scholarly journals Particulate Matter and Health Risk under a Changing Climate: Assessment for Portugal

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Dias ◽  
Oxana Tchepel ◽  
Anabela Carvalho ◽  
Ana Isabel Miranda ◽  
Carlos Borrego
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Climate Assessment ◽  
Induced Changes

The potential impacts of climate-induced changes in air pollution levels and its impacts on population health were investigated. The IPCC scenario (SRES A2) was used to analyse the effects of climate on future PM10 concentrations over Portugal and their impact on short-term population exposure and mortality. The air quality modelling system has been applied with high spatial resolution looking on climate changes at regional scale. To quantify health impacts related to air pollution changes, the WHO methodology for health impact assessment was implemented. The results point to 8% increase of premature mortality attributed to future PM10 levels in Portugal. The pollution episodes with daily average PM10 concentration above the current legislated value (50 μg·m−3) would be responsible for 81% of attributable cases. The absolute number of deaths attributable to PM10 under future climate emphasizes the importance of indirect effects of climate change on human health.

scholarly journals Premature mortality due to air pollution in European cities: a health impact assessment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasha Khomenko ◽  
Marta Cirach ◽  
Evelise Pereira-Barboza ◽  
Natalie Mueller ◽  
Jose Barrera-Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Health Impact Assessment ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
European Cities

scholarly journals Potential health impact of transport traffic restriction in the center of Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Samir Mehtiyev
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Health Priorities ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Pollution Effects ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Air Pollution Effects

The transport traffic is known to be the major reason for air pollution in urban areas. Two pollutants should be considered with attention: the particles with diameter of less than 10 microns (PM10) and carbon monoxide. The paper discusses application of time-series and geographical studies to the investigation of air pollution health effects as well as attempts to estimate potential health impact of restriction traffic in the center of Baku by 25% based on local data published in 2012(4) and 2013(5). Time-series studies investigate association between short-term variations in air pollution levels and health events counts. Confounding factors that change slowly over the time do not introduce much distortion for the association in question as population is used as its own control. Geographical studies aimed at investigation of association between long-term exposure to air pollution and chronic health outcomes. They are known to be prone to confounding because they compare populations from different locations. The evidence of air pollution effects from time-series and geographical studies is complementary. The problem of traffic air pollution is being intensified with each year and becomes one of the main public health priorities in Baku. Assuming that the results of six cities study (3) can be generalized to Baku the total number of preventable annual deaths should be around 419 in case of restriction traffic in the center of Baku by 25%. For the low border of 95%CI the result is as much as 153. Despite uncertainties in assumptions the produced evidence fully justifies the proposed intervention.

scholarly journals Exposure to Air Pollution and Renal Function - An Underestimated Threat?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Kuźma ◽  
Jolanta Małyszko ◽  
Hanna Bachórzewska- Gajewska ◽  
Sławomir Dobrzycki
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Number Of Patients

Abstract Introduction: Air pollution contributes to the premature death of approximately 428,000 citizens of Europe every year. The adverse effects of air pollution can be observed not only in respiratory, circulatory, and nervous systems but also in renal function.Aim: Our goal was to investigate the hypothesis indicating that we can observe the long-term and also short-term impact of air pollution on kidney function.Methods: We reviewed medical notes of patients hospitalized at Medical University of Bialystok, Poland between 2007-2016. We used linear, log-linear, and logistic regression models to assess the association between renal function and NO2, SO2, and PMs. Results are reported as beta (β) coefficients and odds ratios (OR) for an increase in interquartile range (IQR) concentration with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: 3,554 patients were included into the final analysis. The median age was 66 (IQR 15) and men were in the majority (53.2%, N=1891). Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was diagnosed in 21.5% (N=764). The long-term increase in annual average concertation of PM2.5 (OR for IQR increase=1.07; 95% CI 1.01 – 1.15, P=0.037) and NO2 (OR for IQR increase=1.05;95% CI 1.01 – 1.10, P=0.047) resulted in an increased number of patients with CKD. In short-term observation the IQR increase in weekly PM2.5 concentration was associated with a 2% reduction in eGFR (OR=0.98, 95%CI 0.97 – 0.99, P=0.03)Conclusions: The effects of air pollution on renal function were observed. Long- and short–term exposure to elevated air pollution levels was associated with a decrease in eGFR. The main pollutant affecting the kidneys was PM2.5.

