scholarly journals General and Electrophysiological Toxic Effects of Manganese in Rats following Subacute Administration in Dissolved and Nanoparticle Form

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edina Horváth ◽  
Zsuzsanna Máté ◽  
Szabolcs Takács ◽  
Péter Pusztai ◽  
András Sápi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Sensory Evoked Potential ◽  
Electrophysiological Tests ◽  
Electrophysiological Responses ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Systemic Stress ◽  
Sensory Evoked

In an attempt to model occupational and environmental Mn exposures and their possible interaction, young male Wistar rats were exposed to Mn by oral administration in dissolved form (MnCl2·4H2O, 14.84 and 59.36 mg/kg b.w.) and by intratracheal application of MnO2nanoparticles (2.63 mg/kg b.w.). After 3 and 6 weeks oral, or 3 weeks oral plus 3 weeks intratracheal, exposure, general toxicological, and electrophysiological tests were done. Body weight gain was significantly reduced after 6 and 3 plus 3 weeks exposure, but the effect of the latter on the pace of weight gain was stronger. Organ weights signalized systemic stress and effect on lungs. Changes in evoked electrophysiological responses (cortical sensory evoked potential and nerve action potential) indicated that the 3 plus 3 weeks combined exposure caused equal or higher changes in the latency of these responses than 6 weeks of exposure, although the calculated summed Mn dose in the former case was lower. The results showed the importance of the physicochemical form of Mn in determining the toxic outcome, and suggested that neurofunctional markers of Mn action may indicate the human health effect better than conventional blood Mn measurement.

COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF SUCROSE AND CORNSTARCH IN LOW-PROTEIN DIETS FED TO RATS EXPOSED TO COLD

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-249
Author(s):  
J. R. Beaton ◽  
J. F. Sangster
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Environmental Temperatures ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Starch Diet

Young male rats were fed one of three low-protein (5% casein) diets differing in the source of carbohydrate (sucrose, equal parts sucrose and cornstarch, or cornstarch) or a 20% casein (sucrose) diet at environmental temperatures of 24 °C or 5 °C. Replacement of sucrose with starch appeared to have a small but significant effect in increasing body weight gain for 15 days (but not the next 28 days) at 24 °C and also in animals exposed to cold for 28 days after a 15-day feeding period at 24 °C. In disagreement with results reported by Andik et al., cold exposure, although significantly increasing body weight gain and food intake in rats fed the 5% casein – starch diet, did not elicit a weight gain as great as that observed in 20% casein-fed animals at either 24 °C or 5 °C. The 24-hour food intake following a 24-hour fast exceeded the intake on the day before fasting on all diets for animals maintained at 5 °C but not 24 °C. The immediate ([Formula: see text] hour) and 24-hour food intakes of rats at 5 °C exceeded those of comparable dietary groups at 24 °C. At 5 °C, the 24-hour food intake, following the fast, of rats fed the 5% casein – starch diet exceeded that of the 20% casein-fed controls.

Emblica officinalis – Anti-obesity activity

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iram Nazish ◽  
Shahid H Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Oral Feeding ◽  
Emblica Officinalis ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Obese Rats ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Abstract Context Emblica officinalis Gaertn. (family-Phyllanthaceae) fruits, known commonly as amla, is extensively used in Indian traditional system of medicine for the treatment of various disorders. The ethanolic E. officinalis extract is reported to have various activity such as antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activity in experimental animals. Objective To evaluate anti-obesity effect of aqueous E. officinalis extract in murine model of high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Materials and methods Male Wistar rats fed with HFD (20 g/day/rat, p.o) for a period of 42 days were used to induce obesity. Aqueous E. officinalis extract (20 mg/kg bw) administered orally to HFD-fed rats from day 8 to 50 days for a period of 42 days. Body weight gain, serum lipids, insulin and leptin parameters were measured. Results Oral feeding of the aqueous E. officinalis extract (20 mg/kg) to HFD-induced obese rats for a period of 42 days resulted in significant reduction in body weight gain, insulin, leptin, lipids as compared to rats fed HFD alone. Further, the extract also showed significant increase in high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) levels. Discussion and conclusions These results show that aqueous E. officinalis extract possess significant anti-obesity potential.

