scholarly journals Germination and Plantlet Regeneration of Encapsulated Microshoots of Aromatic Rice (Oryza sativaL. Cv. MRQ 74)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosna Mat Taha ◽  
Azani Saleh ◽  
Noraini Mahmad ◽  
Nor Azlina Hasbullah ◽  
Sadegh Mohajer
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Plantlet Regeneration ◽  
Synthetic Seeds ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Stem Explants ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Encapsulated Microshoots

Plant tissues such as somatic embryos, apical shoot tips, axillary shoot buds, embryogenic calli, and protocom-like bodies are potential micropropagules that have been considered for creating synthetic seeds. In the present study, 3–5 mm microshoots ofOryza sativaL. Cv. MRQ 74 were used as explant sources for obtaining synthetic seeds. Microshoots were induced from stem explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/L benzylaminopurine (BAP). They were encapsulated in 3% (w/v) sodium alginate, 3% sucrose, 0.1 mg/L BAP, and 0.1 mg/Lα-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Germination and plantlet regeneration of the encapsulated seeds were tested by culturing them on various germination media. The effect of storage period (15–30 days) was also investigated. The maximum germination and plantlet regeneration (100.0%) were recorded on MS media containing 3% sucrose and 0.8% agar with and without 0.1 mg/L BAP. However, a low germination rate (6.67%) was obtained using top soil as a sowing substrate. The germination rate of the encapsulated microshoots decreased from 93.33% to 3.33% after 30 days of storage at 4°C in the dark. Therefore, further research is being done to improve the germination rate of the synthetic seeds.

scholarly journals Role of Growth Regulators on In Vitro Callus Induction and Direct Regeneration in Physalis minima Linn

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 38-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sandhya ◽  
Rao Srinath
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Direct Regeneration ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Stem Explants ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Suitable protocol for induction of callus and regeneration was developed from different explants viz., node, stem and leaves in Physalis minima. MS basal medium supplemented with various concentrations (1.0-4.0mg/l) of auxins like 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and cytokinins (0.5-1.5mg/l) like BAP or Kn were used. All the three explants responded for induction of callus, however stem explants were found superior, followed by node and leaf. Callus induction was observed in all the auxins and combination of growth regulators used with varied mass (2010±1.10) and highest percentage of callus induction was observed from stem at 2.0mg/l 2,4-D (90%) followed by NAA (70%) and IAA (50%). Organogenesis was induced when nodal explants were transferred on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D and Kn at various concentrations, maximum being on 2.0mg/l 2,4-D + 1.0mg/l Kn (90%). Regenerated shoots were elongated on 0.5mg/l GA3. The shoots were subsequently rooted on MS + 1.0mg/l IBA (95%) medium. Rooted shoots were hardened and acclimatized, later they were transferred to polycups containing soil, cocopeat and sand in the ratio 1:2:1.Keywords:Physalis minima, Node, Stem, Leaf, callus and growth regulators.

scholarly journals In vitro Development of Cauliflower Synthetic Seeds and Development of Plantlets In vivo

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahida Qamar ◽  
Md. Belal Hossain ◽  
Idrees A. Nasir ◽  
Bushra Tabassum ◽  
Tayyab Husnain
Keyword(s):  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Synthetic Seeds ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Globular Cells ◽  
Vitro Development ◽  
Direct Use

Synthetic seeds of cauliflower cv. Chillout were developed by encapsulating mature somatic embryos in neutral gel media. Somatic embryos were obtained by optimizing callus and cell suspension cultures of cauliflower. Friable, yellowish embryogenic calli were obtained on MS supplemented with 2 mg/l  2,4-D and 0.5 mg/l BAP using hypocotyl as explants, while calli were regenerated in media consisting of 5 mg/l BAP, 2 mg/l Kn and 6 mg/l GA3. Somatic embryo-genesis was induced in cell suspension culture where auxins were removed in successive steps triggering  conversion of globular cells into the heart, torpedo stage (71%) and finally into cotyledonary/somatic embryos (28%). The mature somatic embryos were encapsulated by mixing mature cell suspension with sodium alginate and calcium chloride mixture (1 : 4). Developed synthetic seeds germinated into complete plantlets when placed in neutral gel media.  Germination efficiency of synthetic seeds decreased to about 50 per cent after 12 weeks of storage at 4ºC followed by a rapid decrease to zero per cent after 16 weeks. It was also observed that cauliflower plantlets from synthetic seeds survived successfully when transferred to soil demonstrating  that cauliflower synthetic seeds is a promising step towards their  in vivo direct use. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 24(1): 27-36, 2014 (June) D. O. I. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v24i1.19193

scholarly journals Effects of Storage Period and Germination Condition on Germination Rate of Vicia tetrasperma and V. hirsuta

