scholarly journals Trends and Social Differences in Alcohol Consumption during the Postcommunist Transition in Lithuania

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurate Klumbiene ◽  
Darius Kalasauskas ◽  
Janina Petkeviciene ◽  
Aurelijus Veryga ◽  
Edita Sakyte
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
Alcohol Control ◽  
Regular Consumption ◽  
Postcommunist Transition ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Further Development

The aim of the study was to evaluate the trends and social differences in consumption of various types of alcoholic beverages in Lithuania over the postcommunist transition period (1994–2010). The data were obtained from nine nationally representative postal surveys of Lithuanian population aged 20–64 conducted every second year (n=17154). Prevalence of regular (at least once a week) consumption of beer, wine, or strong alcoholic beverages and the amount of alcohol consumed per week were examined. Regular beer drinking as well as the amounts consumed increased considerably in both genders. The increase in regular consumption of strong alcohol was found among women. Sociodemographic patterning of regular alcohol drinking was more evident in women than in men. In women, young age and high education were associated with frequent regular drinking of wine and beer. Social differences in regular alcohol drinking should be considered in further development of national alcohol control policy in Lithuania.

A scale of formal alcohol control policy in 15 European countries

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 117-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Karlsson ◽  
Esa Österberg
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
High Alcohol ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Alcohol Control ◽  
The One

Thomas Karlsson & Esa Österberg: A scale of formal alcohol control policy in 15 European countries As part of the alcohol control policy analysis of the ECAS project, this article reviews and discusses previous attempts to measure the strictness of alcohol control policies and to conduct a similar analysis in the ECAS countries. Based on the knowledge gathered from previous studies, we have created a scale of our own to measure the strictness of alcohol control policies and have applied it to the countries included in the ECAS project. The scales reviewed in this article and the scale we have constructed only measure the strictness of formal alcohol control. Drawing on the results of the ECAS scale, it seems that formal alcohol control in the EU member states has become stricter during the second half of the twentieth century. In the 1950s only three of the 15 countries were classified as having “high alcohol control”. In the year 2000 the number of high alcohol control countries had increased to six. The number of countries with low alcohol control had decreased from nine to zero between 1950 and 2000. Comparing the scores in the different countries or the average scores in all the ECAS countries over time is, however, problematic because the changes in these numbers reflect two different trends. On the one hand, there has been a decrease in the control of production and sales of alcoholic beverages or the regulation on alcohol availability. On the other hand, alcohol control measures targeted at demand or alcohol-related problems have become more prevalent. This means that alcohol control policies have become more similar in the ECAS countries in the second half of the twentieth century. Because of the limitations of the scale, however, we have to make certain reservations about the results and be very careful not to draw too far-reaching conclusions based solely on the results and rankings on the ECAS scale or any other scale for that matter. The scale and the results should therefore be considered as yet another attempt to quantify and rank alcohol control policies according to their strictness and not as an attempt to provide a perfect solution to a mission impossible.

An Alcohol Policy in the European Union?

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 264-267
Author(s):  
M.J. Van Iwaarden
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
European Union ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Alcohol Policy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Alcohol Control ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
The World

Although the production and consumption of alcoholic beverages in Europe ranks among the highest in the world, resulting in many social and public health problems, measures to create an EU level alcohol control policy are yet to be made. Alcoholic beverages are currently regarded mainly as one product among many other products and the related restrictions are, for the most part, market oriented. The Nordic Countries, the author argues, cannot therefore expect much from EU as regards alcohol policy. Rather, he concludes, it is the other way around. However, Article 129 of the Treaty of Maastricht could perhaps form the basis for a general EU health policy.