scholarly journals Anorectic Effect, Biochemical and Hematological Profiles of Alkaloid Extract from Mitragyna speciosa Korth. in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 779-790
Author(s):  
EKKASIT KUMARNSIT ◽  
NIWAT KEAWPRADUB ◽  
NARUMON SENGNON ◽  
JURAITHIP WUNGSINTAWEEKUL ◽  
DANIA CHEAHA
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Rewarding Effect ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Mitragyna Speciosa ◽  
Pathway Activation ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

There is an on-going debate about medicinal use of kratom plant (Mitragyna speciosa (MS)) on whether it has beneficial or adverse effects. This study aimed to examine long-term weight-reducing effects, toxicity, and dopamine pathway activation of MS alkaloid extract on adult male Wistar rats. In anorexic study, the rats were divided into 3 groups (n = 10), receiving intragastric administration once a day for 19 weeks as control (distilled water), chronic (20 mg/kg MS alkaloid extract) and withdrawal (20 mg/kg MS alkaloid extract for week 1-12 and distilled water for week 13-19) groups. Body weights were measured daily, and blood samples were collected at the end of study for biochemical and hematological tests. In immunohistochemistry, the effects of the extract (40 and 80 mg/kg) on the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and striatum (STr) were determined by using Fos-like immunoreactivity. From week 2 to 19, the results showed a significant reduction in body weight gain produced by the extract. Cessation of the treatment at week 12 did not result in a rebound weight gain. Chronic MS alkaloid extract treatment significantly decreased non-fasting blood sugar, triglyceride, uric acid and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). However, elevated SGOT may suggest possible hepatotoxicity. Chronic MSalkaloid extract treatment also produced baseline levels for most of the hematological parameters except a decrease of monocyte. In immunohistochemistry, the acute treatment did not induce Fos-like immunoreactivity in the NAc and STr.These data demonstrated the beneficial effects of the MS alkaloid extract for possible treatment of metabolic syndromes without toxicity and rewarding effect.

Ameliorative effect of quercetin, catechin, and taxifolin on rotenone-induced testicular and splenic weight gain and oxidative stress in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Afolabi C. Akinmoladun ◽  
Oluwabunmi O. Olaniyan ◽  
Courage D. Famusiwa ◽  
Sunday S. Josiah ◽  
M. Tolulope Olaleye
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Glutathione Transferase ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

AbstractBackgroundThe physiological functions of the testis and spleen can be affected through several cellular and molecular mechanisms such as the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that causes oxidative stress. This study aimed at investigating the protective effect of catechin, quercetin, and taxifolin in rotenone-induced testicular and splenetic toxicity.MethodsMale Wistar rats were administered with 1.5 mg/kg rotenone (s.c.) for 10 days followed by post-treatment with catechin (5, 10, or 20 mg/kg), quercetin (5, 10, or 20 mg/kg), and taxifolin (0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 mg/kg) for 3 days (s.c.), followed by estimation of biochemical markers of oxidative stress, inflammatory activities, and tissue damage in testes and spleen.ResultsExposure of rats to rotenone caused reduced body weight gain, increased organ weight, decreased glutathione level and activities of glutathione transferase and superoxide dismutase, enhanced lipid peroxidation, and increased activities of prooxidant/proinflammatory enzymes and lactate dehydrogenase, which were mitigated by post-treatment with flavonoids. In general, quercetin and taxifolin showed better activity than catechin.ConclusionsCatechin, quercetin, and taxifolin ameliorated rotenone-induced weight disturbances and oxidative damage in rats, indicating their potential relevance in toxicant and pesticide-induced tissue injury.

scholarly journals A New Look at an Old Drug: Cumulative Effects of Low Ribavirin Doses in Amphetamine-Sensitized Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (31) ◽  
pp. 3884-3894
Author(s):  
Branka Petković ◽  
Srđan Kesić ◽  
Slavica Ristić ◽  
Željko Pavković ◽  
Jelena Podgorac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Repeated Treatment ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Brain