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Lai Cho ◽  
Hyun-Sug Choi ◽  
Youn Lee ◽  
Chang-Seok Kim ◽  
In-Yong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Storage Period

scholarly journals Improvement of Seed Germination in Three Medicinal Plant Species by Plant Growth Regulators

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 887-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid M. Elhindi ◽  
Yaser Hassan Dewir ◽  
Abdul-Wasea Asrar ◽  
Eslam Abdel-Salam ◽  
Ahmed Sharaf El-Din ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Sweet Basil

Peppermint (Mentha piperita), sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum), and coriander (Coriandrum sativum) are important medicinal plants in the pharmacological industry. These plants are produced in commercial scale but their seeds exhibit low germination percentages under favorable germination conditions. Enhancing seed germination is thus crucial for improving the production of these plants. The influence of gibberellic acid (GA3), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indol-3-butyric acid (IBA), and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on seed germination of the three plants were investigated. The seeds were soaked in each plant growth regulator at 50, 100, and 150 mg·L−1 for 24 hours at 25 ± 2 °C. Seed germination was checked daily for 20 days and germination parameters including final germination percentage (FGP), corrected germination rate (CGRI), and number of days lapsed to reach 50% of FGP (GT50) were recorded. The phosphorus and protein contents were determined in germinated seedlings on day 21 of culture. All plant growth regulators enhanced seed germination as compared with control. However, GA3 improved seed germination more than IAA, IBA, and NAA. GA3 at 100 mg·L−1 significantly increased the FGP from 22.3% and 33.3% (control) to 74% and 65.6% for peppermint and sweet basil, respectively. Low concentration of GA3 at 50 mg·L−1 increased the FGP for coriander from 27% to 52.3%. GA3 also increased CGRI, GT50, phosphorus, and protein contents in germinated seedlings as compared with control. Seeds of peppermint, sweet basil, and coriander possess a physiological dormancy that could be elevated by GA3 presowing treatment. This study established a successful methodology for optimizing seed germination to satisfy the demand for the medicinal parts of these plants in the pharmacological industry.

scholarly journals Micropropagation and Genetic Fidelity of the Regenerants of Aglaonema ‘Valentine’ Using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 398-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Elsayed El-Mahrouk ◽  
Yaser Hassan Dewir ◽  
Yougasphree Naidoo
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Genetic Fidelity ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Simple Protocol ◽  
Regenerated Plantlets

The present study reports a simple protocol for in vitro regeneration of Aglaonema ‘Valentine’ using axillary shoot explants for rapid multiplication and production of true-to-type plants. Different concentrations of benzyladenine (BA; 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 mg·L−1), kinetin (Kin; 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 mg·L−1), thidiazuron (TDZ; 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mg·L−1), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA; 0, 0.5, and 1.0 mg·L−1), and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA; 0, 0.5, and 1.0 mg·L−1) were used for shoot regeneration. The highest shoot proliferation (5.0) was obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.5 mg·L−1 TDZ and 1 mg·L−1 NAA. In vitro rooting was easily achieved with 100% at all concentrations of NAA and IBA supplemented to half- or full-strength MS medium. Regenerated plantlets were acclimatized in greenhouse with 100% survival rate. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis confirmed the genetic fidelity of the regenerated plantlets and mother plant.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Media Dan Periode Simpan Terhadap Viabilitas Benih Cengkeh Tuni (Syzygium aromaticum L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
Marselina Noya ◽  
Johan Riry ◽  
Marthini Lesilolo
Keyword(s):  
Storage Time ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Storage Media ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
The Media ◽  
And Storage