scholarly journals Model calculated global, regional and megacity premature mortality due to air pollution

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 7737-7766
Author(s):  
J. Lelieveld ◽  
C. Barlas ◽  
D. Giannadaki ◽  
A. Pozzer
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
World Health ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Respiratory Mortality ◽  
Global Rate

Abstract. Air pollution by fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) has increased strongly with industrialization and urbanization. We estimated the premature mortality rates and the years of human life lost (YLL) caused by anthropogenic PM2.5 and O3 in 2005 for epidemiological regions defined by the World Health Organization. We carried out high-resolution global model calculations to resolve urban and industrial regions in greater detail compared to previous work. We applied a health impact function to estimate premature mortality for people of 30 yr and older, using parameters derived from epidemiological cohort studies. Our results suggest that especially in large countries with extensive suburban and rural populations, air pollution-induced mortality rates have previously been underestimated. We calculate a global respiratory mortality of about 773 thousand yr−1 (YLL ≈ 5.2 million yr−1), 186 thousand yr−1 by lung cancer (YLL ≈ 1.7 million yr−1) and 2.0 million yr−1 by cardiovascular disease (YLL ≈ 14.3 million yr−1). The global mean per capita mortality caused by air pollution is about 0.1 % yr−1. The highest premature mortality rates are found in the Southeast Asia and Western Pacific regions (about 25% and 46% of the global rate, respectively) where more than a dozen of the most highly polluted megacities are located.

Time series regression to identifying the relationship between air pollution and health in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 40-52
Author(s):  
Thuy Linh Nguyen ◽  
◽  
Tu Le ◽  
Thi Kim Ngan Nguyen ◽  
Thi Bich Lien Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Environmental Epidemiology ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Time Series Regression ◽  
Pollution Levels

Time series has been widely used in environmental epidemiology; especially in identifying the short-term associations between ambient air pollution and health outcomes. For both exposure and outcome, data are available at regular time intervals (daily hospital admissions and pollution levels) to explore short-term associations between them. In this article, we described main steps to conduct time series regression and highlighted some key ideas when applying this technique. A sample data was used to investigate short-term association between PM10 and daily hospital admission among children in Hanoi between 2008 and 2016. This analysis was conducted with R software. Keywords: time series, air pollution, short-term effect

scholarly journals Health-Based Approach to Determine Alert and Information Thresholds for Particulate Matter Air Pollution

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1345
Author(s):  
Łukasz Adamkiewicz ◽  
Katarzyna Maciejewska ◽  
Krzysztof Skotak ◽  
Michal Krzyzanowski ◽  
Artur Badyda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Pm10 Concentration ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Guideline Value

In this study Health Impact Assessment (HIA) methods were used to evaluate potential health benefits related to keeping air pollution levels in Poland under certain threshold concentrations. Impacts of daily mean particulate matter (PM)10 levels on hospital admissions due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases were considered. Relative risk coefficients were adopted from WHO HRAPIE project. The analyses covered period from 2015 to 2017, and were limited to the heating season (1st and 4th quarter of the year), when the highest PM10 concentrations occur. The national total number of hospital admissions attributed to PM10 concentration exceeding WHO daily Air Quality Guideline value of 50 µg/m3 was calculated for each of the 46 air quality zones established in Poland. We found that the reduction of the attributable hospital admissions by 75% or 50% of that expected for the “best case scenario”, with no days with PM10 concentration exceeding 50 µg/m3 would require avoidance of exceedance by the daily mean PM10 concentration of 64 µg/m3 and 83 µg/m3, respectively. These concentrations were proposed as the information and alert thresholds, respectively. The alert thresholds were exceeded on 2 and 38 days per year in the least and the most polluted zones, respectively. Exceedances of the information thresholds occurred on 6 and 66 days in these zones.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document