Background: Psychotic states related to psychostimulant misuse in patients with hepatitis C virus infection may complicate acceptance and reaction to antiviral treatment. This observation equally applies to the widely used ribavirin therapy. Objective: We examined psychomotor and body weight gain responses to low ribavirin doses after cessation of intermittent amphetamine treatment in adult rats to assess its role in neurobehavioral outcome during psychostimulant withdrawal. Method: The model of amphetamine-induced (1.5 mg/kg/day, i.p., 7 consecutive days) motor sensitization and affected body weight gain was established in adult male Wistar rats. Then, additional cohort of amphetaminesensitized rats was subjected to saline (0.9% NaCl; 1 mL/kg/day; i.p.) or ribavirin (10, 20 and 30 mg/kg/day, i.p.) treatment for 7 consecutive days. Animals’ motor activity in a novel environment was monitored after the 1st and the 7th saline/ribavirin injection. Body weight gain was calculated as appropriate. Determination and quantification of ribavirin in the brain tissue were performed also. Results: The 1st application of ribavirin to amphetamine-sensitized rats affected/decreased their novelty-induced motor activity only at a dose of 30 mg/kg. After the 7th application, ribavirin 30 mg/kg/day still decreased, while 10 and 20 mg/kg/day increased novelty-induced motor activity. These behavioral effects coincided with the time required to reach maximum ribavirin concentration in the brain. Body weight gain during withdrawal was not influenced by any of the doses tested. Conclusion: Ribavirin displays central effects that in repeated treatment, depending on the applied dose, could significantly influence psychomotor response but not body weight gain during psychostimulant/amphetamine withdrawal.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kombinasi Sagu Kukus (Metroxylon Spp) dan Tepung Keong Mas (Pomacea Spp) sebagai Pengganti Jagung Kuning terhadap Penampilan Itik Jantan Alabio, Mojosari dan Hasil Persilangannya (The Effect of Steaming Sago (Metroxylon Spp) and Golden Snail Meal

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Ahmad Subhan ◽  
Tri Yuwanta ◽  
Jafendi Hasoloan Purba Sidadolog
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Yellow Corn ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Basal Ration

<p>The aim of the experiment was to find out the effects of steaming sago (Metroxylon Spp) and golden snail meal (Pomacea Spp) combination for yellow corn substitution, on the performance of male Alabio, Mojosari, and their cross<br />(MA). One hundred and ninety two young male ducks from the three breeds of 7 day old were assigned in 48 units of pens (4 ducks/pen). The experimental design was Completely Randomized Design with factorial (3x4) the first factor<br />was duck breeds (a) consisted of three duck breeds, Alabio, Mojosari, and Raja ducks, and the second factor was the type of ration of: R0 (control/100% basal ration), R1 (basal ration + 13% steaming sago and 2% golden snail flour), R2<br />(basal ration + 26% steaming sago and 4% golden snail flour) and R3 (basal ration + 39% steaming sago and 6% golden snail flour). All treatments were repeated four times. The observed variables were the performance of ducks<br />(body weight, body weight gain, ration consumption, and feed conversion ratio). The results indicated that breed had significant effects (P&lt;0.05) on body weight, body weight gain, and ration conversion. Meanwhile, types of feed had<br />significant effects (P&lt;0.05) on feed consumption, body weight gain, and final body weight. It was concluded that the combination of steaming sago and golden snail meal up to 45% of the ration could replace the need for yellow corn as<br />source of energy without affecting the performance of male ducks of 1–8 weeks old. Cross male ducks were better than male Alabio and Mojosari ducks because they were more efficient in converting ration in to meat which resulting in<br />higher body weight gain.</p><p>(Key words: Steaming sago, Golden snail flour, Male ducks, Performance)<br /><br /></p>

scholarly journals N-acetylcysteine+nimesulide: An association strategy aiming to prevent nimesulide-induced hepatotoxicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
Amanda G. Elias ◽  
Julia S. da Silva ◽  
Rafaela L. Klein ◽  
Francieli U. I. Amaral ◽  
Marcelo D. Arbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Relative Mass ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Control Body