Regular consumption of red meat and health behaviors in the Brazilian population

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
D de Assumpção ◽  
S M Álvares Domene ◽  
A M Pita Ruiz ◽  
P M Stolses Bergamo Francisco
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unhealthy Eating ◽  
Regular Consumption

Abstract Background The consumption of red meat should not surpass 500 g of cooked weight per week. Regular consumption can exceed this recommendation, increasing the risk of chronic diseases. Objective Estimate the prevalence of the regular consumption of red meat according to health behaviors in Brazilian adults (≥18 years). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with data from the 2013 National Health Survey, which is a household inquiry with a representative sample of the population ≥18 years of age. The regular consumption of red meat (beef, pork, goat) was defined as ≥ 5 days/week. Prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated according to health behaviors (healthy and unhealthy eating patterns, smoking, practice of physical activity during leisure and alcohol intake). Results A total of 60,202 adults were interviewed, 52.9% of whom were women and mean age was 42.9 years (95%CI: 42.6-43.2). The prevalence of regular red meat consumption was 36.7% (95%CI: 36.0-37.5) and was higher among those who ingested soft drinks/artificial juice (PR = 1.08) and sweets (PR = 1.05) ≥3 days/week, ingested beans (PR = 1.07) and raw vegetables (PR = 1.03) ≥5 days/week, ingested fatty meat (PR = 1.09), smokers (PR = 1.05), individuals who were inactive during leisure (PR = 1.04) and those who consumed alcohol ≥2 times/week (PR = 1.06). The prevalence was lower among those who ate fruit (PR = 0.99) and chicken (PR = 0.95) ≥5 days/week, those who ate fish (PR = 0.90) at least 1 day/week and those who drank no fat/low fat milk rather than whole milk. Conclusions The regular consumption of red meat was higher among individuals who ingested unhealthy foods more often, those who ingested fatty meat, smokers, those who ingested alcoholic beverages and those who did not practice physical activity. Actions are needed to reduce the frequency of red meat consumption. Key messages Regular consumption of red meat can exceed the recommendation of 500 g of cooked weight per week. The regular consumption of red meat was associated with the more frequent ingestion of unhealthy foods and fatty meat.

Alcohol and Primary Prevention in Scotland and Sweden

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 31-60
Author(s):  
Håkan Leifman
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Primary Alcohol ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Alcohol Prevention ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Alcohol Control ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Private Profit ◽  
Temperance Movements ◽  
Restrictive Legislation

This study compares primary alcohol prevention in Scotland and Sweden and the effectiveness of preventive actions with special reference to developments from the mid- or late 1970s when alcohol consumption peaked in both countries and when changes were made in their alcohol policies. A short historical overview shows many similarities between the countries, e.g. strong prohibition-oriented temperance movements, a history of alcohol (spirits) abuse and restrictive legislation. A major difference is the much more dominating role of private profit motives in Scottish alcohol trade. During the last 15-20 years, the two countries have chosen different strategies to prevent alcohol-related problems. Sweden has put heavy emphasis on restricting the availability of alcohol but also invested substantially in information, whereas Scotland has concentrated on the latter. A comparison of the trends during the last 15-20 years suggests that whereas Swedish alcohol control reduced the level of alcohol consumption and related problems in the late 1970s and early 1980s, the Scottish did not, even though the upward trend was broken for most indicators. The drinking sensible message has not been powerful enough to reduce the number of non-sensible drinkers. In fact, a continuing upward trend of liver cirrhosis deaths in Scotland, especially for women, may suggest the opposite. The study also shows that, despite rather stable overall consumption for the last 10 years, the specific alcohol-related problem of drinking and driving has been decreasing in both countries. This indicates that even if consumption increases in the future, as is likely in Sweden due to current changes in alcohol control policy, drinking in specific contexts may still be preventable.

scholarly journals Effect of some Nigerian traditional alcoholic beverages on the estrous cycle and histological assessment of the ovaries and uterus of albino rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 027-036
Author(s):  
Olusayo Moritiwon ◽  
Timothy Olugbenga Ogundeko ◽  
James Bitrus ◽  
David Oyebode ◽  
Olufunmilayo Ibiyemi Abobarin
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Histological Image ◽  
Follicular Cyst ◽  
Regular Consumption ◽  
Alcoholic Drinks ◽  
Corpus Luteum Cyst