This study aims to examine the influence of the media and the storage period on the viability of clove seeds. The study was conducted at the Ambon Plant Crops Protection and Protection Center laboratory. The study used a factorial completely randomized design with two types of factors and three replications. The storage media consists of 3 levels, namely: Without the storage media, the media for storing rice husk and the media for storing sawdust. The second factor is the storage period consists of 4 levels, namely: 10 days storage, 20 days storage, 30 days storage and 40 days storage. The parameters measured were germination power, germination rate, and vigor index. Storage media and storage period significantly affected germination and vigor indexes but did not significantly affect germination rates. The results showed that the sawdust storage media was a good medium for storing clove seeds (Syzygium aromaticum L.). This can be seen in the results of the average germination of clove seeds stored in powder storage media with a storage time of 10 days giving better results of 85% compared to rice husks at a storage time of 10 days with a germination percentage of 65%.  Keywords: clove seeds, save media, save period   ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh media dan periode simpan terhadap viabilitas benih cengkeh. Penelitian dilaksanakan di laboratorium Balai Besar Perbenihan dan Proteksi Tanaman Perkebunan Ambon. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial dengan dua macam faktor dan tiga kali ulangan. Media simpan terdiri dari 3 taraf yaitu: Tanpa media simpan, media simpan sekam padi dan media simpan serbuk gergaji. Faktor kedua adalah periode simpan terdiri dari 4 taraf yaitu: penyimpanan 10 hari, penyimpanan 20 hari, penyimpanan 30 hari dan penyimpanan 40 hari. Parameter yang diukur adalah daya berkecambah, laju perkecambahan dan indeks vigor. Media simpan dan periode penyimpanan berpengaruh nyata pada persentase perkecambahan dan indeks vigor tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata pada laju perkecambahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa media simpan serbuk gergaji merupakan media yang baik bagi penyimpanan benih cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum L.). Hal ini terlihat pada hasil rata-rata daya berkecambah benih cengkeh yang disimpan pada media simpan serbuk dengan lama penyimpanan selama 10 hari memberikan hasil yang lebih baik yakni 85% jika dibandingkan dengan sekam padi pada lama penyimpanan 10 hari dengan persentase perkecambahan 65%. Kata Kunci: benih cengkeh, media simpan, periode simpan

scholarly journals Explant Initiation Date and BA Concentration Influence Shoot Proliferation in vitro of Two Liatris Interspecific Hybrids

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1098-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Ault
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Stem Explants ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Flower Stem ◽  
Basal Salts ◽  
Proliferation In Vitro

Shoot proliferation cultures were established in vitro using flower-stem explants from two different interspecific hybrid plants of Liatris. Explants taken on two dates from field-grown plants were successfully established and axillary shoot growth promoted on a medium consisting of Murashige and Skoog basal salts and vitamins with 30 g·L-1 sucrose, 1.0 μm BA, and 7.0 g·L-1 agar, with a medium pH = 5.7. Initial explant contamination rates were significantly higher among explants collected later in the growing season. Addition of BA (1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, or 16.0 μm) improved shoot formation compared to the control for both plants. Proliferation rates differed between the dates of establishment, the plants, and the BA treatments. Shoots rooted readily in medium without PGRs or with 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, or 8.0 μm K-IBA. Overall rooting was 88%. About 90% of the plants rooted in the presence of 1.0 μm K-IBA were successfully established in the greenhouse. Chemical names used: 6-benzyl adenine (BA); potassium salt of indole-3-butyric acid (K-IBA).

scholarly journals Inisiasi, pertumbuhan, dan perkembangan kalus embriogenik tanaman stevia (Stevia rebaudiana)

2021 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masna Maya SINTA ◽  
Rizka Tamania SAPTARI ◽  
. SUMARYONO
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Pure Line ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Production Scale ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Young Leaves