Introduction: Nimesulide is a potent anti-inflammatorywith rapid and long-lasting effects, but also with a high riskof hepatotoxicity. Objective: This work aimed to preventnimesulide-induced hepatotoxicity through the associationof nimesulide with a hepatoprotective agent. Materials andMethods: First, we tested three hepatoprotective agents:N-acetylcysteine, L-carnitine, and Gingko biloba extract inan in vitro hepatic cell model. Both N-acetylcysteine and G.biloba showed promisor results. We selected N-acetylcysteineto continue the studies in an animal model. In vivo study wasperformed using male Wistar rats divided in 4 groups: control,nimesulide (100mg/kg/day), nimesulide (100mg/kg/day) +N-acetylcysteine (100mg/kg/day) and N-acetylcysteine alone(100mg/kg/day). Treatments were given by gavage, daily, for15 days. Results: Animals receiving nimesulide alone showedlower body weight gain compared to control. Body weightgain in the nimesulide + N-acetylcysteine group was higherthan nimesulide alone, evidencing lower toxicity. However,the body weight gain of the nimesulide + N-acetylcysteinegroup was still lower than the control animals. Animals treatedwith nimesulide alone presented an increased relative mass ofheart, liver, and spleen and significant hepatic damage seen inmicroscopy when compared to other groups. N-acetylcysteineco-administered with nimesulide prevented the increasedheart mass, but the same was not true with liver and spleen.Conclusions: This work evidence partial protection elicitedby the association of N-acetylcysteine and nimesulide againstnimesulide-induced hepatotoxicity.

scholarly journals Psychomotor activity and body weight gain after exposure to low ribavirin doses in rats: role of treatment duration

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branka Petkovic ◽  
Gordana Stojadinovic ◽  
Srdjan Kesic ◽  
Slavica Ristic ◽  
Ljiljana Martac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Psychomotor Activity ◽  
Prolonged Duration ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Basic Studies

Clinically-related basic studies on the behavioral effects of ribavirin treatment are still lacking despite its wide use as an antiviral medication. This paper considers the effects of low ribavirin doses (10, 20 and 30 mg/kg/day) on psychomotor activity (novelty-induced exploratory behavior, d-amphetamine (AMPH, 1.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal)-induced motor activity), and body weight gain in socially undisturbed adult male Wistar rats 24 h after the first, seventh and fourteenth once-a-day injection. Low doses of ribavirin were tested in an attempt to avoid the recognized systemic side effects related to high-dose usage. None of the singly applied ribavirin doses affected exploratory/spontaneous and AMPH-induced motor behavior (locomotion, stereotypy-like and vertical activity), however, body weight gain was significantly lower after treatment with 30 mg/kg of ribavirin. The 7- and 14-day treatments with 10 and 30 mg/kg/day of ribavirin significantly suppressed novelty-induced locomotion and body weight gain; the 14-day treatment with ribavirin at a dose of 30 mg/kg/ day decreased AMPH-induced stereotypy. These findings indicate that repeated application (up to 14 days) of low ribavirin doses results in low novelty-induced locomotion along with reduced weight gain, accentuating the existence of a U-shaped dose-response relationship with a prolonged duration of ribavirin treatment.

Feeding and temperature responses to intravenous leptin infusion are differential predictors of obesity in rats

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (4) ◽  
pp. R756-R763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Pierre Ruffin ◽  
Tiziana Adage ◽  
Folkert Kuipers ◽  
Jan H. Strubbe ◽  
Anton J. W. Scheurink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Leptin Resistance ◽  
Variable Effect ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Plasma Leptin

Obesity is frequently associated with leptin resistance. The present study investigated whether leptin resistance in rats is present before obesity develops, and thus could underlie obesity induced by 16 wk exposure to a liquid, palatable, high-energy diet (HED). Before HED exposure, male Wistar rats (weighing between 330 and 360 g) received intravenous infusions of 20 μg leptin 2 h before dark (∼57 μg/kg rat). Relative to saline infusion, this caused a highly variable effect on food intake (ranging between -94 and +129%), with food intake suppression that appeared negatively correlated with HED-induced increases in body weight gain, caloric intake, adiposity, and plasma leptin levels. In contrast, leptin's thermogenic response was positively correlated to body weight gain linked to weights of viscera, but not to adiposity. Before HED exposure, leptin unexpectedly increased food intake in some rats (fi+, n = 8), whereas others displayed the normal reduction in food intake (fi-, n = 7). HED-exposed fi+ rats had higher plasma leptin levels, retroperitoneal fat pad weight, HED intake, and body weight gain than fi- and chow-fed rats. These parameters were also higher in HED-exposed fi- rats relative to chow rats, except for plasma leptin concentrations. It is concluded that leptin's reduced efficacy to suppress food intake could predict obesity on an HED. An unexpected orexigenic effect of leptin might potentially contribute to this as well.

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