dithiocarbamate fungicides, endosulfan, azinphos-methyl, phosmet, parathion, and iprodione. These pesticides were also used in the greatest quantity for crop production. Overall, the data agree fairly closely with those reported for the U.S. Department of Agriculture Pesticide Data Program because the 2 programs have similar analytical goals and objectives.

Abstract MP57: Pathway and Network Analysis of GWAS reveals Novel Candidate Causal Links between Key Biological Processes and Coronary Artery Disease

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Themistocles L Assimes ◽  
Sujoy Ghosh ◽  
Juan Vivar ◽  
Ayellet V Segrè ◽  
Ville-Petteri Mäkinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Axonal Guidance ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Biological Knowledge ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Artery Disease

Genome-wide association (GWA) studies have identified multiple genetic variants affecting the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, for most of these variants the causal biological mechanisms remain unclear. By integrating GWA data with prior biological knowledge about pathways and functional networks, we sought to obtain novel insights into the causal processes of CAD. Using the iGSEA4GWAS analysis tool and the Reactome pathway database, we carried out a two-stage gene set enrichment analysis strategy. From a discovery cohort of seven large GWAS data sets for CAD (n=9,889 cases, 11,089 controls), nominally significant gene-sets were tested for replication in a meta-analysis of nine additional studies (n=15,502 cases, 55,730 controls) that were part of the CARDIoGRAM Consortium. A total of 32 of the 639 pathways tested representing 22 distinct biological processes showed convincing association with CAD (replication p< 0.05). After adjusting for redundancies by removing pathways with 50% or greater identity with other pathways, 19 pathways representing 9 biological processes remained including those relevant to Notch signaling, extracellular matrix integrity, innate immunity, and lipid metabolism. Network analysis of 751 unique genes within replicated pathways further revealed several interconnected functional modules representing novel associations (semaphorin regulated axonal guidance pathway) as well as confirmatory known processes (lipid metabolism). Our analyses point to potentially novel causal associations between CAD and several biological processes, many of which were not previously linked to CAD. These findings improve our understanding of the biological basis of CAD and highlight potential novel therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Crop Production Using the Farm Energy Analysis Tool

BioScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo G. T. Camargo ◽  
Matthew R. Ryan ◽  
Tom L. Richard
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Gas Emissions

scholarly journals Agricultural Robotics for Field Operations

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spyros Fountas ◽  
Nikos Mylonas ◽  
Ioannis Malounas ◽  
Efthymios Rodias ◽  
Christoph Hellmann Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Agricultural Robots ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Crop Field ◽  
Agricultural Robotics ◽  
Product Interaction

Modern agriculture is related to a revolution that occurred in a large group of technologies (e.g., informatics, sensors, navigation) within the last decades. In crop production systems, there are field operations that are quite labour-intensive either due to their complexity or because of the fact that they are connected to sensitive plants/edible product interaction, or because of the repetitiveness they require throughout a crop production cycle. These are the key factors for the development of agricultural robots. In this paper, a systematic review of the literature has been conducted on research and commercial agricultural robotics used in crop field operations. This study underlined that the most explored robotic systems were related to harvesting and weeding, while the less studied were the disease detection and seeding robots. The optimization and further development of agricultural robotics are vital, and should be evolved by producing faster processing algorithms, better communication between the robotic platforms and the implements, and advanced sensing systems.

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