The leaves of sweetener plant Stevia rebaudiana contain secondary metabolites of steviol glycosides which are very sweet, with no calorie and zero glycemic index. Propagation of stevia by seeds is ineffective due to its low germination rate and diverse progenies. The tissue culture of stevia can be used to mass propagate rapidly and is commonly conducted by shoot multiplication. Up to now, the technology of somatic embryogenesis (SE) in stevia has not been successful yet. SE is developed to increase the production scale, rejuvenate clonal-propagated plants, and plant genetic transformation. The research objective was to develop protocols for the initiation, proliferation, and development of embryogenic calli of stevia as potential materials for SE. The explants used were young leaves, nodes, and internodes of axenic plantlets of stevia BX clone. The explants were cultured on MS solid media containing different concentrations of auxin and cytokinin for callus initiation. Callus emerged after 2-3 weeks of culture. The calli obtained were proliferated by subculturing several times as material stocks for indirect SE. MS solid media added with 1 µM 3,4-D and 16 mM CaCl2 gave the highest callus multiplication rate (4.7 times in 3 weeks). The selection of embryogenic calli was made continuously to obtain a pure line of embryogenic calli. Three types of calli attained were friable, fast-growing, yellowish calli, shiny nodular calli, and greenish nodular calli. Histological studies revealed that cells of the nodular calli had been differentiated to potentially formed somatic embryos.

scholarly journals In Vitro Propagation of Eriostemon myoporoides and Eriostemon `Stardust'

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 686-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Ault
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Stem Explants ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Axillary Shoot Proliferation

Optimal axillary shoot proliferation was obtained from stem explants of a clone of Eriostemon myoporoides DC. on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium containing 0.1 mg BA/liter, and of Eriostemon `Stardust' on MS medium containing 0.5 mg BA/liter. Overall average number of shoots and shoot lengths for all treatments was greater for E. `Stardust' (22.4 shoots and 12.1-mm shoot length) than for E. myoporoides (4.5 shoots and 8.3-mm shoot length). Maximum percent rooting of E. myoporoides (42%) and E. `Stardust' (95%) was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg K-IBA/liter for E. myoporoides and 0.1 mg NAA/liter for E. `Stardust'. Overall average percent rooting and root lengths were greater for E. `Stardust' (42% rooting and 11.0-mm root length) than for E. myoporoides (27% rooting and 2.3-mm root length). For E. `Stardust', reducing sucrose in the rooting medium from 50 to 25 g·liter-1 significantly decreased overall average percent rooting to 1670 and root length to 6.8 mm. Plantlets of both clones were acclimatized in the greenhouse and transferred successfully to soil, although survival was <7070. Chemical names used: N -(phenylmethyl) -l H -purine-6-amine (BA); potassium-l H -indole-3-butyric acid (K-IBA); l-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).

scholarly journals Responses of sour passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) seeds from the third recurrent selection cycle during storage

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Daniele Lima Rodrigues ◽  
Alexandre Pio Viana ◽  
Henrique Duarte Vieira ◽  
Eileen Azevedo Santos ◽  
Fernando Higino Lima E Silva
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
The Third ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Sour Passion Fruit

Conflicting responses have been found for the period of conservation of passion fruit seeds.  Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the response of the seeds of passion fruit progenies to a 24-month storage period.  The sour passion fruit progenies from the third cycle of Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro - UENF intrapopulation recurrent selection program were grown in Itaocara- RJ and the progenies seeds were evaluated for:  germination potential, germination first count, accelerated aging, first count of accelerated aging test, seedling and radicle size and germination speed index.  The germination and vigor of the seeds of the full-sib progenies were assessed by analysis of variance and factorial arrangement with 3 progenies and 7 periods of storage and the averages were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability.  Progenies 1 and 2 responded better to germination (92% for both progeny) and vigor test of accelerated aging (92% for both progeny), rootlet size (6.4 and 5.8 cm, respectively) and germination speed index (2.91 and 2.85, respectively) during storage.  Variations were observed during the storage period in mean of progenies for germination (81-93%) and vigor for all traits, except accelerated aging (84-91%).  At eight months of storage, the seeds presented increased vigor; at 16 months, they showed reduced vigor.  The passion fruit seeds of the progenies under analysis can be stored for up to 24 months with high and uniform germination rate and no loss in vigor.  The seeds from the passion fruit breeding program showed increases in the variables of germination and vigor during the selection process for fruit production variables, proving the efficiency of the breeding program.

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