Alcohol related health challenges have lingered over the years. Such associated with locally brewed alcoholic beverages have received little attention. The urgency to explore this becomes imperative. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of regular consumption of local alcoholic beverages on the estrous cycle and histological image of the ovaries and uterus thus fertility of female albino rats. Thirty screened female albino rats weighing 180-220g were divided into five groups and daily administered each with 10ml/kg of pito, burukutu, ogogoro, goskolo and 0.5ml/kg normal saline respectively for 21 days. Effect of the beverages on the estrous cycle as well as histopathological evaluation was carried out on the isolated ovaries and uterus. Results showed significant increase proestrous phase of the estrous cycle with ingestion of pito, burukutu, ogogorogo and goskolo. Also the histology of the ovary was basically without obvious pathological changes with pito, while there was alteration of histological parameters by burukutu, marked with formation of fibrosis, corpus luteum cyst resulting immature ovarian follicle, ogogoro marked with formation of fibrosis, corpus luteum cyst resulting immature ovarian follicle and goskolo marked with formation of multiple follicular cyst resulting in complete collapse of the ovarian section. The effect of traditional alcoholic beverages revealed the classical effects of alcoholic drinks by way of significant alteration in the estrous cycle of albino rats with marked alteration of the histological architecture of ovarian tissues. Pito, burukutu, ogogoro, and goskolo have a reprotoxic effect on the ovaries and uterus thus a deleterious effect on fertility of female albino rats.

scholarly journals Efek Serbuk Kunyit dan Kurkumin pada Spermatogenesis Mencit (Mus musculus) yang Diberi Minuman Beralkohol

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-160
Author(s):  
Helena Chika Valencia Hanisa ◽  
Tyas Rini Saraswati ◽  
Silvana Tana
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Alcohol Control ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Testicular Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spermatogonia Cells

Kunyit mengandung senyawa kurkumin yang dapat digunakan sebagai zat antiinflamasi dan membantu memperbaiki sel-sel yang rusak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh serbuk kunyit dan kurkumin pada jumlah dan ukuran sel spermatogonium; spermatosit primer; dan spermatosit sekunder; bobot testis serta diameter tubulus seminiferus Mus musculus yang diberi minuman beralkohol. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), menggunakan 12 ekor Mus musculus jantan yang dibagi kedalam 4 kelompok perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan. R0 merupakan kontrol, R1 kontrol alkohol, R2 pemberian serbuk kunyit sebanyak 0,1 mg/hari, R3 pemberian kurkumin sebanyak 0,01 mg/hari. Perlakuan diberikan selama 30 hari. Data penelitian dianalisis menggunakan analysis of variance (ANOVA) pada taraf kepercayaan 95%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p>0.05) pada jumlah spermatogonium dan ukuran sel (spermatogonium, spermatosit primer, dan spermatosit sekunder), namun terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada (P<0,05) pada bobot testis, diameter tubulus seminiferus dan jumlah sel (spermatosit primer, dan spermatosit sekunder). Turmeric contains curcumin compounds that can be used as anti-inflammatory substances and help repair damaged cells. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of turmeric powder and curcumin on the number and size of spermatogonia cells; primary spermatocytes; and secondary spermatocytes; testicular weight and diameter of the seminiferous tubules of Mus musculus given alcoholic beverages. This study is an experimental study with a completely randomized design (CRD), using 12 male Mus musculus which were divided into 4 treatment groups and 3 replications. R0 is control, R1 is alcohol control, R2 is 0.1 mg/day of turmeric powder, R3 is 0.01 mg/day of curcumin. The treatment was given for 30 days. The research data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at the 95% confidence level. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that there is no significant difference (p>0.05) in the number of spermatogonia and cell size (spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, and secondary spermatocytes), but there is a significant difference (P<0.05) in testicular weight, diameter of the seminiferous tubules and the number of cells (primary spermatocytes, and secondary spermatocytes).

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